4651 results about "Hydrogen storage" patented technology

The present invention relates to a composition and method for storage and controlled release of hydrogen. In particular, the present invention relates to the use of borohydride based solutions as a hydrogen storage source and a catalyst system to release hydrogen therefrom.

Carbon nanotubes are grown directly on metal substrates using chemical vapor deposition. Metal substrates are comprised of catalysts which facilitate or promote the growth of carbon nanotubes. The nanotube coated metal substrates have applications including, but not limited to, heat transfer and thermal control, hydrogen storage, fuel cell catalytic reformers, electronics and semiconductors, implantable medical devices or prostheses, and tribological wear and protective coatings.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a loading functional oxide porous carbon, which belongs to the technical field of carbon material. The method comprises the following steps of: selecting biomass material, and carbonizing at the temperature of 400-1000 DEG C in vacuum or on inert condition; preparing porous carbon by a physical activating or chemical activating process according to the requirement on the pore structure by the carbonized porous carbon; immersing the porous carbon into a precursor solution of an element M, cleaning many times with distilled water, and drying; roasting on the porous carbon at the temperature of 300-1000 DEG C in vacuum or on inert atmosphere, and then the active carbon of the loading functional oxide MxOy is prepared. The active carbon of the loading functional oxide MxOy prepared by the invention has the special pore structure of the biomass, also has the functions performed by the oxides, and has important application value in water treatment, hydrogen storage, photocatalysis, fuel cells and relevant fields.

Catalytically activated carbon fibers and methods for their preparation are described. The activated carbon fibers are engineered to have a controlled porosity distribution that is readily optimized for specific applications using metal-containing nanoparticles as activation catalysts. The activated carbon fibers may be used in all manner of devices that contain carbon materials, including but not limited to various electrochemical devices (e.g., capacitors, batteries, fuel cells, and the like), hydrogen storage devices, filtration devices, catalytic substrates, and the like.

The present invention relates to controlled growth of carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using novel porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates, which have been seeded with transition metal catalysts. The resulting CNT bundles may be dense and long and can be used for numerous applications. Further, the porous AAO templates and the CNTs grown thereby, can be functionalized and used for separation of chemical species, hydrogen storage, fuel cell electrocatalyst and gas flow membranes, other catalytic applications, and as a bulk structural material.

Carbon nanotubes are grown directly on metal substrates using chemical vapor deposition. Metal substrates are comprised of catalysts which facilitate or promote the growth of carbon nanotubes. The nanotube coated metal substrates have applications including, but not limited to, heat transfer and thermal control, hydrogen storage, fuel cell catalytic reformers, electronics and semiconductors, implantable medical devices or prostheses, and tribological wear and protective coatings.

A hydrogen gas generation system is provided for use in a mobile vehicle. The mobile vehicle may be for example, a car or truck or other vehicle such as a balloon, dirigible, airship, ship, or boat. The vehicle has an on-board hydrogen generator for generating hydrogen gas, preferably using an electrolysis process. The hydrogen produced by the electrolysis process is stored in an on-board hydrogen storage tank. Hydrogen from the storage tank is flowed into a vehicle propulsion system where the hydrogen gas is consumed to provide power to propel the vehicle. An on-board electrical generation system provides at least some of the electricity for the electrolysis process. In one example, the vehicle has an on-board electrical generator for providing electricity for the electrolysis process. The on-board electric generation system may be, for example, a solar photovoltaic cell system, a wind turbine generator system, or a regenerative braking generator, for example. Depending on the particular electrical generation process or processes used, the vehicle may generate hydrogen gas when moving, when coasting or braking, or when long-term parked.

An energy storage and recovery system includes a renewable power source, a hydrogen generation device in electrical communication with the renewable power source, a hydrogen storage device in fluid communication with the hydrogen generation device, a hydrogen fueled electricity generator in fluid communication with the hydrogen storage device, and a pressure regulator interposed between and in fluid communication with the hydrogen fueled electricity generator and the hydrogen storage device. The pressure regulator is set at an operating pressure of the hydrogen fueled electricity generator.

The present invention relates to a composition and method for storage and controlled release of hydrogen. In particular, the present invention relates to the use of borohydride based solutions as a hydrogen storage source and a catalyst system to release hydrogen therefrom.

A hydrogen storage apparatus that includes multiple gas storage tanks that each house a storing / adsorbing material and through the interior of which a fluid travels is provided. The gas storage apparatus 10 includes roughly cylindrical gas storage tanks 20 that house hydrogen-storing alloy. The multiple gas storage tanks 20 are disposed longitudinally parallel to each other in an ordered fashion such that roughly triangular prism-shaped empty spaces are formed between multiple adjacent hydrogen storage tanks 20. Coolant paths through which coolant flows are formed in these roughly triangular prism-shaped empty spaces. These coolant paths are thermally connected to the hydrogen-storing alloy in the gas storage tanks 20 via constituent members of the gas storage tanks 20 and via heat transfer plates 28 disposed on the gas storage tanks 20.

A hydrogen storage material includes a nano size material that can be formed in a multi-layered core / shell structure and / or in a nanotabular (or platelet) form.

Hydrogen is stored in materials that absorb and desorb hydrogen with temperature dependent rates. A housing is provided that allows for the storage of one or more types of hydrogen-storage materials in close thermal proximity to a fuel cell stack. This arrangement, which includes alternating fuel cell stack and hydrogen-storage units, allows for close thermal matching of the hydrogen storage material and the fuel cell stack. Also, the present invention allows for tailoring of the hydrogen delivery by mixing different materials in one unit. Thermal insulation alternatively allows for a highly efficient unit. Individual power modules including one fuel cell stack surrounded by a pair of hydrogen-storage units allows for distribution of power throughout a vehicle or other electric power consuming devices.

The invention is a hydrogen passivation shut down system for a fuel cell power plant (10). An anode flow path (24) is in fluid communication with an anode catalyst (14) for directing hydrogen fuel to flow adjacent to the anode catalyst (14), and a cathode flow path (38) is in fluid communication with a cathode catalyst (16) for directing an oxidant to flow adjacent to the cathode catalyst (16) of a fuel cell (12). Hydrogen fuel is permitted to transfer between the anode flow path (24) and the cathode flow path (38). A hydrogen reservoir (66) is secured in fluid communication with the anode flow path (24) for receiving and storing hydrogen during fuel cell (12) operation, and for releasing the hydrogen into fuel cell (12) whenever the fuel cell (12) is shut down.

The invention discloses a magnesium-based composite hydrogen storage material comprising the following compositions by weight percent: 1.0-10.0% of Al, 1.0-5.0% of Ni, and the balance of Mg. A preparation method thereof comprising the following steps: at first, smelting block-shaped metal Mg and Al by a medium frequency induction to prepare Mg17Al12 alloy which is crushed to 300 meshes; hydrogenising Mg powder at 340 DEG C under a hydrogen atmosphere of 4.0MPa to prepare MgH2; then blending Mg17Al12, MgH2, Ni powder in accordance with contents by weight percent for ball-grinding for 60 to 100 hours under an atmosphere of argon. The magnesium-based composite hydrogen storage material can reversely absorb and release hydrogen at low temperature, and has high hydrogen storage capacity, excellent activation performance and superior hydrogen absorbing and releasing kinetics property. The magnesium-based composite hydrogen storage material can be used for manufacturing hydrogen source to facilitate purification and storage and transportation of hydrogen, and can also used for hydrogen storage material for fuel cells.

Metal-N-based or metalloid-N-based materials absorb a substantial amount hydrogen and are useful as hydrogen storage materials for various applications such as hydrogen fuel cell technology.

The invention relates to hydrogen production and hydrogen storage technologies and materials, in particular to a catalyst for catalytic hydrolysis of borane for the hydrogen production and a preparation method thereof, thereby solving the problems that the direct application of powder catalyst in a catalytic hydrolysis solid-liquid reaction system can cause the loss of the catalyst, the catalytic hydrolysis reaction is difficult to control and the hydrolysis by-products are difficult to be recovered, etc. The catalyst is composed of an active component and a carrier; the active component is a binary, ternary or multinary alloy or a single precious metal or the combination thereof which is composed of one or more transition metals, rare earth metals or precious metals and metalloids; the active component is deposited on the carrier through the improved chemical plating technology, the surface thereof is rough and porous, and the structure of the prepared catalyst is the amorphous or the nanocrystalline structure. The preparation method has simple preparation process, high preparation efficiency and convenient large-scale preparation; the sources of the used raw materials are rich; the catalytic activity of the prepared supported catalyst is high, the real-time control of the catalytic hydrolysis reaction of the borane can be realized, the catalytic performance is stable, and the catalyst can be repeatedly used for a plurality of times.

Processes are provided for the storage and release of hydrogen by means of a substantially reversible catalytic hydrogenation of extended pi-conjugated substrates which include large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with nitrogen heteroatoms, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with oxygen heteroatoms, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with alkyl, alkoxy, nitrile, ketone, ether or polyether substituents, pi-conjugated molecules comprising 5 membered rings, pi-conjugated molecules comprising six and five membered rings with nitrogen or oxygen hetero atoms, and extended pi-conjugated organic polymers. The hydrogen, contained in the at least partially hydrogenated form of the extended pi-conjugated system, can be facilely released for use by a catalytic dehydrogenation of the latter in the presence of a dehydrogenation catalyst which can be effected by lowering the hydrogen gas pressure, generally to pressures greater than 0.1 bar or raising the temperature to less than 250° C. or less, or by a combination of these two process parameters.

The invention relates to a gas filling system for a high-pressure hydrogen filling station, which comprises a control system, a sampling system, a filling system, an alarm system and a nitrogen purging system, and is the gas filling system which can collect hydrogen sample of the hydrogen filling station and fill high-pressure hydrogen for fuel cell powered vehicles. The gas filling system has the functions of temperature automatic compensation of filling measurement, selectable gas taking procedure in three-stage order, reasonable control of filling rate, alarm of hydrogen leakage and automatic power-down, pulling out prevention and automatic static release in the filling process, overpressure protection of the system, and so on. The sampling points are designed at the tail end of the whole flow of the hydrogen filling station, so that the acquired hydrogen sample can have more representativeness in quality; and through the design of pressure regulation treatment on the high-pressure hydrogen for sampling, the sampling operation is more simple, convenient and quick, and a regular gas sampling steel bottle can also be used together, thereby the sampling cost is low. The gas filling system can improve the gas taking rate of the hydrogen filling station and ensure that the temperature rise of a filled vehicle hydrogen storage tank is strictly controlled within the required temperature range in the quick hydrogen filling process.

The invention discloses a metal catalyst based on a metal organic framework as well as a preparation method and application thereof. Metal salt and organic ligand are used for preparing the metal organic framework (MOF), and then the MOF is used as a precursor to be reduced to obtain the metal catalyst. The catalyst based on the MOF in the invention has high catalytic activity, good circularity and excellent catalytic property while being used as the catalyst of NH3BH3 hydrolysis hydrogen discharging reaction, thus having significant application value and wide application prospect in the field of catalyst and hydrogen storage technology.

The invention disclosed relates to porous carbon of spherical morphology having tuned porosity and to a method of making same, comprising: (a) providing a precursor solution, by combining in an aqueous solution a colloidal silica template material and a water-soluble pyrolyzable carbon source, wherein the particle size of the colloidal silica template and the colloidal silica / carbon source weight ratio are controlled, (b) atomizing the precursor solution into small droplets by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (c) directing the droplets into a high temperature furnace operating at a temperature of 700-1200° C., under an inert gas atmosphere, where the droplets are transformed into solid spherical composite carbon / silica particles, (d) collecting the resulting composite carbon / silica particles exiting from the furnace, and (e) removing the silica from the particles, to provide substantially pure porous carbon of spherical morphology having tuned porosity defined by surface area and pore size. The porous carbon according to the invention is used as catalyst supports in PEM fuel cells, as electrodes in supercapacitors and lithium in batteries, for hydrogen storage and as earners for drug delivering.

The invention relates to a hydrogen preparation method by hydrolyzing aluminum alloy, in particular to an aluminum alloy which can be hydrolyzed to make hydrogen and a preparation method thereof. The alloy consists of simple-substance metal aluminum, metal bismuth, metals with low melting point and water-soluble compound; according to weight percentage, the content of the metal bismuth is 8 to 50 percent, low melting point metal is 0 to 15 percent, water soluble compound is 1 to 40 percent and metal aluminum is 40 to 90 percent. The method of the invention reduces reaction temperature of aluminum hydrolysis, speeds up reaction rate of aluminum hydrolysis, enhances hydrogen yield rate, simplifies reaction devices as well as reduces hydrogen storage cost. The aluminum alloy prepared by the method of the invention is portable easily, is capable of preparing and providing hydrogen at any time and is applicable to providing humid hydrogen for fuel cells.

A method for quick filling a vehicle hydrogen storage vessel with hydrogen, the key component of which is an algorithm used to control the fill process, which interacts with the hydrogen dispensing apparatus to determine the vehicle hydrogen storage vessel capacity.

Carbon nanoflakes, methods of making the nanoflakes, and applications of the carbon nanoflakes are provided. In some embodiments, the carbon nanoflakes are carbon nanosheets, which are less than 2 nm thick. The carbon nanoflakes may be made using RF-PECVD. Carbon nanoflakes may be useful as field emitters, for hydrogen storage applications, for sensors, and as catalyst supports.

The invention relates to a method for synthesizing graphene oxide by an ultrasonic assistance Hummers method. The method for synthesizing the graphene oxide includes the steps as follows: firstly adding ultrasonic oscillation in low-temperature and middle-temperature reaction stages of the Hummers method to improve the intercalation efficiency and the oxidation degree of graphite oxide; secondly slowly dropping mixed liquor containing concentrated sulphuric acid into low-temperature deionized water to increase temperature when high-temperature reaction begins, thus effectively preventing intercalated materials such as sulphuric acid molecules and the like from rapidly escaping from graphite layers due to overhigh local temperature; and finally obtaining the graphite oxide through low-speed centrifugation. The method for synthesizing the graphene oxide by using the ultrasonic assistance Hummers method is convenient and fast, saves resources, and can effectively increase spacings of graphite oxide layers. The prepared graphene oxide can serve as a wild phase of a composite material and papyraceous laminated graphite oxide based composite material with high mechanical property and the like can be prepared. The reduction product graphene can be used for preparing graphene-based composite materials such as transparent electrodes, super capacitors, hydrogen storage materials, chemical / biological sensors, thin film transistors and the like.

The invention relates to materials for storing and releasing hydrogen and methods for preparing and using same. The materials exhibit fast release rates at low release temperatures and are suitable as fuel and / or hydrogen sources for a variety of applications such as automobile engines.

A core-shell composition for gas storage, comprising a hollow or porous core and a shell comprising a nanocomposite. The nanocomposite is composed of an exfoliated layered filler dispersed in a matrix material, which provides high mechanical strength to hold a high pressure gas such as hydrogen and high resistance to gas permeation. Alternatively, the porous core may contain a plurality of cavities selected from the group consisting of shell-hollow core micro-spheres, shell-porous core micro-spheres, and combinations thereof. These core-shell compositions, each capable of containing a great amount of hydrogen gas, can be used to store and feed hydrogen to fuel cells that supply electricity to apparatus such as portable electronic devices, automobiles, and unmanned aerial vehicles where mass is a major concern. A related method of storing and releasing hydrogen gas in or out of a plurality of core-shell compositions is also disclosed.

A nickel-metal hydride secondary battery comprising electrode group comprising positive electrode comprised mainly of nickel hydroxide, negative electrode comprised mainly of a hydrogen storage alloy, and separator being disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the electrode group is sealed in battery casing, together with an alkali electrolyte liquid, wherein, in the battery, a W element and an Na element are present simultaneously. The nickel-metal hydride secondary battery of the present invention is advantageous not only in that it exhibits high utilization of the active material and excellent self-discharge characteristics in a high temperature storage as well as high charging efficiency in a high temperature environment, but also in that it has excellent large current discharge characteristics.

The invention relates to a hydrogen storage material, in particular to a load porous metal organic hydrogen storage material, being a load metal-porous metal organic compound composite material. The hydrogen storage material is made according to the following steps: (1) inorganic salt and organic acid are used as reagents, water or an organic solvent is adopted, a porous metal organic compound is prepared by a hydro-thermal synthesis method or a solvent-thermal synthesis method; (2) the porous material is loaded by soluble metal salt; the load metal-porous metal organic compound composite material is made by adopting a liquid phase method or a hydrogen reducing method; the loading amount of the metal is 2 to 20 percent of the mass of the composite material. The hydrogen storage material has simple preparation process and low cost; the chemical modification of the organic frame material of the porous metal can effectively improve the hydrogen absorbing and releasing performance of the material under a moderate condition, thereby providing a novel hydrogen storage material which realizes good hydrogen absorbing and releasing under the moderate condition.

The invention provides a high-pressure hydrogen supply system for an external supplying type hydrogen filling station, which can fill hydrogen fuel for fuel cell powered vehicles. The hydrogen supply system mainly comprises a pipe bundle hydrogen conveying vehicle, a fixed high-pressure hydrogen storage tank group, a parallel multi-compressor pressurizing system, a high-pressure hydrogen filling system, and a data acquiring, processing and safety monitoring system. The high-pressure hydrogen supply system takes the pipe bundle hydrogen conveying vehicle as a part of a hydrogen storage container of the hydrogen filling station and makes the pipe bundle hydrogen conveying vehicle a first stage of the staged hydrogen storage container, adopts the pressurizing system consisting of multiple compressors which are connected in parallel, and introduces the data acquiring, processing and safety monitoring system. The high-pressure hydrogen supply system has the advantages of adjustable hydrogen storage volume, large operation flexibility, cost conservation, convenient maintenance, high service efficiency and so on.

A combined plant is provided. The combined plant of continuously supplying hydrogen and nitrogen to an ammonia synthesis facility that continuously synthesizes ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen, the combined plant including: a hydrogen production facility for acquiring solar energy and producing hydrogen by utilizing a part of the acquired solar energy; a nitrogen production facility for producing nitrogen from air and supplying the nitrogen to the ammonia synthesis facility; and a hydrogen storage facility for storing the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production facility and supplying the produced hydrogen to the ammonia synthesis facility.