The invention discloses a rapid breeding method for salt and alkali rice. The method specially comprises the steps that wild seawater rice is used as a radiation induced breeding material, the breeding material is cultured through seawater, rice sprouts are radiated through the solar energy focus point in three steps, sea mud culture is performed, protogene pyramiding is performed, and the superior and stable variety fast to breed is selected. By implementing the rapid breeding method, the wild seawater rice is used as the radiation induced breeding material due to the exceptional function, and seawater and sea mud are adopted for training plants to obtain comprehensive superior plants. By the adoption of a radiation method, the percentage of seedling emergency is low, the aberration rate is high, variation produced by radiation is large, stabilizing is fast, and a stable, good and important way is provided for breeding high-quality rice seeds; meanwhile, by implementing the rapid breeding method, the novel early-maturing, medium-maturing and late-maturing rice varieties which are resistant to saline and alkaline, extensive breeding and low temperature, high in stress resistance, suitable for direct seeding and good in rice quality are cultured. A new way is opened for developing saline and alkaline land, irrigating planted rice through seawater, and obtaining employment, increasing income and seeking for profits for more people.