1562 results about "Liquid hydrogen" patented technology

An aircraft thermal management system comprising a high temperature loop and a low temperature loop. The high temperature loop is configured to manage a temperature of a fuel cell stack in a nacelle using a nacelle heat exchanger. The low temperature loop is configured to cool a number of heat loads in a nacelle using a heat capacity of liquid hydrogen.

An aircraft comprises a fuselage; wings; engines connected to the wings; a set of liquid hydrogen tanks; a vent located on the tail on the fuselage; a conduit system connecting the liquid hydrogen tanks to the vent; and a controller. The controller is configured to control the conduit system to remove gaseous hydrogen in the set of liquid hydrogen tanks to travel through the conduit system and exit at the vent in response to pressure in the set of liquid hydrogen tanks being greater than a specified tolerance.

The invention relates to a cathode closed type air-cooled fuel cell for an unmanned aerial vehicle and a working method of the cathode closed type air-cooled fuel cell. The fuel cell comprises a hydrogen supply subsystem, an oxygen supply subsystem, a cooling path subsystem and an electric pile, the hydrogen supply subsystem and the oxygen supply subsystem complete heat exchange between liquid hydrogen and high-temperature air through a liquid hydrogen vaporizer, and the effects of liquid hydrogen vaporization and high-temperature air cooling are achieved. By arranging the first vortex tube to replace a traditional pressure reducing valve, potential energy of vaporized high-pressure hydrogen is recovered by the first vortex tube, the vaporized high-pressure hydrogen is separated into cold flow and hot flow in the first vortex tube, and the hot flow partially enters an end plate of the galvanic pile to heat the end plate, so that the temperature distribution in the galvanic pile is optimized, and the voltage consistency between single cells is improved; therefore, the performance and durability of the stack are improved. When the fuel cell is used for the unmanned aerial vehicle, the fan of the fuel cell is also used as a propeller of the unmanned aerial vehicle, so that the system integration level is increased.

A fuel system for a hydrogen fueled gas turbine engine comprises a main hydrogen fuel storage unit configured to store liquid hydrogen. The main fuel storage unit comprises an ullage space configured to store ullage fluid comprising gaseous or supercritical hydrogen. The system further comprises a liquid hydrogen drain line configured to provide liquid hydrogen from the main hydrogen fuel storage unit to a fuel conduit, the fuel conduit being configured to supply hydrogen fuel to a combustor of the gas turbine engine. A priming line is provided, which is configured to provide ullage fluid to the fuel conduit, and a priming valve is configured to selectively control flow through the priming line.

The invention discloses a hydrogen supply and energy storage device which comprises a hydrogen storage tank body, a gaseous hydrogen storage tank is installed in the hydrogen storage tank body, a liquid hydrogen storage tank is installed on the hydrogen storage tank body, a supporting plate is fixedly connected to the hydrogen storage tank body, and a cooling liquid storage box is installed at the top end of the supporting plate. A transverse plate is fixedly connected to the side wall of the cooling liquid storage box, metal cooling fins are arranged on the side wall of the transverse plate, and the cooling device further comprises a cooling circulation assembly and an air blowing cleaning assembly. A motor drives a first sector gear to rotate, the first sector gear is alternately engaged with a transmission gear and a driven gear, so that a rotating shaft drives metal heat dissipation fins to rotate for heat dissipation, and meanwhile, the driven gear drives cooling liquid to circularly flow in a sealing pipe, a cooling pipe and a liquid inlet pipe through a connecting rod and a piston rod; and cold airflow generated by the fan is used for dissipating heat of the hydrogen conveying pipe, so that the heat dissipation effect is improved.

The utility model provides a vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen storage tank and a vehicle, and relates to the field of vehicle engineering technology. The vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen storage tank comprises: a tank body and a spiral rib installed inside the tank body, and the outer ring of the spiral rib is welded to the tank body. Compared with welding multiple baffles separately, the processing efficiency is higher, which is conducive to reducing the production cost of the liquid hydrogen storage tank. The spiral rib can separate the impact of liquid hydrogen, and can also separate the thermal stratification caused by heat leakage, shaking and flashing. The temperature difference of each divided part is small, and then the overall temperature difference is also small, which reduces the degree of thermal stratification to a certain extent, thereby achieving the technical effects of preventing liquid hydrogen from shaking and reducing the degree of thermal stratification.

The gradually-expanded printed circuit board type heat exchange inner core comprises a cover plate, a bottom plate, a cold side plate layer and a hot side plate layer, a cold side gradually-expanded channel is of a flow channel structure with the width gradually expanded, and the sectional area of a flow channel dynamically adapts to gas-liquid phase change and volume change. And pressure drop fluctuation and bubble aggregation caused by gas phase expansion are reduced, the shunt channels and the divergent channels are arranged in parallel, an inner wall porous structure is combined, medium distribution uniformity is optimized through graded distribution and surface wettability enhancement, and the flow stability is remarkably improved. The turbulent flow ribs are arranged in the heat exchange channel on the heat side, combination of heterogeneous working media such as supercritical CO2-water and liquid hydrogen-liquid oxygen is supported by destroying a heat boundary layer, inducing turbulent flow and strengthening convective heat exchange and phase change heat transfer, the heat exchanger can improve the heat exchange efficiency while reducing pressure drop, compactness, reliability and wide working condition adaptability are considered, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved. Two-phase flow optimization and efficient heat exchange are achieved, and the extreme heat exchange requirements in the fields of aerospace, new energy and the like are met.

The invention belongs to the technical field of aviation electric propulsion, and relates to a hydrogen fuel cell superconducting hybrid electric propulsion system based on hydrogen and helium heat exchange cooling, which is suitable for megawatt level branch aircrafts and comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank, a hydrogen and helium heat exchanger, a hydrogen fuel cell, a lithium battery, an inverter, a superconducting motor, a propeller and other core components. The liquid hydrogen storage tank vaporizes liquid hydrogen through the micro-channel plate type hydrogen-helium heat exchanger and stably supplies the vaporized liquid hydrogen to the hydrogen fuel cell to generate electric energy; helium is used for a low-temperature cooling loop and cooling key assemblies such as a superconducting motor, a low-temperature inverter, a superconducting cable and a hydrogen fuel cell, and it is ensured that the key assemblies stably operate at the optimal working temperature. The hydrogen fuel cell and the lithium battery cooperatively provide electric energy for the superconducting electric propulsion system, the integrated energy management controller dynamically adjusts the output power of the fuel cell and the lithium battery by adopting a state machine strategy, and accurate monitoring and optimal distribution of working parameters of all components are achieved. The optimal heat balance and power output are ensured to be realized in different flight stages such as takeoff, cruise and landing; according to the hydrogen fuel cell hybrid electric propulsion system based on hydrogen and helium heat exchange cooling, the power generation efficiency and the operation stability of the hydrogen fuel cell are remarkably improved, the overall energy conversion efficiency is improved, and the high-power and high-efficiency power extraction requirements of megawatt aircrafts are fully met.

The invention discloses a liquid hydrogen fuel energy power system and an airplane, and belongs to the technical field of liquid hydrogen airplane power device system integration. The system comprises a liquid hydrogen tank, a liquid hydrogen pipeline, a gas hydrogen pipeline, a heat conduction liquid circulation pipeline, an air pipeline, a hydrogen turbine engine power device, a fuel cell, a heating device, a primary heat exchanger, a secondary heat exchanger, a starter and an airborne power supply and distribution network. The system absorbs waste heat of a fuel cell and exhaust waste heat of an engine exhaust nozzle, liquid-gas-hydrogen conversion is achieved, and the problem of vaporization of liquid hydrogen fuel on a machine is effectively solved. Pressurized air is provided for the fuel cell through air entraining of an engine air compressor, waste heat of the fuel cell is absorbed through a first-stage heat exchanger, and the air side supply and heat dissipation functions of the fuel cell are achieved. According to the two-stage heat exchange device, fuel vaporization heating with different hydrogen fuel flow supply requirements is achieved according to the starting and stable operation processes, the system starting method solves the system starting heat source problem, and combined starting of the main power device and the auxiliary power device is achieved.

The utility model relates to a liquid hydrogen storage tank with a vaporizer. Comprising an inner shell used for containing liquid hydrogen; the pressurizing unit comprises a pressurizing pipeline, and a pressurizing valve, a pressurizer and a pressurizing and pressure regulating valve which are sequentially arranged on the pressurizing pipeline in the medium flowing direction; one end of the pressurizing pipeline is connected with the bottom end of the inner shell, and the other end is communicated with the gas-phase space of the inner shell; the pressurizing unit is used for maintaining the pressure of the inner shell at a first pressure; the air supply unit comprises an air supply pipeline, and an air supply valve, a vaporizer, a pressure reducing valve and a check valve which are sequentially arranged on the air supply pipeline in the medium flowing direction; one end of the gas supply pipeline is connected with the bottom end of the inner shell, and the other end is connected with external gas utilization equipment; the vaporizer is used for converting liquid hydrogen into hydrogen, and the pressure reducing valve is used for reducing the pressure of the gasified hydrogen to the pressure required by gas equipment; and the exhaust unit is communicated with the gas phase space of the inner shell and is used for exhausting the overpressure gas. According to the storage tank, gas supply parameters can be changed according to gas use requirements of users, and the applicability is high.

A hydrogen aircraft includes: an airframe including a fuselage and a wing; at least one propulsion system fixed to the airframe; a pressurized chamber disposed inside the fuselage; a pressure bulkhead that is disposed at a rear part of the pressurized chamber and has strength to withstand pressurization of the pressurized chamber; a hydrogen tank that is disposed in an accommodation section and stores liquid hydrogen, the accommodation section being installed behind the pressure bulkhead, outside the pressurized chamber, and inside the fuselage; and a supply line that supplies the liquid hydrogen stored in the hydrogen tank to the propulsion system.

The invention relates to a hydrogen supply system and a new energy automobile. The system comprises a liquid hydrogen module and a gas hydrogen module, wherein the liquid hydrogen module and the gas hydrogen module are used for respectively providing hydrogen and high-pressure hydrogen subjected to first pressurization treatment for a pressurization module; the first side of the recovery module is connected with the liquid hydrogen module, and the recovery module is used for receiving recovered gas hydrogen discharged by the liquid hydrogen module and obtaining pressurized recovered gas hydrogen; the second side of the recovery module is connected with the gas hydrogen module and is used for transmitting the pressurized recovered gas hydrogen to the gas hydrogen module; the pressurizing module is used for performing second pressurizing treatment and third pressurizing treatment on the hydrogen subjected to the first pressurizing treatment and the high-pressure hydrogen to obtain pressurized target hydrogen; the buffer module is used for supplying the supercharged target hydrogen to the engine module. By adopting the hydrogen supply system, under the condition of low liquid hydrogen storage pressure, the liquid hydrogen supply pressure can be effectively maintained, stable operation of a fuel cell is guaranteed, meanwhile, evaporated hydrogen of the liquid hydrogen system is recycled, the energy utilization rate is increased, and then the power and cruising ability of a vehicle are guaranteed.

To suppress hydrogen concentration in surrounding atmosphere to a determined reference value or less by detecting a change in the hydrogen concentration if liquefied hydrogen leaks.SOLUTION: A liquefied hydrogen pump system includes a liquefied hydrogen pump and a control device, and the liquefied hydrogen pump includes a cylinder, a piston, a rod, a drive part, and a seal part. The seal part includes a first seal member, a second seal member provided with an interval in the direction of separating from the piston an axial direction with respect to the first seal member, a flow passage part, one end of which communicates with a gap between the rod and the cylinder and the other end of which opens to the outside of the cylinder, and an information acquisition part for acquiring information on hydrogen concentration in a fluid flowing to the outside of the cylinder through the flow passage part. The control device stops the operation of the liquefied hydrogen pump in the case of determining that hydrogen concentration in the fluid exceeds a preset reference value on the basis of information on the acquired hydrogen concentration.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

The invention relates to the technical field of liquid hydrogen storage and transportation, and discloses a liquid hydrogen container heat insulation performance rapid detection method, which comprises: S1, measuring the specification of a liquid hydrogen container and the initial state parameter in the liquid hydrogen container; s2, calculating initial parameters of liquid hydrogen and hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen container; s3, the change rate of the state parameters in the liquid hydrogen container is measured, and the final state parameters in the liquid hydrogen container are monitored; s4, calculating final parameters of liquid hydrogen and hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen container; s5, calculating the evaporation mass flow rate of the gas-liquid interface of the liquid hydrogen container according to the change rate of the state parameters in the liquid hydrogen container; s6, the thermodynamic energy change rate of hydrogen and liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen container is calculated; s7, calculating the total internal energy change of the liquid hydrogen container, and calculating the total heat transfer amount of the gas phase and the liquid phase of the liquid hydrogen container; and S8, comparing the total heat transfer amount of the gas phase and the liquid phase of the liquid hydrogen container with standard static evaporation rate data to obtain the heat insulation performance of the liquid hydrogen container. The detection method has the characteristics that hydrogen does not need to be discharged, and the detection precision and safety are improved.

The invention discloses a liquid hydrogen container heat leakage prediction and boost characteristic detection method and system. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a three-dimensional heat flow field model of a liquid hydrogen container; calculating the heat flow density of a gas-liquid interface based on the three-dimensional heat flow field model so as to adjust the liquid hydrogen evaporation capacity; total heat leakage is obtained through finite element simulation and experimental data collaborative calibration; calculating a static evaporation rate according to the total heat leakage; establishing a nonlinear mapping model of the static evaporation rate and the boost rate through a response surface regression method; the wall temperature distribution of the liquid hydrogen container is monitored in real time, thermophysical parameters are calibrated through the LSTM neural network by adopting a dynamic calibration algorithm, and the output result of the three-dimensional heat flow field model is corrected. By establishing a three-dimensional heat flow field model of the liquid hydrogen container, determining a nonlinear response relationship between the evaporation rate and the pressure rising rate of the liquid hydrogen container, and constructing a cloud-edge collaborative detection system, the heat leakage performance of the liquid hydrogen container is accurately predicted, and efficient pressure rising rate detection is realized.

An aircraft includes a fuselage, a wing connected to the fuselage, an engine connected to the wing, and a liquid hydrogen tank. Each of the engines includes a nacelle, an electric motor within the nacelle, a fuel cell stack within the nacelle, and a nacelle heat exchanger within the nacelle that receives air flowing through a nacelle inlet. The liquid hydrogen tank is configured to store liquid hydrogen, wherein the liquid hydrogen tank extends along an exterior of the fuselage and above the wings and below a window in the fuselage.

The invention discloses 15Ni steel for an ultralow-temperature liquid hydrogen storage tank and a preparation method of the 15Ni steel, and belongs to the technical field of metallurgy. The 15Ni steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.02%-0.07% of C, 0.10%-0.30% of Si, 0.20%-0.80% of Mn, 0.15%-0.30% of Mo, 0.020%-0.050% of Al, 12.5%-15.5% of Ni, 0.0015%-0.0060% of N, less than or equal to 0.008% of P, less than or equal to 0.002% of S, less than or equal to 0.020% of Nb, less than or equal to 0.080% of V, less than or equal to 0.020% of Ti and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The preparation method comprises the procedures of smelting, continuous casting, heating, rolling and heat treatment. The steel plate produced by the invention has excellent ultralow temperature (-269 DEG C) impact toughness, effectively solves the problems of brittle phase martensite precipitation and low strength of stainless steel at a low temperature of-196 DEG C, can replace stainless steel to be widely used for manufacturing large ultralow temperature liquid hydrogen storage tanks, and has wide application prospects.

The invention discloses a method for obtaining hydrogen solubility in slag based on microstructure analysis, and belongs to the field of high-temperature melt physical property characterization. The method comprises the following steps: determining initial components of a simulation system; establishing an initial structure model of the water molecule-containing slag system; determining a potential function for describing the simulation system; simulation calculation parameters are set, LAMMPS software is operated for simulation calculation, and simulation result data such as an atomic coordinate file and free energy of a simulation system are obtained; the atomic coordinate file is imported into visual software for statistical analysis and visual processing, and microstructure information of the slag is obtained; and calculating the hydrogen solubility of the slag according to simulation result data such as free energy. According to the method, the microstructure information of the atomic scale of the slag and the hydrogen solubility of the slag are calculated by adopting a molecular dynamics simulation method, so that the blank of experimental data can be filled, theoretical guidance is provided for controlling the hydrogen content of the slag, and a theoretical foundation is laid for controlling the hydrogen content of the molten steel.

The invention provides a multiphase hydrogen fuel flow and pressure cooperative control system, and belongs to the technical field of aero-engines, the multiphase hydrogen fuel flow and pressure cooperative control system comprises a liquid hydrogen tank, a liquid hydrogen pump, a heat exchanger, a pressure stabilizing valve, a regulating valve, a stop valve, a sensor and an engine main controller, the engine main controller receives engine state feedback and outputs a hydrogen fuel mass flow instruction; the pressure maintaining valve outlet pressure instruction calculation module and the pressure maintaining valve pressure closed-loop control module are arranged between the pressure maintaining valve and the engine, and the liquid hydrogen pump outlet pressure instruction calculation module and the liquid hydrogen pump outlet pressure compensation control module are arranged between the liquid hydrogen pump and the engine. The regulating valve outlet flow lead correction control module is arranged between the regulating valve and the engine; according to the scheme, the rotating speed of the liquid hydrogen pump, the opening area of the pressure maintaining valve and the opening area of the adjusting valve are cooperatively controlled, flow and pressure dynamic matching of the hydrogen fuel adjusting system under the non-stable working condition is achieved, and the flow control dynamic response performance of the hydrogen fuel adjusting system is improved.

The invention discloses a low-temperature high-toughness austenitic stainless steel welding wire and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of welding materials, in particular to a welding wire with high-toughness mechanical properties of formed cladding metal in a low-temperature environment and a preparation method of the welding wire. The Ti element is introduced into the welding wire, the dosage relation of the Al element and the Ti element is controlled, and the mass ratio of Al to Ti is kept to be (5-10): 1; a proper amount of Al element can play a role in purifying a molten pool during welding work, a proper amount of Ti element can effectively stabilize an austenite phase, and therefore it is guaranteed that the welding wire has the basic welding capacity, and meanwhile after the welding wire is converted into cladding metal, the welding wire is not prone to deformation. The material characteristics and the like of the material can meet the use requirements at room temperature and ultralow temperature environment, that is, the material has and keeps good tensile property, impact property and the like, so that pipelines, containers and the like prepared from the material can be used for transmitting or loading special low-temperature materials such as liquid hydrogen, liquid helium and the like.

A system and method for hydrogen storage, and delivery. The system includes a hydrogen storage tank, a first pump disposed within the hydrogen storage tank, and a second pump disposed outside of the hydrogen storage tank. The hydrogen storage tank is to store gaseous hydrogen and liquid hydrogen. The first pump is to pump out liquid hydrogen out of the storage tank, producing a low pressure flow. The second pump is to receive this low pressure flow and produces a high pressure flow of liquid hydrogen. The system can also include a thermal device disposed within the hydrogen storage tank to heat gaseous hydrogen when a pressure within the hydrogen storage tank drops below a predetermined minimum pressure. The system can also include a heat exchanger to receive the high pressure flow of liquid hydrogen from the second pump.

The invention relates to the technical field of low-temperature gasification and heat management, and discloses an ice layer monitoring prediction and self-adaptive control device for a liquid hydrogen air temperature type gasifier. A data acquisition unit of the device acquires the running state of the gasifier and multi-source sensor data of an external environment; the weather prediction unit obtains weather change information in a future period and calculates a comprehensive influence coefficient of weather on the operation state of the gasifier; the data fusion and processing unit calculates an ice layer thickness correction value of each monitoring node according to the data of the multi-source sensor; the threshold value judgment unit judges the icing state of the node, and after the node is judged to be in the icing state, a judgment index representing the icing risk and the ice layer development trend is calculated; and the control response unit switches a deicing mode and executes a corresponding deicing control strategy according to the change state of the judgment index, and switches a high-energy-consumption deicing mode, a low-energy-consumption deicing mode and an observation mode. The deicing energy consumption of the gasifier is reduced, and the operation stability and the heat efficiency are improved.

The invention discloses titanium-containing high-manganese ultralow-temperature steel as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The ultralow-temperature steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.35%-0.55% of C, 0.11%-0.22% of Si, 22.5%-25.5% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.02% of P, less than or equal to 0.005% of S, 3%-4% of Cr, 0.03%-0.1% of Ti, 0.01%-0.1% of Alt, 0.0003%-0.005% of Ca and the balance of Fe and other inevitable impurities. Chemical elements are combined with rolled steel, the low-temperature strength and corrosion resistance of the steel plate at the temperature of-269 DEG C are emphatically improved, precious metal elements such as Ni, Mo and Cu and post-treatment procedures are omitted, and the steel plate has excellent ultralow temperature resistance and economical efficiency; the device has application prospects in storage and transportation of liquefied ethylene, liquefied natural gas, liquid hydrogen, liquid helium and other ultralow-temperature media in land, ocean, aviation and other complex environments.

The embodiment of the invention provides a hydrogenation gun, a hydrogenation system and a hydrogenation station, the hydrogenation gun comprises a hydrogenation pipe, a first cylinder, a first proximity switch and a first torque sensor; the hydrogenation pipe is divided into a hydrogenation front pipe and a hydrogenation rear pipe through a valve; the first torque sensor is used for detecting whether the hydrogenation front pipe is butted with a hydrogenation port of a vehicle to be hydrogenated or not after receiving a hydrogenation starting signal; the first cylinder is used for controlling the valve to be opened after the hydrogenation front pipe is butted with the hydrogenation port; and the first proximity switch is used for sending in-place information to the hydrogenation system after detecting that the valve is in an open state. The butt joint state between the hydrogenation gun and the hydrogenation port of the vehicle to be subjected to hydrogenation is detected through the first torque sensor, after butt joint is completed, the valve is controlled to be opened, when the first proximity switch detects that the valve is opened, the hydrogenation system is controlled to convey liquid hydrogen to the hydrogenation gun, and therefore automatic filling when the hydrogenation gun is inserted into the hydrogenation port is achieved.

The invention discloses an austenitic stainless steel welding wire for a liquid hydrogen storage tank and a preparation method and application of the austenitic stainless steel welding wire, and belongs to the technical field of welding materials and preparation of the welding materials. The welding wire solves the problem that the low-temperature performance of a welding seam is poor when the current welding wire for the liquid hydrogen storage tank is used for welding. The welding wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.02% of C, 0.4-1.5% of Si, 5.0-7.5% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.020% of S, less than or equal to 0.030% of P, 16.0-22.0% of Cr, 15.0-18.0% of Ni, 2.0-5.0% of Mo, 0.05-0.2% of N, less than or equal to 0.01% of O and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. According to the welding wire, deposited metal is low in low-temperature embrittlement tendency, high in low-temperature strength and excellent in low-temperature impact and fracture toughness. The welding wire is used for welding the austenitic stainless steel liquid hydrogen storage tank and is wide in application range, and the mechanical property of deposited metal is good.

The invention discloses a method and system for liquid hydrogen superconducting co-melting energy storage to participate in power grid frequency control, and belongs to the field of electrical engineering. The method comprises the steps that when a power grid frequency event occurs, the maximum and minimum value of the system frequency change rate is obtained according to the instantaneous frequency change rate of a power grid, and the active output control quantity of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-melting energy storage system is determined according to the maximum and minimum value of the system frequency change rate and a power response coefficient. The charge and discharge dynamic characteristics of the liquid hydrogen superconductive co-melting energy storage system and the energy storage capacity of the system are used as operation constraints, and the liquid hydrogen superconductive co-melting energy storage system is controlled to cooperatively output according to a time sequence echelon response control strategy. The superconducting magnetic energy storage fast power response meets the active output control quantity; and after the set superconducting magnetic energy storage output duration time is exceeded, the hydrogen energy storage coordinated output makes up the active output control quantity vacancy caused by superconducting magnetic energy storage load shedding. The active power output of each device in the system can be effectively coordinated according to the liquid hydrogen superconductive co-melting energy storage operation characteristics, and the frequency stability of the power grid is improved.

The invention relates to a system for storing liquid hydrogen and for distributing gaseous hydrogen, comprising a source of liquid hydrogen (20), at least two gaseous hydrogen tanks (31-35) to be filled and a transfer device comprising: a transfer unit (25) configured to transfer liquid hydrogen from the hydrogen source (20) to any of the tanks, a vapour compressor (10) having a first upstream end and a second downstream end fluidly connected to each of the tanks, a set of valves (51-55), a control device configured to issue a command to transfer the liquid hydrogen and to open and / or close one or more valves (51-55), the compressor (10) being arranged so as to transfer vapours created during filling from any tank to each of the other tanks in succession, by compressing the vapors to a pressure greater than the pressure in the tank during filling.

A fuel system for a hydrogen fueled aircraft propulsion system comprises first and second hydrogen fuel tanks configured to store liquid hydrogen, first fuel line and second fuel lines configured to supply hydrogen from the first hydrogen fuel tank to a combustor of a first gas turbine engine and from the second hydrogen fuel tank to a combustor of a second gas turbine engine respectively. First and second fuel pumps are provided, each being configured to pump fuel in a respective first and second fuel line. First and second fuel heaters are provided, each being configured to heat fuel in a respective first and second fuel line. A fuel cross-feed fuel line is provided, which is configured to transfer fuel between the first and second fuel lines. The fuel cross-feed line is provided downstream in fuel flow of the first and second fuel heaters.

The present invention aims to easily calculate a calibration formula for calibrating a liquid hydrogen level gauge using a superconductor at low cost without using expensive liquid hydrogen. [Solution] A calibration equation calculation method for calculating a calibration equation to calibrate a liquid hydrogen level gauge that uses a superconductor to detect the liquid hydrogen level in a container by voltage measurement, the method being characterized in that the calibration equation is calculated from the relationship between the voltage value of the liquid hydrogen level gauge and each liquid level height at at least three points with different liquid level heights while pouring liquid having a temperature higher than the critical temperature (Tc) of the superconductor used in the liquid hydrogen level gauge into the container in which the liquid hydrogen level gauge is installed vertically.

According to the equipment and the method, hydrogen is pre-cooled with a mechanical low-temperature pre-cooling cycle and a helium cycle through a first-stage heat exchanger, is subjected to ortho-secondary conversion through a second heat exchanger, a fourth heat exchanger and a fifth heat exchanger, and is subjected to heat exchange with cold helium discharged from a first turbo expander in the helium cycle; and liquid hydrogen generated after the liquid hydrogen enters the liquid hydrogen throttling valve to be throttled enters the liquid storage tank, and the hydrogen liquefaction process is completed. Helium entering and exiting the helium circulation low-temperature compressor unit is subjected to mechanical low-temperature precooling, the compression work is reduced through helium low-temperature compression, the expansion work is recycled through the turbo expander, and the thermodynamic efficiency of the system is improved; the hydrogen liquefying system only depends on the cooling capacity provided by the helium circulating system and the mechanical low-temperature pre-cooling circulating system, hydrogen liquefying can be completed without compression, and the system safety is improved; the helium circulation low-temperature compressor unit and the mechanical low-temperature compressor both adopt oil-free gas suspension centrifugal compressors, so that the problems of oil removal and oil return are avoided, and the reliability is remarkably improved.