852 results about "Gas leak" patented technology

A method for locating gas leaks from underground gas pipelines in which a first acoustic sensor having a first signal output is positioned in ground disposed substantially above or at a distance from the underground gas pipeline. At least one second acoustic sensor having a second signal output is positioned in the ground at a plurality of locations substantially above the underground gas pipeline. The output signals from the acoustic sensors are measured for each location of the second acoustic sensor and the signals are adaptively filtered to remove common noise signal components. The statistical minima of these rms voltages are determined for both the first output signal and the adaptively filtered second output signals and the differences determined. The location of the second acoustic sensor corresponding to the largest positive said difference is the location closest to the leak site.

A system is described that is suitable for use in determining the location of leaks of gases having a background concentration. The system is a point-wise backscatter absorption gas measurement system that measures absorption and distance to each point of an image. The absorption measurement provides an indication of the total amount of a gas of interest, and the distance provides an estimate of the background concentration of gas. The distance is measured from the time-of-flight of laser pulse that is generated along with the absorption measurement light. The measurements are formated into an image of the presence of gas in excess of the background. Alternatively, an image of the scene is superimosed on the image of the gas to aid in locating leaks. By further modeling excess gas as a plume having a known concentration profile, the present system provides an estimate of the maximum concentration of the gas of interest.

A leak tester which detects leakage of a gas from a measured object, the leak tester including a source of a pressurized gas which supplies the pressurized gas, a differential pressure detecting section which detects a pressure difference between the pressure of a gas in the measured object and the pressure of a pressurized gas supplied by the source of the pressurized gas, and a pressure adjusting section which makes the pressure of the pressurized gas supplied by the source of the pressurized gas constant.

Apparatus for routine monitoring and automatic reporting of electrical power and gas utility usage also provides means for detecting and reporting to the relevant utility companies, fire department, and other emergency responders the development of local hazards on premises at which one or more utility usage meters are installed, including the occurrence of a fire, a gas leak, or any other circumstances such as medical emergencies that demand fast response. Such reporting can include automatic reporting of both zero or excess electrical current draw or zero or excess gas usage. The system is clock driven, fully programmable, and expandable to such other types of sensors as would detect and report on such circumstances as the presence of noxious materials as in a chem / bio attack. A permanent record of all reported events is made.

An instrument and method for analyzing a gas leak. The instrument can obtain a time series of spectra from a scene. The instrument can compare spectra from different times to determine a property of a gas cloud within the scene. The instrument can estimate the column density of the gas cloud at one or more locations within the scene. The instrument can estimate the total quantity of gas in the cloud. The instrument can estimate the amount of gas which has left the field of view of the instrument. The instrument can also estimate the amount of gas in the cloud which has dropped below the sensitivity limit of the instrument.

Measurement approaches and data analysis methods are disclosed for combining 3D topographic data with spatially-registered gas concentration data to increase the efficiency of gas monitoring and leak detection tasks. Here, the metric for efficiency is defined as reducing the measurement time required to achieve the detection, or non-detection, of a gas leak with a desired confidence level. Methods are presented for localizing and quantifying detected gas leaks. Particular attention is paid to the combination of 3D spatial data with path-integrated gas concentration measurements acquired using remote gas sensing technologies, as this data can be used to determine the path-averaged gas concentration between the sensor and points in the measurement scene. Path-averaged gas concentration data is useful for finding and quantifying localized regions of elevated (or anomalous) gas concentration making it ideal for a variety of applications including: oil and gas pipeline monitoring, facility leak and emissions monitoring, and environmental monitoring.

A portable thermography camera system (100) renders a video image of a survey scene over a narrow spectral bandwidth corresponding with an absorption band of a gas to be detected in the video image. The camera system forms a scene image onto a focal plane array (108) and generates a corrected image signal (162) corresponding with irradiance values at a plurality of locations of the scene image. The camera system further generates a temporally filtered image signal (168) corresponding with a temporal characteristics of the image signal (162) over a selected number of prior image frames. A difference block (166) reduces the temporally filtered image signal (168) by a scaling factor and produces a difference image by subtracting the scaled temporally filtered image signal from the corrected image signal (162). The displayed difference signal improves the visibility of the gas to be detected.

Embodiments of the pertinent invention relates to apparatus, systems and methods for diagnostic testing of an electrochemical cell stack, such as a fuel cell stack or an electrolyzer cell stack. According to one embodiment, the apparatus comprises a multiplexer for switching current to one or more cells in the electrochemical cell stack, a voltage monitor for monitoring the voltage between the anode plate and the cathode plate of one or more cells, a power supply module for supplying power to the multiplexer and a gas supply module for supplying fuel gas and non-fuel gas to the electrochemical cell stack. The apparatus further comprises a control module electrically connected to and configured to control the multiplexer, the voltage monitor, the power supply module and the gas supply module to conduct automatic diagnostic testing of the electrochemical cell stack. The control module is further configured to determine, through the diagnostic testing, whether the electrochemical cell stack has one or more gas leaks. If one or more gas leaks is detected, the control module determines which of the one or more cells is affected by the gas leak. The control module is further configured to determine a degree of crossover of electrochemical reactant through the membrane of each cell and whether any of these cells is likely to be short-circuited.

The invention is directed to improved systems, methods, and computer readable media for detecting gas leaks. More particularly, the invention detects gas leaks or discharges, such as methane or any other suitable gases, by analyzing reflected or direct light that passes through a region of enhanced target gas concentration. The invention collects light and processes spectral data of the light. All molecules are subject to rotational motions, vibrational motions, and / or combinations thereof (rovibrational motions), in which the atoms in the molecule are vibrating with respect to each other and / or rotating around each other. When the light passes through the region of the target gas, a portion of the light with certain wavelengths will be absorbed by the target gas due to the rovibrational motions of the target gas molecules. By analyzing the magnitude of absorption at certain wavelengths, one can determine the concentration of certain target gas or gases.

The invention discloses a test device for high-pressure combustible gas leakage spontaneous combustion and shock wave induction ignition. The whole test device comprises a test gas bottle, a nitrogen gas bottle, a high-pressure ventilating pipeline, a pressure stabilization valve, an electromagnetic valve, a pressure gauge, a vacuum pump, a high-pressure storage tank, a pressure transducer, an ICP (inductively coupled plasma) pressure sensor, a photoelectric diode, a rupture disk clamp (in which a rupture disk is arranged), downstream pipelines, a schlieren, a high-speed camera, a protection box, an air compressor and the like. The device can be used for (1) researching the influence of factors, such as different leakage pressures, shapes, lengths and diameters of different downstream pipelines, the gas initial temperature, a breakage shape of the rupture disk and obstacles outside an orifice, on the spontaneous combustion ignition, and further completing a spontaneous combustion ignition mechanism; (2) researching a shock wave induction ignition process and disclosing a shock wave induction ignition mechanism and influence factors thereof; (3) realizing the visible research on spontaneous combustion ignition and shock wave induction processes.

The invention discloses a device and method for checking SF6 gas leakage monitoring and alarming apparatuses. The device comprises precise electronic mass flow meters, solenoids, an air pump, a pressure controller, a quick connector, rotor flow meters, a control unit, a human-computer interface, a flow control valve and a connecting pipe. The high-concentration SF6 standard gas and air are mixed by the electronic mass flow meters and are diluted into the required SF6 standard gas with different concentrations and oxygen so as to achieve the requirements for accuracy and repeatability of detection of the monitoring and alarming apparatuses for checking the SF6 gas leakage. The device of the invention can avoid carrying plenty of steel cylinders for SF6 standard gases and diluent gases, has the characteristics of simpleness, rapidness, accuracy and high degree of automation and provides great convenience for checking the SF6 gas leakage monitoring and alarming apparatuses on site.

A system is described that is suitable for use in determining the location of leaks of gases having a background concentration. The system is a point-wise backscatter absorption gas measurement system that measures absorption and distance to each point of an image. The absorption measurement provides an indication of the total amount of a gas of interest, and the distance provides an estimate of the background concentration of gas. The distance is measured from the time-of-flight of laser pulse that is generated along with the absorption measurement light. The measurements are formatted into an image of the presence of gas in excess of the background. Alternatively, an image of the scene is superimposed on the image of the gas to aid in locating leaks. By further modeling excess gas as a plume having a known concentration profile, the present system provides an estimate of the maximum concentration of the gas of interest.

The present invention relates to the use of microbial biofilms and microbial induction of calcium carbonate precipitation to sequester gases in underground geological formations. In one embodiment, methods of the invention can be used to prevent the leakage of supercritical CO2 in underground geological formations such as aquifers.

An apparatus and process for measuring the concentration of hydrogen gas being transferred through a nozzle from a source container to a destination container and for providing an alert and / or taking action where hydrogen gas leaks may create an unsafe condition. The invention can accurately and reproducibly respond to and measure the absolute hydrogen gas concentration within the nozzle housing using hydrogen gas sensors that are selective only to hydrogen, which do not require the presence of oxygen to operate and which do not saturate when hydrogen safety levels are reached. These sensors are positioned inside the nozzle housing to allow for the direct and immediate knowledge of the presence of hydrogen gas that cannot be safely determined by other means. An apparatus and process for detecting leaks of liquid hydrogen through a nozzle during transfer of liquid hydrogen from a source container to a destination container are also discussed.

The invention discloses a positioning method for a hazardous gas leakage diffusion accident source, and belongs to the technical field of public security emergency monitoring. The technical scheme employed by the invention is that a diffusion prediction model and monitoring sensor collection data are combined, and reverse calculation on gas source parameters is carried out, so that the error between a prediction model calculation value and a monitoring value can be minimized. The gas source positioning method comprises following steps: 1. monitoring the deployment of sensor arrays; 2. acquiring meteorology monitoring data; 3. establishing a standard wind direction coordinate system; 4. selecting gas concentration monitoring data; 5. performing optimal calculation on gas source position parameters; and 6. transforming gas source geographic position coordinates. By employing the gas leakage diffusion source positioning method, the regional hazardous gas leakage diffusion source can be rapidly and accurately positioned, and timely and effective decision supports can be provided for emergency response departments.

A leak detection system performs actions based upon the type and location of the detected leak. A plurality of sensors and sensor types are used at various locations in a building where leaks are likely to occur. Upon detection of a leak, a sensor transmits an RF signal identifying the sensor. A controller receives the RF signal and performs actions associated with the identifier for the sensor. Actions may include selectively closing or opening valves and electrical connections. Notifications are also sent by the system to building owners or occupants.

A method and apparatus for ensuring against explosion of the gaseous atmosphere of a closed chamber, such as the QDCD room of an internal turret of an offshore production and offloading buoy wherein the closed chamber has production risers and conduit connectors that represent a potential source of flammable gas. The method comprises mixing and diluting the oxidant content of the air by introducing within the closed chamber a sufficient quantity of inert gas to render the mixture of the air and any flammable gas non-combustible regardless of the flammable gas content of the mixture. The method includes removal of the non-combustible mixture of air and any flammable gas from the closed chamber by purging thereof to the natural atmosphere, while introducing inert gas, thereby leaving a substantially inert atmosphere within the closed chamber. The turret system provides for control of the gaseous atmosphere within the closed chamber at all modes of turret operation, including the idle, on-line and ventilation modes and also provides for gas pressure control to accommodate normal operating conditions and conditions of gas leakage into the chamber.

Presented herein are systems and methods directed to a multispectral absorption-based imaging approach that provides for rapid and accurate detection, localization, and quantification of gas leaks. The imaging technology described herein utilizes a scanning optical sensor in combination with structured and scannable illumination to detect and image spectral signatures produced by absorption of light by leaking gas in a quantitative manner over wide areas, at distance, and in the presence of background such as ambient gas and vapor. Moreover, the specifically structured and scannable illumination source of the systems and methods described herein provides a consistent source of illumination for the scanning optical sensor, allowing imaging to be performed even in the absence of sufficient natural light, such as sunlight. The imaging approaches described herein can, accordingly, be used for a variety of gas leak detection, emissions monitoring, and safety applications.

The invention discloses a gas pumping fixing occluder and a use method thereof. A three-hole pipe penetrates through three bags, a recyclable grouting pipe is communicated with a grouting channel of the three-hole pipe by a drainage device; a gas leaking handling pipe is communicated with a gas leaking handling channel of the three-hole pipe by a drainage device; a grouting hole of the drainage device and a grouting communicating small hole of the three-hole pipe are coaxial by a grouting small hole; a gas leaking handling hole of the drainage device and a gas leaking handling communicating small hole of the three-hole pipe are coaxial by a gas leaking handling small hole; check valves are arranged at the grouting channel in the three bags; a pressure check valve is mounted on the grouting channel between the No.2 bag and the No.3 bag. According to the gas pumping fixing occluder and the use method thereof, more effective grouting sealing can be realized on drill holes of a hole sealing section, generation of coal wall seams around drill holes at the hole sealing section can be more effectively avoided, and the occluder can also fill extremely small coal seams, so the hole sealing effect is optimal.

A leak detection and control system provides for remote user control of devices in responding to detected leaks of other problems. A plurality of sensors and sensor types are used at various locations in a building where leaks are likely to occur. Upon detection of a leak, a sensor sends an RF signal identifying the sensor. A controller receives the RF signal and performs actions associated with the identifier for the sensor. Actions may include selectively closing or opening valves and electrical connections. Notifications are also sent by the system to building owners, occupants, maintenance personnel or operators. An operator can contact the controller from a remote location via a telephone system or a network to check status and to activate devices.

A system is described that is suitable for use in determining the location of leaks of gases having a background concentration. The system is a point-wise backscatter absorption gas measurement system that measures absorption and distance to each point of an image. The absorption measurement provides an indication of the total amount of a gas of interest, and the distance provides an estimate of the background concentration of gas. The distance is measured from the time-of-flight of laser pulse that is generated along with the absorption measurement light. The measurements are formated into an image of the presence of gas in excess of the background. Alternatively, an image of the scene is superimosed on the image of the gas to aid in locating leaks. By further modeling excess gas as a plume having a known concentration profile, the present system provides an estimate of the maximum concentration of the gas of interest.

The present invention relates to a centrifugal compressor using a dry gas seal system for protecting seal means. A multistage centrifugal compressor has primary dry gas seal means for preventing leakage of working gas from a machine inner side, and secondary dry gas seal means for backing up the first dry gas seal means. A seal gas line for introducing the gas leaked from the first and second dry gas seal means to the outside of the machine is installed between the primary dry gas seal means and the secondary dry gas seal means. The gas seal line has an orifice and a check valve, and buffer means is installed between the orifice and the check valve.

An apparatus for detecting fuel-vapor gas leaks that includes a jet pump (8) that introduces outside air into and pressurizes a vapor purge system including a fuel tank (1) by gasoline flow from a fuel pump (2); an internal pressure sensor (14) for measuring vapor purge system internal pressure, an open / close controllable reference orifice (21) that causes leakage through a reference leak hole; and a storage device for storing as an initial curve pressure changes during pressurization by the jet pump (8) for a predetermined time period, with the reference orifice (21) alone opened. The device can accurately detect leakage even while an internal combustion engine is running because it judges leak presence / absence by comparing a time series in a pressure curve obtained by jet pump (8) pressurization over the predetermined time period while idling with the vapor purge system completely shut-off, with a time series in the initial curve.

The invention provides a method for the leak detection of an anesthesia machine system. The method comprises the following steps that: each gas passage of the anesthesia machine system, which is communicated with outside, is closed, and the anesthesia machine system becomes a closed containing cavity; an inspiratory valve is opened, the anesthesia machine system is inflated, and simultaneously, a pressure sensor of the gas passages is utilized to monitor the internal pressure of the anesthesia machine system at real time; when the internal pressure of the anesthesia machine system reaches a preset value, the inspiratory valve is closed, and inflation is stopped; the current internal pressure of the anesthesia machine system is detected; the internal pressure of the anesthesia machine system is detected again after a preset time; the decreased pressure difference of the internal pressure of the anesthesia machine system is calculated; and a corresponding data table of the pressure difference and the leak quantity is looked up according to the pressure difference, and the leak quantity leaked by the anesthesia machine system is calculated. The method can accurately detect the gas leak quantity leaked by the anesthesia machine system, and can enhance the moisture control and the monitoring accuracy of the anesthesia machine simultaneously.

PCT No. PCT / GB96 / 02571 Sec. 371 Date May 12, 1998 Sec. 102(e) Date May 12, 1998 PCT Filed Oct. 17, 1996 PCT Pub. No. WO97 / 14944 PCT Pub. Date Apr. 24, 1997A method and apparatus for testing a fluid conduit system for leaks. The apparatus is connected to an isolated section of a domestic fuel gas system which is suspected of leaking. The apparatus determines over recorded time periods the pressure drop in the system as a result of the actual gas leak and subsequently the pressure drop in the system as a result of an actual leak plus the leakage through an introduced artificial and calibrated orifice provided by the apparatus. The data is used in an equation for calculating the actual leakage rate from the system. This method avoids the need to repressurize the system between pressure drop measurements or having to know or assume the volume of the system being tested.

A method and kit for repairing a gas leak in a pipe containing natural gas. The natural gas repair kit includes a leak sealant, a pressure sealant, and an encapsulator. The method for repairing the gas leak includes the act of applying a leak sealant over the leak in the pipe. The method further includes the act of wrapping a pressure sealant around the pipe near the leak. The pressure sealant should enclose and contact the leak sealant. Additionally, an encapsulator should be wrapped around the pipe near the leak. The encapsulator should contact the pressure sealant and the pipe.

The invention provides a high-efficiency high pressure gas leak detection method, comprising the generation process of high pressure tracer gas and the detection process of the leak tightness of a joint on a device or a pipeline by the high pressure tracer gas; in the generation process, a container is filled with quantitative tracer gas, then liquid with pressure is led into the container, and the liquid is used for compressing the tracer gas to facilitate the pressure of the tracer gas to be raised to a set pressure value so as to turn into constant pressure tracer gas; in the detection process, inner confined space and outer confined space are established on the joint to be detected on the device or the pipeline to be detected, the inner confined space is at least provided with an inlet for injecting the constant pressure tracer gas, the outer confined space is provided with a port which is connected with a detector, and whether the tracer gas leaking from the inner confined space exists in the outer confined space is detected by the detector. The invention finds a very reliable method for petroleum industry field high pressure gas detection and achieves the aim of field leak detection by combining various processes.

The invention discloses a rapid simulation method of leakage of a high-sulfur natural gas gathering and transportation device for a marine gas field. Through analysis of leakage and diffusion distribution laws of high-sulfur natural gas in a densely populated area and optimization of a Gaussian diffusion model parameter selection method, a leakage and diffusion simulation procedure for sulfur-containing natural gas in a gathering and transportation pipeline and natural gas contained in a desulfurization device in a purification plant is acquired, and the gas leakage and diffusion result is rapidly simulated. A Gaussian model is selected, the influences of the ground roughness, the atmospheric stability and the leakage amount on gas leakage and diffusion are sufficiently considered, related parameters are corrected in combination with surroundings of a well field, the leakage and diffusion result under the four conditions of leakage of a sulfur-containing natural gas gathering and transportation pipeline, leakage of hydrogen-sulfide-containing pregnant solutions of the desulfurization device in the purification plant, leakage of hydrogen-sulfide-containing pregnant solutions of pipelines and gas leakage of pipelines of a station is rapidly and quantitatively simulated, and the longest distance that hydrogen sulfide with the concentration being 100 ppm and 1,000 ppm can reach after leakage and diffusion is obtained.

An instrument and method for analyzing a gas leak. The instrument can obtain a time series of spectra from a scene. The instrument can compare spectra from different times to determine a property of a gas cloud within the scene. The instrument can estimate the column density of the gas cloud at one or more locations within the scene. The instrument can estimate the total quantity of gas in the cloud. The instrument can estimate the amount of gas which has left the field of view of the instrument. The instrument can also estimate the amount of gas in the cloud which has dropped below the sensitivity limit of the instrument.

A chemochromic sensor for detecting a combustible gas, such as hydrogen, includes a chemochromic pigment mechanically mixed with a polymer and formed into a rigid or pliable material. In a preferred embodiment, the chemochromic detector includes aerogel material. The detector is robust and easily modifiable for a variety of applications and environmental conditions, such as atmospheres of inert gas, hydrogen gas, or mixtures of gases, or in environments that have variable temperature, including high temperatures such as above 100° C. and low temperatures such as below −196° C.