357 results about "Soil type" patented technology

A model for determining the type of soil, the water content of a soil, and the soil properties, and a soil measurement data storage portion (60) to store therein measurement data necessary to carry out the model and correlated with specific measurement conditions are provided. The water content is measured by a water content measuring portion (57) on the basis of the measurement data fed from a soil sensor (S). The type of soil is determined by a feature extracting portion (56) and a type-of-soil determining portion (58), and the determined type of soil is sent to a determining portion (59). The determining portion (59) determines corresponding conditions and a model according to the type of soil and water content of the measured place received and sets them in a predetermined processing portion. The soil sensor feeds measurement data meeting the measurement conditions to a measurement information processing portion (55), and the processing portion (55) determines the soil properties according to the determined model.

The present invention relates to eco-friendly compositions and methods for providing plant growth enhancing formulations comprising mixtures of microbial isolates. In particular, numerous bacterial and fungal strains were isolated from a variety of soil types, from rhizospheres and from root nodules of leguminous plants, in designed combinations, for providing plant growth and plant productivity enhancing formulations. These specifically designed polymicrobial formulations would further provide protection against plant pathogens lowering the need for nitrogen containing fertilizers, solubilize minerals, protect plants against pathogens, and make available to the plant valuable nutrients, such as phosphate, thus reducing and eliminating the need for using chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides.

A process of recommending crop varieties based on management categories. The management categories are determined by utilizing indices, which measure the economic implication of physical and chemical properties of a specific soil type in a region. The management categories may then be indicated graphically by indicia overlaying digitized soil maps, each of the indicia grouping soil types within a management category. Each crop variety is characterized by how the crop variety performs in each of the management categories. Each of the crop varieties may then be assigned an indicium of the management category for which it is adapted.

The invention discloses a humic acid slow release soil improving fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural fertilizer production. The invention produces slow release fertilizer for soil improvement with humid acid, lignin, and ordinary NPK fertilizer as major raw materials. Applicable to all types of soils and crops, the fertilizer can improve soil structure, increase water and manure preservation performance of soil, avoid and treat soil hardening, and have the good improvement effect on saline land in particular. The humic acid slow release soil improving fertilizer can be used as soil dressing agent.

The invention relates to pakchoi organic composite fertilizer. The pakchoi organic composite fertilizer is characterized in that medium and trace elements needed by multiple plants are mixed with inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer; and simultaneously, auxiliary agents capable of improving an absorption and utilization rate for a plant and increasing fertilizer slow-release performances and effective microorganisms are added into the mixture to be prepared into specialized composite fertilizer particles through proper fermentation and processing. The pakchoi organic composite fertilizer has the advantages that scopes of suitable regions and soil types are wide; base fertilizer one-step application can be realized in fertilizer application and topdressing can be carried out later according to needs; pakchoi growth needs are satisfies; and effects of yield increase and harvest increase are realized.

Methods of characterizing subsurface conditions in a selected geographic region previously associated as a whole with a specific subsurface material characteristic reference profile such as from a USDA-NRCS soil survey. The method includes deploying a sensing tool at selected positions within the geographic region to determine a depth-referenced subsurface material characteristic such as soil type or strata, comparing the determined subsurface material characteristic to the subsurface material characteristic reference profile associated with the geographic region to determine a correlation between the subsurface material characteristic reference profile and the depth-referenced subsurface material characteristic, and then deciding whether to deploy the tool at another position, and at what optimum position to deploy the tool, by considering the correlation.

The invention discloses a nondestructive method for measuring nutrient content in soil based on near-infrared spectral technique. The method comprises two stages of calibration model construction and unknown sample measurement. The calibration model construction stage comprises the following steps of: firstly collecting samples of different soil types as a calibration sample set, scanning to obtain the near-infrared spectra of the calibration sample set, and performing spectra pretreatment to the obtained spectral data; measuring the nutrient content of the samples for model construction with GB method as standard content; and constructing a quantitive relationship between the near-infrared spectra of samples for model construction and standard nutrient content thereof using multivariate calibration algorithm to obtain a calibration model. The unknown sample measurement stage comprises the following steps of: scanning soil samples to be detected to obtain the near-infrared spectra thereof, inputting the spectral data after corresponding spectra pretreatment to the calibration model, and measuring with the calibration model to obtain the content of each nutrient. The whole process is under computer control, and the invention realizes data collection, storage, display and processing functions.

The invention relates to a method and a device for intelligently controlling precision irrigation and fertilization. The method and the device have the advantages that intelligent control is applied to the field of water-saving irrigation by the aid of the method and the device, so that the problem of high labor and material consumption required by manual operation on water-saving irrigation systems can be solved; fertilizers are applied to crops by the aid of an intelligent control system according to soil types, species of the crops and growing periods of the crops, and accordingly the method and the device are favorable for improving the fertilization precision and saving fertilizers; the fertilizers flow to locations near root systems of the crops along with water, accordingly, the method and the device are favorable for preventing deep-layer loss of the fertilizers, the fertilizer efficiency can be improved, the yield of the crops can be increased, underground water can be prevented from being polluted by the fertilizers and chemical agents, and the problem of agricultural non-point source pollution can be solved.

Methods of characterizing subsurface conditions in a selected geographic region previously associated as a whole with a specific subsurface material characteristic reference profile such as from a USDA-NRCS soil survey. The method includes deploying a sensing tool at selected positions within the geographic region to determine a depth-referenced subsurface material characteristic such as soil type or strata, comparing the determined subsurface material characteristic to the subsurface material characteristic reference profile associated with the geographic region to determine a correlation between the subsurface material characteristic reference profile and the depth-referenced subsurface material characteristic, and then deciding whether to deploy the tool at another position, and at what optimum position to deploy the tool, by considering the correlation.

Herbicidal compositions are disclosed comprising an effective amount of flufenacet, pendimethalin and diflufenican. A method of controlling harmful plants is disclosed. The compositions may be used flexibly, e.g., in post-emergent and / or pre-emergent applications. The compositions may be used prior to sowing a crop. The compositions may provide enhanced compatibility with crops. The compositions may be used on different soil types, e.g., with high-organic matter soils and / or at different soil depths, e.g., at shallow soil depths. The compositions may be used against herbicide-resistant plant species, for example EMR and TSR-resistant species and / or may be used for resistance management. The compositions may be used with various irrigation techniques.

The invention provides a non-point source pollution calculation method based on a remotely sensed image element. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, constructing a land utilization database and a vegetation coverage database; 2, constructing a soil type database, a soil nitrogen and phosphorus attribute database and a gradient and slope length geographic space database; 3, constructing a farmland nitrogen and phosphorus balance amount space database; 4, calculating dissolved state non-point source loads and adsorption type non-point source loads of non-point source pollutants under different pollution types according to database information in the steps from 1 to 3 and the pollution types; and 5, calculating a total amount of non-point source pollutants in a river according to the dissolved state non-point source loads and the adsorption type non-point source loads. By the method, under the condition that a data condition is limited, a non-point source pollution space distribution feature and a source intensity feature can be quickly obtained based on remotely sensed data; effective pollution monitoring measures can be supplied to a pollution prevention, treatment and management department; and important technology support can be supplied to flow domain pollution management.

The invention relates to a method for quickly detecting heavy metal contents and spacial distribution in soil, which comprises the following steps that: A) a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer detects the heavy metal contents in soil of a point to be detected, and a global positioning system connected with the portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer acquires geographical coordinates of thepoint and the soil water content of the point at the same time; B) the geographical coordinates of the point to be detected are input to a calibration database, and a computer automatically acquires corresponding soil type and calibration coefficient of the soil type; C) soil water content data acquired in step A are input to the calibration database, and a calibration coefficient which corresponds to the data is automatically acquired; D) the influence of the soil type and the soil water content on the heavy metal measured value acquired in step A is deducted by the oil type calibration coefficient acquired in step B and the soil water content calibration coefficient acquired in step C; and E) the calibrated heavy metal measured value acquired in step D is combined with a topography and a land utilization electronic map of an area to be detected to immediately generate a visual soil heavy metal content spacial distribution map.

Here presented is information pertaining to water erosion management incorporating topography, soil type, and weather statistics. Also presented is a manner of exchanging water allocation credits. A method of dealing with crop treatment compatibility and a system of estimating crop characteristics are also set forth. Finally, a manner for wide-area agricultural monitoring and prediction is discussed.

The invention relates to a soil water content colorimetric-determination method. The soil water content colorimetric-determination method comprises the following steps of 1, carrying out extraction on a soil sample to be detected by a cobalt chloride hexahydrate organic solution having a concentration of 0.1-30g / L as a color developing agent to remove solids and to obtain a solution to be detected, and determining the absorbance of the solution to be detected at the wavelength of 380-680nm, and 2, searching the corresponding soil water content in a built absorbance-soil water content standard curve according to the absorbance obtained by the step 1, or substituting the absorbance obtained by the step 1 into the built absorbance-soil water content standard curve equation and calculating the corresponding soil water content. The soil water content colorimetric-determination method is not influenced by soil types, components, unit weight and disturbance, has an error ratio below 2% is a pervasive soil moisture content detection method, is suitable for fast determination in the field and is suitable for soil water fast-determination in the laboratory.

The invention discloses an automatic irrigation control method based on a water balance model. The method comprises the steps of A, initializing parameters, wherein the type and the planting date of the planted crops are determined, and a corresponding crop coefficient Kc is obtained; the soil type is determined, and corresponding wilting water content WP, field capacity WHC and irrigation threshold value IT are obtained; B, calculating current soil water content FCs; C, calculating effective water content AWC of current soil; D, calculating actual evapotranspiration ETc; E, calculating soil real-time effective water content delta AWC; F, judging whether the soil real-time effective water content delta AWC is lower than the irrigation threshold value IT, if the soil real-time effective water content delta AWC is lower than the irrigation threshold value IT, conducting irrigation; if the soil real-time effective water content delta AWC is not lower than the irrigation threshold value IT, turning to the step E to continue calculation. According to the automatic irrigation control method based on the water balance model, defects of the prior art can be overcome, and precision and flexibility of the irrigation control can be improved.

The invention discloses a method for forecasting the water saving irrigation of a lawn. The method comprises the following steps of: dividing rotational irrigation regions of the lawn, measuring the soil moisture content at several points in the same region and taking an average value as an actually-measured soil moisture content; determining the soil type and the lawn type, calling the calibration coefficient of the soil moisture content and the water demand coefficient for the growing of the lawn from a database; calculating whether the lawn is needed to irrigate according to the actually-measured soil moisture content and a lawn water saving irrigation decision forecasting model, if needed, determining the amount of irrigation water and the irrigation time. The method for forecasting the water saving irrigation of the lawn and the system thereof can assist lawn maintenance skilled workers and administrators to draw up a proper irrigation system to a large extent, the research result of the lawn irrigation is converted into the production practice of the lawn irrigation, thereby improving the quality of law maintenance, achieving the purpose of water saving irrigation and improving the utilization rate of water resources.

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop growing management and discloses a regulation and control method for rice nitrogen topdressing based on a nitrogen spectral index method. According to the invention, the nitrogen spectral index method is constructed according to nitrogen amount required by target rice yield, apparent utilization rate of spike fertilizer, plant real-time nitrogen accumulation amount estimated based on reflectance spectrum and soil nitrogen supplying amount while nitrogen fertilization based on a nutrient balancing principle. According to the invention, in the aspect of real-time information acquisition, plant canopy group information is utilized, thus the regulation and control method disclosed by the invention has the quicker and lossless characteristics and the like, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of point replacing surface; in the aspect of a nitrogen topdressing regulating and controlling model, the soil nitrogen supplying amount and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate during the middle-late period are quantified, thereby enhancing the mechanism characteristic and accuracy of nitrogen topdressing amount estimation and improving the quantification level.

The invention discloses a large-scale soil organic carbon spatial distribution simulation method involving environmental factors, relating to the field of digital soil cartography. The method includes the following steps of: 1, overlapping a vegetation type map with a soil type map to generate a combined spatial distribution map of vegetation-soil units, assigning a corresponding pattern spot in the map with the mean value of the soil organic carbon content of each vegetation-soil unit, and thereby obtaining the soil organic carbon mean value spatial distribution curve m(k) with the resolution ratio of 1km; 2, expressing relation between vegetation-soil mean value residuals and the quantitative environmental factors by a neural network model, and thereby obtaining the vegetation-soil mean value residual spatial distribution curve f'(xi, k, yj, k); 3, stimulating the spatial distribution curves of the remained residuals r'(xi, k, yj, k) by an HASM model; 4, at last, adding the m(k) with the f'(xi, k, yj, k) and the r'(xi, k, yj, k) to obtain the stimulation result of the soil organic carbon spatial distribution by the HASM_EF method. According to the large-scale soil organic carbon spatial distribution simulation method involving environmental factors, reference is provided for accurately estimating the national-scale soil organic carbon reserve and researching spatiotemporal changes of large-scale soil property.

The invention relates to a soil three diameter measuring method, which is as follows: the water content and electrical conductivity of the soil are calculated by measuring high frequency signals and an alternating voltage formed by the superposition of reflected signals formed on a probe; the soil temperature information is obtained by a temperature pickup arranged in the probe; the obtained electrical conductivity is calibrated; therefore, the measurement of the soil three diameter is finished. The soil three diameter measuring system comprises a signal generation unit, a transmission unit, the probe, a signal processing unit, and a control unit; wherein, the signal generation unit is used for transmitting high frequency signals of fixed frequencies. The probe is used for forming the reflected signals after receiving the high frequency signals and is provided with the temperature pickup. The signal processing unit is used for processing and treating voltage signals. The control unit is used for calculating the water content and electrical conductivity of the soil according to an embedded formula and calibrating the electrical conductivity according to the soil temperature information. The method and the system of the invention have fast measuring speed, high precision, strong anti-soil type and salt content influent capability, wide application range and low production cost.

The invention discloses a device for determining a soil layer in-situ permeability coefficient, and the device comprises a multifunctional probe (1) located at the lower end of the device, a miniature water pump (4) and a pressurized water controller (5) which are located on the ground, and a data collector (6); wherein the multifunctional probe (1) is connected to the data collector (6) and the pressurized water controller (5) respectively; the water pump (4) is connected to the pressurized water controller (5); the data collector (6) is connected to the pressurized water controller (5); the miniature water pump (4) supplies water for an under-hole water pressurization test; the pressurized water controller (5) control the flow velocity and water pressure of the water; the data collector (6) performs real-time data collection and storage for hole water pressure, water pressurization test water pressure, and flow velocity, dissipation tests. The invention has strong adaptability, can meet the requirements for large-scale profile tests with different depths, is not only convenient and fast, but also not limited by soil types, and has reliable and accurate test results.

The present invention relates to a seed planting method, in particular, it relates to a composite capsule seed seedling-cultivating planting method. Said method includes the following several steps: a, defining seed variety to be filled into capsule, checking and verifying nutrient characteristics of said seed variety, defining object yield and growth stage, getting soil type of planting land, water content condition and disease and pests data related to said variety; b, designing formula of development powder, according to the step a defining mixing ratio of 14 nutrient elements, selecting variety of bactericides, fungicide and pesticide, selecting variety of slow-release fertilizer, calculating weight of above-mentioned every raw material and calculating filling amount of development powder; C, according to the step b, designing internal volume of capsule, according to the step a defining form of seed variety capsule; and d, according to the step c making capsule and making planting.

The invention provides a rice water-saving irrigation method. According to the method, the soil depths buried in water at different growth periods in different soil types can be monitored through a monitoring device, and an appropriate soil depth buried in water is taken as the irrigation index to confirm the irrigation water volume, so that the water supply meets the water demand for the growth and development of rice. The method solves the problems that in the conventional rice water-saving irrigation method, the instantaneous soil water content condition cannot be monitored based on the measurement index for soil water content, the monitoring is limited to soil types, the cost is high and the technical difficulty is huge, and the collaborative improvement on yield and water content use efficiency is realized.

The invention discloses a soil organic matter space distribution predication method based on qualitative and quantitative auxiliary variables. The soil organic matter space distribution predication method is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) data sources; (2) auxiliary data sources and processing; (3) a research method; (4) a contrast method. With the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the soil organic matter space distribution predication method applies an artificial neural network model and carries out space distribution predication of the content of soil organic matters on the basis of fusing the qualitative and quantitative auxiliary environment variables including soil types, terrain factors, vegetation indexes and the like, so as to provide method references for the regional high-precision space distribution predication of soil properties.

The invention relates to a comprehensively intelligent irrigation method and system for the artificial vegetation ground. The comprehensively intelligent irrigation method and system are used for solving the problems that water is wasted, and irrigation quality cannot be guaranteed in the prior art. The comprehensively intelligent irrigation system comprises a plurality of paralleled irrigation terminals of an automatic irrigation network installed on the artificial vegetation ground, one or more soil moisture content probes are buried in irrigation area soil covered by each irrigation terminals of the automatic irrigation network, and an automatic switching mechanism is independently arranged on each irrigation terminal. The soil moisture content probes are connected and control the automatic switching mechanisms which the soil moisture content probes belong to and are connected and control the irrigation terminals through a central intelligent control system. The central intelligent control system determines the lower limit of the soil moisture content in the corresponding irrigation area according to types of vegetation or the types of vegetation and types of soil in each irrigation area. The central intelligent control system switches on the irrigation terminals in the corresponding irrigation area to carry out irrigation when the soil moisture content probes detect that the soil moisture content in the corresponding irrigation is lower than the lower limit of the moisture content. The comprehensively intelligent irrigation method and system have the advantages that automatic irrigation and fertilizer application as required can be achieved according to actual needs of the soil and the vegetation in the irrigation areas, water is saved obviously, labor is saved, irrigation quality is guaranteed, and healthy growth of the vegetation in the irrigation areas can be guaranteed.

The invention relates to a GIS (geographic information system)-based distributed-type rice field nitrogen runoff loss load estimating method. The method includes: 1), collecting basic information of a studied area, namely collecting daily rainfall, evaporation capacity, administrative area, land use map and soil map of the studied area; 2), investigating basic data of fertilizing and field moisture management; 3), generating a related space distribution grid map layer; 4), measuring and calculating dynamic changing rules of rice field surface water nitrogen concentration under different soil types, namely dynamically monitoring rice field surface water under different soil types and different fertilizing levels, and calculating fitting equation parameters of the rice field surface water; 5), calculating rice field nitrogen runoff loss load including a water quantity balance module, an initial concentration calculating module and a load output module. By the GIS-based distributed-type rice field nitrogen runoff loss load estimating method, temporal and spatial change of non-point-source-generated pollution discharging coefficient can be reflected, few basic data and parameters are needed, model building is easy, and running efficiency is high.

Belonging to the technical field of agricultural environmental protection, the invention relates to a calculation method for a farmland nitrogen input threshold. The calculation method for the farmland nitrogen input threshold is carried out according to the steps of: conducting comparison planting and data statistics; utilizing the statistical result to determine the farmland crop's output nitrogen threshold and the farmland's environmental nitrogen input threshold; determining the farmland soil type according to the crop's output nitrogen threshold and the regional farmland's environmental input nitrogen threshold, dividing the soil fertility level, and correcting the determined nitrogen input threshold; and finally, calculating the farmland nitrogen input threshold. According to the invention, the farmland nitrogen input threshold is calculated based on the crop's output nitrogen threshold and the regional farmland's environmental input nitrogen threshold, a nitrogen fertilizer can be reasonably used to reach the production increase effect, at the same time, wasting is avoided, the influence to the soil ecological environment can be avoided, balance between supply and demand can be realized, rational use of soil is promoted, and the contradiction between fertility and pollution and the contradiction between yield increase and energy saving in long-term use of farmland are solved. Thus, the method provided by the invention plays an important role in leading the agricultural industry to sustainable and healthy development.

The invention discloses an irrigation district agricultural irrigation water demand decision-making method and system. The decision-making method comprises the following steps that firstly, the soil moisture content, the regional crop planting structure, the crop daily water consumption and the like of an irrigation area are calculated based on the 3S technology, and a soil moisture content prediction model based on soil water balance is generated; then a large-scale regional irrigation water demand prediction model is obtained; an actual irrigation area monitoring model is established based on vertical drought index difference; an irrigation area water resource optimal configuration model is constructed according to the soil moisture content prediction model, the regional irrigation waterdemand prediction model and the actual irrigation approximate area monitoring model; and finally, a one-key irrigation water decision support system is developed for the irrigation district. According to the remote sensing data, weather conditions, soil types and the like of different regions, automatic interpretation of irrigation district planting structures, irrigation district drought information monitoring and early warning, actual irrigation district monitoring, irrigation water utilization efficiency, irrigation district agricultural water demand and the like can be realized.

The frost heaving device of layered telescopic detecting soil and a detecting method thereof are disclosed. In cold area engineering construction, due to the complicated geological condition of a construction site, the monitoring of frozen soil frost heaving deformation is difficult, and frost heaving data at different depths in one area is difficult to acquire at the same time. In the frost heaving device, a plurality of casing-pipe-type monomers are successively arranged on a chassis from bottom to top, an anchor plate is arranged outside a tube body, a displacement sensor is arranged on theinner wall of the tube body, the top end of the tube body is processed with a boss, the bottom end of the tube body is processed with a groove, and the tube body of one casing-pipe-type monomer is slidably cooperated with the two adjacent casing-pipe-type monomers through the boss and the groove. According to the frozen soil type in a test area, the number of measuring points in the test area andthe distribution position of each measuring point are determined, the frost heaving amount data of the frost heaving layer of each measuring point in different time periods is obtained through the frost heaving device, and according to frost heaving amount data gathering fed back by each measuring point, a frozen soil frost heaving deformation condition in the test area is obtained. The device and the method are used for the monitoring of the frozen soil frost heaving amount in a vertical or horizontal direction.

The invention discloses a method for culturing seedlings of Phoebe bournei by a light soil type mixed matrix, which comprises the procedures of collecting seeds, sowing seeds, preparing the matrix, transplanting and culturing seedlings. The method comprises the following steps of: sowing seeds from strong and good seed trees which are more than 20 years old into a sand bed; transplanting seedlings into a plastic cup filled with the light soil type mixed matrix including 30-40 parts of yellow soil, 40-50 parts of coconut husk immersed dry material, 14.75-24.5 parts of pond sludge and 0.25-0.75parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer; cultivating the seeds to obtain good and strong Phoebe bournei seedlings with the height of more than 31-40 cm; and transplanting the seedlings to carry out the forestation. The seedling culturing matrix of the method provided by the invention has good water conversation performance, good fertilizer conversation performance and complete nutrition, the surface is not easy to harden and fewer weeds are existed; the cultivated seedlings are thickset, the growth is fast, the time for culturing seedlings is shortened, the survival rate of the forestation is high and the recovering stage of the forestation is short, so that the method is adapted to the requirement of accelerating a planted forest of the rare and endangered species Phoebe bournei,and has better economic benefits and social benefits.