218 results about "Field capacity" patented technology

The invention discloses a method for controlling different forms of heavy metal in urban life compost by adopting modified nano carbon. Before application of nano carbon with diameters ranging from 20 nm to 70 nm, the nano carbon is modified, so that various kinds of modified nano carbon are obtained respectively; then, a layer of cotton cloth and a nylon net are sealed at the lower end of each PVC (polyvinyl chloride) tube, garbage compost and various kinds of modified nano carbon are proportionally and uniformly mixed, and each tube is filled with 150 g of mixed materials; the temperature during an experiment ranges from 19 to 27 DEG C, the relative humidity is 60%-72%, the compost is supplemented with water every day, so that the moisture of the compost is about 70% of the field capacity; sampling is performed after 45 days of cultivation, and form analysis of heavy metal is performed; and the adding amount of various kinds of modified nano carbon is 1%-5% (w/w) of the weight of the garbage compost. The experiment result shows that the content of the residual form heavy metal is added with addition of the modified nano carbon, conversion of the heavy metal in the compost from an easily absorbing state to a difficultly absorbing state is promoted, and a basis is provided for application of the modified nano carbon in passivation of the heavy metal in the garbage compost.

The invention discloses a method for calculating dynamic water storage capacity runoff yield in soil freeze-thaw process, and belongs to a hydrological science category in geophysical science categories. The method comprises the following steps of: calculating frozen soil depths at different times in grids of a watershed according to soil temperature distribution; analyzing day-by-day spatial distribution conditions of the frozen soil depths so as to obtain field capacities, distributed along with time, of aeration zones in different grids of the watershed; finding out the maximum field capacities in different grids of the watershed, and calculating the maximum water-holding capacity of the watershed; and calculating a soil freeze-thaw runoff yield of the watershed according to the obtained maximum field capacities in different grids and the maximum water holding capacity of the watershed. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the day-by-day soil freeze/thaw, frozen soil depths and soil temperatures can be simulated according to observed air temperatures, and the day-by-day process of thaw/rainfall runoff can be calculated according to rainfall observation, so that the runoff simulation precision in soil thaw periods in spring is improved, scientific basis is provided for the spring flood prevention decisions, and the gap of frozen soil area runoff yield calculation in the existing home and aboard hydrological models is filled.

A method and system for monitoring the dynamic response of soil moisture and setting a threshold in relation to the field capacity of a soil area is disclosed herein. By measuring the dynamic response of soil moisture under wet soil conditions, one can determine a practical field capacity for the soil, in-situ, based solely on the soil moisture sensor output. Essentially, by looking at how the soil moisture level varies with time one can determine the field capacity.

The embodiment of the invention provides a high-yield cultivation method for north potatoes through drip irrigation under mulch, and relates to the field of potato cultivation. The water utilization rate and the fertilizer utilization rate can be improved, and the yield of the potatoes can be increased in a multiplied mode. The method comprises the steps of soil selection and preparation, drip irrigation system installation, variety selection and potato seed processing, sowing, irrigation, top application, fertilization management and field management. According to the irrigation standard, the field capacity in the germination period ranges from 60% to 65%, the field capacity in the seedling period ranges from 65% to 70%, the field capacity in the tuber forming period ranges from 75% to 80%, the field capacity in the tuber expanding period ranges from 75% to 80%, the field capacity in the starch accumulating period ranges from 60% to 70%, the irrigation norm of the total growth period of the potatoes cultivated through drip irrigation under the mulch ranges from 80 m<3>/667 m<2> to 120 m<3>/667 m<2>, the dissolubility fertilizer is selected during the top application, a differential pressure type fertilization tank is adopted, and dressing of 15 kg/667 <2> of urea during irrigation is carried out.

The invention provides a method for remedying soil polluted with cadmium by using interplanting. In the soil polluted with cadmium, cadmium high-accumulation plants and cadmium low-accumulation plants are planted simultaneously in an interplanting manner and planted alternatively at the number ratio of 1 to 1; four plants around each plant are all different from the plant in variety, the plant spacing is 10 to 30 cm and the line spacing is 10 to 30 cm; the plants are watered by using a water source without being polluted by heavy metal and the field moisture capacity of the soil is kept to be 80%; compound fertilizers and carbamide are applied, depending on the soil property and the crop variety; edible parts of the interplanted plants are harvested at the harvest time and the cadmium content in the plant variety with relative low cadmium accumulation is decreased to the specified safe standards for consumption in China, so that the purpose of yielding safe edible products from the soil polluted with cadmium is achieved. The method for remedying soil polluted with cadmium by using interplanting, provided by the invention, has the advantages of rational design, low expense and strong operability and can be applied to the purpose of yielding products at the same time of remedying the soil polluted cadmium.

The invention relates to a method for improving soil, in particular to a method for restoring cadmium pollution of soil in a passivation mode. The method is to add plant residue rich in sulfydryl in the soil and mainly comprises the following steps of: 1, grinding the plant residue rich in the sulfydryl to ensure that the length of the residue is less than 10cm; 2, adding the plant residue obtained in the step 1 into the soil to be restored and mixing the residue and the soil, wherein the weight part ratio of the soil to be restored to the plant residue of fresh plant is 1:0.001; and 3, ensuring that the moisture content of the soil added with the plant residue is maintained over 50 percent of the maximum field moisture capacity within 20 to 40 days, wherein the plant residue rich in the sulfydryl is cruciferae plant residue or liliaceae plant residue. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of environmental friendliness, low restoring cost, no influence on farmland production, and improvement on soil fertility, content of soil organic matter and land productivity.

The invention discloses a method for controlling the growth of compost substrate festuca arundinacea by using modified nano carbon. The method comprises the steps of: sealing the lower end of each PVC pipe of which the diameter is 3cm and the height is 25cm with a layer of cotton cloth and a nylon net, mixing garbage compost and all modified nano carbons uniformly in proportion, and charging 150g of mixed material into each pipe; passivating for 7 days, sowing 0.2g of festuca arundinacea seeds in each pipe, controlling the temperature to be 19-27 DEG C and the relative humidity to be 60-72% during experiment, supplementing water to the compost every day so that the moisture of the compost reaches 70% of field capacity, balancing for 30 days in a laboratory, and measuring; wherein the adding amount of each modified nano carbon is 1-5%(w/w) of the weight of the garbage compost. Experimental results show that the growth of the compost substrate festuca arundinacea is promoted by adding the modified nano carbon.

The embodiment of the invention provides a horizontal well sectioning multi-cluster perforating and fracturing optimizing method and device and relates to the field of oil and gas field capacity expansion revamping. The method comprises the steps that an inter-cluster flow dynamic distribution model is built, and fluid pressure in cracks is calculated; a stress interference model is built; in terms of the stress interference model and the inter-cluster flow dynamic distribution model, a multi-cluster fracturing crack dynamic extension model is built; and a multi-crack simultaneous expanding step length model is built, and construction parameters meeting the multi-cluster fracturing crack dynamic extension model are substituted into the multi-crack simultaneous expanding step length model to obtain optimal construction parameters. By utilizing the multi-cluster fracturing crack dynamic extension model, the construction parameters according with conditions can be selected, then by utilizing the multi-crack simultaneous expanding step length model, the expanding step length and the angle are calculated, and the optimal construction parameters are selected. The defect that in the prior art, during constructing, it is considered that all clusters of cracks can extend effectively is overcome, and the parameters such as the cluster spacing and the perforating mode can further be selected optimally.

A method and system for monitoring the dynamic response of soil moisture and setting a threshold in relation to the field capacity of a soil area is disclosed herein. By measuring the dynamic response of soil moisture under wet soil conditions, one can determine a practical field capacity for the soil, in-situ, based solely on the soil moisture sensor output. Essentially, by looking at how the soil moisture level varies with time one can determine the field capacity.

The invention provides the application of trichoderma reesei and sedum plumbizincicola in the remediation of cadmium-polluted farmland soil. The application comprises the following steps of: cutting sedum plumbizincicola seedlings with about 10cm of plant height into soil to be remedied, applying trichoderma reesei FS10-C fermentation liquor or microbial preparation to the rhizosphere of the plant, keeping the soil water content to be 70%wt of the maximum field capacity in the process of remediation, and scissoring the plant along the surface of soil after the plant grows for 60-150 days to complete one remediation process. According to the application, the plant remediation efficiency of the cadmium-polluted farmland soil can be improved; and the sedum plumbizincicola plant remediation efficiency can be improved according to the trichoderma preparation, the biomass of the soil microorganism can be enhanced, the micro-ecological environment of the soil can be improved, and the application is good in ecological efficiency, and suitable for the remediation of the cadmium-polluted farmland soil.

An irrigation and fertilization system based on crop environment cooperative feedback comprises a meteorological station, a soil humidity sensor, a leaf area index measuring instrument and a controller. After the meteorological station, the soil humidity sensor and the leaf area index measuring instrument obtain the sunshine duration, air pressure, air temperature, air humidity, precipitation amount, small climate environment 2-meter high wind speed, solar radiation, field water holding capacity, field water holding rate, water saturation degree, moisture content of withering point soil, a wilting coefficient and leaf area index parameters related to growth of crops, the parameters are transmitted to the controller for data processing and calculation, the infiltration amount, the potentialinfiltration amount, the potential crop transpiration amount, the soil surface potential evaporation amount and potential evaporation amount parameters are obtained, and a mathematical model is further established through calculation to form an irrigation plan.

A self-adjusting irrigation controller takes a pre-irrigation soil moisture reading prior to irrigation, chooses an amount of water to be dispensed corresponding to that reading from a table, and dispenses that amount of water. A predetermined length of time after the end of irrigation, the controller takes a post-irrigation soil moisture reading and compares the value of that reading to a predetermined target value. If the post-irrigation value differs substantially from the target value, the water amount corresponding to the pre-irrigation value in the table is adjusted to reduce that difference on the next scheduled irrigation cycle having that same pre-irrigation soil moisture reading. The target value is determined by watering the soil to field capacity, then computing the target value as a function of the reading of the sensor at field capacity. The controller thus converges toward an ideal runtime and follows changes in the environment. In the preferred embodiment, the soil moisture is indicated by sensor voltages, and the amount of water dispensed is governed by the runtime of the irrigation system.

A method for inducing the drought resistance of cucumbers by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi comprises the following steps: carrying out individual inoculation and propagation expanding initial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculants; cultivating cucumber seedlings through mycorrhization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculants, wherein inoculation media adopts a mixture of a Hoagland nutrient solution and perlite; inducing drought resistance: after the seedlings are grown for 3 months, transferring the seedlings in black seedling raising bags with the specification of 25 cm*25 cm, filling 3.0 kg of sterilization soil in each black seedling raising bag, applying 80 mg/kg of total phosphorus and 100 mg/kg of total nitrogen in each basin, and keeping the relative water content of the soil to be about 40% of the field capacity under moderate drought; sufficiently watering before processing to enable the seedlings to be in the natural drought, carrying out the water control processing when the natural drought reaches the preset relative water content in processing, using a weighing water supplementing method to keep the all repeated soil water content in each-time processing to be within the test required range during the water control period, setting the regulating time of the water content to be 8: 00 Am each day, and supplementing water lost on a previous day.

The invention discloses an automatic irrigation control method based on a water balance model. The method comprises the steps of A, initializing parameters, wherein the type and the planting date of the planted crops are determined, and a corresponding crop coefficient Kc is obtained; the soil type is determined, and corresponding wilting water content WP, field capacity WHC and irrigation threshold value IT are obtained; B, calculating current soil water content FCs; C, calculating effective water content AWC of current soil; D, calculating actual evapotranspiration ETc; E, calculating soil real-time effective water content delta AWC; F, judging whether the soil real-time effective water content delta AWC is lower than the irrigation threshold value IT, if the soil real-time effective water content delta AWC is lower than the irrigation threshold value IT, conducting irrigation; if the soil real-time effective water content delta AWC is not lower than the irrigation threshold value IT, turning to the step E to continue calculation. According to the automatic irrigation control method based on the water balance model, defects of the prior art can be overcome, and precision and flexibility of the irrigation control can be improved.

The invention relates to model parameter solution methods, particularly to a method for obtaining Van Genchten model parameters of a soil moisture characteristic curve. The method aims at solving the problems that measuring instruments are expensive and the measurement period is long when a soil moisture characteristic curve Van Genchten equation is obtained by an actual measurement method. The method comprises the following steps of sieving a dried soil sample through a 2mm sieve and dividing the dried soil sample into five equal parts; measuring the field moisture capacity theta fc, the capillary moisture capacity theta mc, the soil moisture suction hmc which is corresponding to the soil capillary moisture capacity, the residual moisture content theta r and the soil moisture suction hfc which is corresponding to the field moisture capacity through the five equal parts respectively; obtaining the parameter m according to the formula; obtaining the parameter alpha according to the formula; obtaining the parameter n according to the formula to achieve the obtaining of the Van Genchten model parameters.

The invention relates to a method for improving the drought resistance of drought substrate tall fescue by adopting urban household fine garbage compost, which comprises the following steps of: respectively scattering fine garbage compost of which the particle diameter is respectively 1200nm, 600nm and 300nm uniformly on the surface of soil, wherein the ratio of the particle diameter to parts by weight of the soil is 1:60-80, the temperature is controlled at 20-26 DEG C, the relative humidity is controlled at 40-60%, and natural light permeating a room is used for illuminating; fully watering at the initial stage of seeding; weighing and watering every one or two days according to 55-65% of field moisture capacity after two weeks to maintain the field moisture capacity in the stress range; and measuring each index from the 44th day. The result shows that under the drought stress, the fine compost increases the biomass of the tall fescue to a certain extent, and the research result of growth of root systems of lawn plants can be basically met by matching the compost with the substrate for cultivating turf.

The invention discloses compound biochar-based slow-release fertilizer and an application method thereof and mainly relates to the field of biochar-based fertilizer. A preparation method of the compound bio-carbon-based slow-release fertilizer comprises mixing agricultural rice straws and wood shavings, preparing char, adding sodium selenite into the char to obtain biochar, mixing pig manure and chicken manure, carrying out fermentation on the pig manure and chicken manure, carrying out metal passivation treatment to obtain manure-based fertilizer, further fermenting the biochar and the manure-based fertilizer, and adding diatomite into the fermentation product for modification to obtain slow release fertilizer granules. In use, preferably, the slow-release fertilizer granules are applied to the field according to a ratio of 256 kg per mu, and a field moisture capacity measured value is kept in a range of 70% to 80% in the whole growth period. The compound biochar-based slow-release fertilizer can meet the demand of nitrogen and phosphorus in the early stage and the whole period of rice seedling, has sufficient and lasting fertilizer effects, prevents the effects of heavy metals, improves the soil environment, inhibits methylmercury, and can produce high-yield good-quality selenium-rich rice.

The invention provides a reinforced plant restoration method for lead-cadmium composite contaminated soil. The reinforced plant restoration method comprises the following steps: planting restoration plants in lead-cadmium composite contaminated soil, and injecting a DOM (dimethoxymethylamphetamine) solution into the soil within a restoration period according to soil moisture holding capacity which accounts for 60%-70% of the soil field moisture holding capacity. According to the reinforced plant restoration method disclosed by the invention, the DOM is from a mixed solution of soil leaching liquor and a straw humifying solution, and the reinforcing effect is mainly from activation effect of the DOM solution to lead/cadmium; the effect of restoring the lead/cadmium composite contaminated yellow soil is improved by changing the bio-availability of the lead/cadmium in soil through DOM.

The invention belongs to the field of crop straw utilization and discloses a method of accelerating decomposition of maize straw retention. The method comprises the following steps: crushing maize straws; mixing with an assistant; inoculating a straw degrading bacterial agent; burying the straws in soil; controlling the water content of the soil to 60-80% of field water retention; and decomposing at 20-30 DEG C. Pot experiments verify that the method provided by the invention has the best decomposing effect on maize straws and the degradation rate of the straws reaches 51.9% which is improved by 14% compared with that of direct retention of the straws. The TR assistant can remarkably accelerate the straw degrading bacterial agent to generate cellulose, and the filter paper enzyme (FPA), the cellulase activity (CMCase) and the activity of hemicellulase (Xylanase) are greatly enhanced, so that the straws are directly promoted to decompose. The method disclosed by the invention promotes decomposition of maize straws and accelerates the retention process of the maize straws, can be used for conversion and utilization of straw wastes and has a wide application prospect.

The invention discloses an FPGA-based high-speed data acquisition and storage system. The system comprises an FPGA core board, a data acquisition module, an MPU module, a gigabit Ethernet module, a display module, an input-output module and a storage module. The storage module is connected with a core device FPGA through DDR3; and interfaces of a display, a mouse, a keyboard, a gigabit network and the like are connected with a PCI-E Switch through the MPU module to realize data interaction with the FPGA. 2 MINISAS interface modules are directly connected with the FPGA to perform data interaction. The functions of data importing, data exporting, data analysis, data maintenance and the like can be realized through a software system of the system, and simple data real-time analysis can be realized. The system is high in data transmission rate, large in storage capacity and capable of performing field capacity expansion and bad block processing; the system has numerous interfaces, thereby having relatively good user experience; and the system is good in interactivity among module units and supports remote Ethernet control.

The invention relates to a method for enhancing the drought resistance of festuca arundinacea by adopting domesticated plant seeds. The process of domesticating the festuca arundinacea by a domestic garbage compost substrate comprises the following steps that: the domestic garbage compost substrate is flatly spread on a sample plot, then the compost becomes compact and flat by press, and the average thickness of the compost substrate is 20cm; the sowing mode is spring sowing, water in the compost substrate, which is used for domesticating the festuca arundinacea in each year, only depends on natural precipitation, and the seeds of the festuca arundinacea are harvested after 4 domestication years; then, the seeds of the domesticated festuca arundinacea are sown in a soil substrate according to 130/m2 in spring, the temperature is controlled at 20 to 26 DEG C, the relative humidity is 30 to 50 percent, the seeds are fully watered at the initial stage of sowing, and the conditions that the seeds can successfully germinate and seedlings grow at the initial stage are ensured; water is quantitatively supplied according to the stress degree of the water content after two weeks, 55 to 65 percent of the field moisture capacity is reached, and the experimental period is 38d; and the festuca arundinacea and the substrate are mown after being cultured for 38d, the festuca arundinacea is cleanly rinsed by using distilled water, and the index of the drought resistance of the domesticated festuca arundinacea is measured.

The invention discloses a method for measuring a physical parameter S of soil, relating to a method for solving a performance parameter, and aiming at solving the problems that measurement instruments are expensive and measurement periods are long as the measurement of the physical mass parameter S of the soil depends on a van Genuchten equation of a water soil water characteristic curve. The method comprises the following steps: step one, sieving an air-dried soil sample by virtue of a 2-mm sieve and dividing the soil sample into two parts; step two, measuring a saturation moisture content theta s and a field moisture capacity theta (fc) by using the first part of the soil sample; step three, measuring a residual moisture content theta r by using the second part of the soil sample; step four, obtaining a parameter n according to a formula as shown in the specification; and step five, obtaining the physical parameter S of the soil according to another formula as shown in the specification.

The invention discloses an irrigation decision-making method and an irrigation decision-making device based on weather forecast. The method includes determining a field water holding point and an irrigation compensation point according to a soil moisture content accumulation curve, wherein the soil moisture content accumulation curve is a curve showing time-dependent changes of the soil volumetricwater content corresponding to a specific soil depth; determining a predicted value of reference crop evapotranspiration ET0 according to weather forecast data; predicting a predicted value of actualcrop evapotranspiration ETc in the future according to the predicted value of the ET0 and a crop coefficient Kc; and predicting the number of irrigation days according to the predicted value of the ETc in the future, the field water holding point and the irrigation compensation point. By the method and the device, the problem of complexity of related irrigation forecasting ways is solved.

The invention relates to phytoremediation technology for organic poison polluted soil, in particular to a method for restoring petroleum-polluted soil by utilizing an ornamental plant, namely morning glory. The method adopts the technical proposal that adequate sand is doped into the petroleum-polluted soil; morning glory seeds are soaked by distilled water until seed hulls are expanded and cracked, and subjected to spot seeding into petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soil; and the morning glory planted in the petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soil adopts outdoor planting and watering at a fixed period, and the water content of the soil is maintained to be 70 to 80 percent of the field capacity. Compared with the prior method for treating the petroleum-polluted soil, the method has the advantages of small investment, small engineering quantity, low technical requirements and so on, and can not cause secondary pollution, and simultaneously the restoring process not only can not damage the ecological environment of the soil but also helps to improve soil degradation and productivity reduction caused by petroleum hydrocarbon pollution and recover and improve the biodiversity of the soil.

Embodiments of the invention disclose a method and system for irrigation and fertilizer application for a crop in an arid area on the basis of same-day weather forecast information. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring the same-day weather forecast information in a target irrigation area, and obtaining the evapotranspiration amount of the crop in a reference day according to the weather forecast information; acquiring the accumulated actual evapotranspiration amount of the crop according to the evapotranspiration amount of the crop in the same reference day; acquiring the soil bulk density and soil field water-retaining amount of the target irrigation area through a cutting-ring method, and calculating a soil field water storage amount according to the acquired soil bulk density and soil field water-retaining amount; acquiring a soil water storage difference according to the accumulated actual evapotranspiration amount of the crop and an accumulated rainfall amount; anddeciding the amount of irrigation on the basis of a pre-set irrigation judgment coefficient, the soil field water storage amount and the soil water storage difference. By application of the method andthe system provided by the invention, problems encountered in water-fertilizer decision by utilization of a sensor technology can be avoided.