776results about "Moisture content investigation using microwaves" patented technology

A sensor system is provided that measures water content or other detectable properties in a medium along the entire length of the sensor at any point in time. The sensor system includes an electromagnetic signal generator and a transmission line disposed in a medium to be monitored. Alternatively, the transmission line can be configured for movement across a medium to be monitored, or the transmission line can be fixed relative to a moving medium being monitored. A signal is transmitted along the transmission line at predetermined frequencies, and the signal is returned back along the transmission line and/or into an optional receive line in proximity to the transmission line. The returned signal is processed to generate a one-dimensional data output profile that is a function of a detectable property of the medium. The data output profile can be mapped onto a physical system to generate a two-dimensional or three-dimensional profile if desired. The sensor system is useful in a variety of different applications such as agriculture, horticulture, biofiltration systems for industrial offgases, leak detection in landfills or drum storage facilities at buried waste sites, and in many other applications.

A flow meter obtains the individual flow rates of gas, liquid hydrocarbons, and water in a predominantly gas-containing flowing fluid mixture.

The flow meter comprises a water content meter (7) provides a signal representing a measure of the water content of said fluid.

It also comprises a double differential pressure generating (3) and measuring (4) structure, denoted a DDP-unit (2), that provides two measurement signals (6A and 6B) representing two independent values of differential pressure (DP) in said fluid (1).

In addition to the above, the meter also comprises a signal processing unit (8) having inputs (9A-C) for receiving the measurement signals and the water content signal, and a calculation module (10) which calculates values representing the volumetric flow rates of said gas, liquid hydrocarbons and water in said fluid.

A method of obtaining a material property of a pavement material from a microwave field generally includes generating a microwave frequency electromagnetic field of a first mode about the pavement material. The frequency response of the pavement material in the electromagnetic field can be measured, such as by a network analyzer. The measurement of the frequency response permits correlating the frequency response to a material property of the pavement material sample, such as the density. A method of correcting for the roughness of a pavement material divides the pavement into a shallow layer and a deep layer. Two planar microwave circuits measure the permittivity of the shallow and deep layer. The permittivities are correlated to correct for roughness. An apparatus for obtaining the density of a pavement sample includes a microwave circuit and a network analyzer. The network analyzer measures the frequency response to determine the density of the pavement material.

A system and method of identifying changes utilizing radio frequency polarization includes receiving a reflected and/or transmitted polarized radio frequency signal at a receiver, filtering, amplifying and conditioning the received signal, converting the received signal from an analog format to a digital format, processing the digital signal to elicit a polarization mode dispersion feature of the received signal, and comparing the polarization mode dispersion features to a known calibration to detect a change in a characteristic of the target object.

This invention relates to a measuring instrument for measurement of a flow (1) comprising—a dielectric resonator sensor (3) arranged in a pipeline (2), said resonator (3) having a surface (4) facing a flow volume,—a sensor drive unit (12) being coupled to said sensor (3) and which is adapted to provide a driving or excitation signal to said sensor (3) resulting in the excitation of an electromagnetic resonance in said sensor causing a fringing electromagnetic field (5) adjacent to said surface (4) facing said wet gas flow (1),—a recording unit (10) coupled to said sensor (3) and which is adapted to measure a resonance property of said sensor (3) while said wet gas flow (1) moves past said sensor surface (4), and—a processing unit (11) which is adapted to estimate a property of at least a part of said wet gas flow (1).

The invention belongs to the metering technology category and the proposal is proposed to aim at overcoming the problems that the existing measuring facility is large and complicated in structure and difficult to realize online real-time measurement. A measuring facility of mixed fluid of oil, gas and water is composed of a vertical pipe section, a Venturi tube and a water content measuring device. The vertical pipe section is connected with a differential pressure transducer Delta P2, a pressure transducer P and a differential pressure transducer Delta P1. A cyclone and a sampling device are arranged at the position of the water content measuring device. A microwave or differential pressure type water content measuring meter is used. The cyclone throws the fluid toward the tube wall and can smoothly divert partial liquid through a sampling circular seam. Because the differential pressure function of a drainage tube can lead the liquid with the water content measured to smoothly return to a main tube, the stable liquid flow is formed, thus realizing real-time online measurement. The flow rate of each phase of the oil, gas and water can be obtained through further calculation of measured data according to a formula. The measuring facility and the measuring method are characterized by high precision, wide working range, low operating cost and stable performance and can reliably realize the real-time online measurement.

A calorie estimating device for measuring a calorie content of a food item is provided. The device comprises a holder substrate, a transmitter antenna configured to transmit ultra-wide band (UWB) signals to at least a portion of the food item disposed on a side of the holder substrate, wherein the transmitter antenna comprises a planar antenna, a first receiver antenna configured to receive at least a portion of UWB signals reflected by the food item, wherein the first receiver antenna comprises a planar antenna, and a second receiver antenna configured to receive at least a portion of UWB signals propagated through the food item, wherein the second receiver antenna comprises a planar antenna.

A toploading weighing instrumentality which determines loss on drying by a cylindrical microwave. The cylindrical cavity of the microwave includes a power supply, a magnetron, a power module operatively coupled between said power supply and said magnetron for driving said magnetron, a wave guide communicating with the magnetron and with a microwave containment chamber for delivering energy thereto, at least one microwave energy sensor for sensing microwave energy or magnetic and/or electric field strength within the chamber for controlling, inter alia, the loss on drying process of the sample being assayed and determining when the drying process is complete. A precision electronic balance is operatively disposed within the microwave chamber for allowing a specimen being assayed to be weighed. In addition, a ventilation chamber is provided for venting moisture from the microwave chamber. A processing unit and associated memory allows means for data acquisition, processing and storage of data from the power module driving the magnetron, the microwave energy sensor(s) for sensing magnetic and/or electric fields and the electronic balance for weighing the initial and final weights of the specimen for loss on drying moisture analysis. Both signaling the removal of microwave energy in the chamber.

In one embodiment a method for sensor reader calibration comprising: performing a calibration of a sensor reader wherein the calibration comprises open circuit calibration, a short circuit calibration, and a load circuit calibration, or any combination thereof in any succession; enabling connection of a pickup coil to the sensor reader to measure a sensor response; and applying a baseline correction to the sensor response, wherein the baseline correction is obtained utilizing measurements from the calibration step. In a further embodiment, a method for sensor response calibration incorporating environmental correction comprising: measuring a first resonance impedance spectrum of the sensor with a first applied power to the pickup coil; measuring a second resonance impedance spectrum of the sensor with a second applied power to the pickup coil; and applying a correction to the sensor response corresponding to the respective measured first and second resonance impedance spectrum to mitigate for environmental parameters.

The invention discloses a method and an apparatus for detecting deep soil humidity through microwave remote sensing, and relates to the technology of microwave remote sensing. The method for detecting deep soil humidity through microwave remote sensing is provided by utilizing an object-penetrative property of microwave low-frequency bands and also disclosed is the apparatus for detecting deep soil humidity through microwave remote sensing. Backscattering coefficients of soils are tested. Soil humidity of different depth is obtained through inverting a deep soil scattering model and a soil dielectric model. A three dimensional image of the distribution of soil humidity in a tested area is formed. The working frequency of the apparatus is in the VHF/UHF band. Soil dielectric constants and humidity parameters of different types of soils in a depth of 0.1-10 m can be detected in a contactless and lossless manner.

The invention relates to a method for determining the sandy soil moisture content based on a low-frequency ground penetrating radar ground method, which comprises the determining steps of: collecting ground penetrating radar data by utilizing a together-midpoint method to ensure the travel time of airwaves and ground waves; collecting the radar wave information of a soil section by utilizing a constant spacing method; calculating the dielectric constant of soil; substituting parameters to a formula to obtain the dielectric constant of soil; calculating the water content of soil; substituting the obtained soil dielectric constant epsilon to the formula theta=-5. 3*102+2.92*10-2epsilon-5.5*10-4epsilon2+4.3*10-6epsilon3 to obtain the soil water content. The method for determining the sandy soil moisture content based on a low-frequency ground penetrating radar ground method is suitable to the measurement of the soil water content in farmlands and small river basins, has the advantages of convenience, quick operation, high accuracy and no destruction and is especially suitable to the water content determination of sandy soil.

A Moisture and Density Detector (MDD) provides a method and apparatus to determine the moisture content and/or density, as well as presence and location of anomalies, and/or wood type of any dielectric material for various purposes. This device is very useful in detecting the moisture content of wood and wood-based materials, such as that of lumber in a dry kiln prior to, during and/or following drying. The MDD passes a radio frequency signal and/or any other signal between opposed or adjacent capacitance electrodes and measures the signal strength and phase shift of the signal. The addition of phase shift and multiple frequencies improves the accuracy of the results.

A toploading weighing apparatus which determines weight loss for a sample by drying the sample in a cylindrical microwave with a specific structure.

The invention which discloses a radar remote sensing method for detecting the distribution of the water content in soil in a depth direction relates to the radar remote sensing detection technology. The method comprises the following steps: 1, respectively adopting two modes of horizontal polarization and vertical polarization to measure the scattering field of the soil under multiple visual angle and multiple frequency observation; 2, filtering out components of direct waves in radar echoes; 3, scaling echo data; and 4, utilizing the scattering model and the dielectric constant of the soil to obtain the distribution of the water content in the soil in the depth direction. The radar remote sensing method for detecting the distribution of the water content in the soil in the depth direction of the invention allows the distribution of the water content in soil with the depth under the soil surface of 0-3m to be detected, and can be applied to ground, air and space base remote sensing monitoring platforms.

The invention provides a method for measuring large-area soil humidity, which comprises the following step of: mounting a vertical polarized receiving antenna, a GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver and a computer for carrying out signal processing. The measuring process is carried out by utilizing the interference effect of a GPS signal and a reflecting signal thereof. By utilizing the widely existing GPS signal as a signal source, the method can be used for carrying out all-weather large-area measurement, has low cost and more further simplifies a receiving device by utilizing the interference effect.

The invention relates to a microwave radar moisture sensor, in particular to a contact/non-contact medium continuous or point sensing type microwave radar moisture sensor. The microwave radar moisture sensor comprises a probe, a signal channel, a signal processor (DSP), a TPS interface, a microprocessor (MCU), an I2C interface and a driving interface, wherein the output port of the probe is provided with an antenna, and the antenna can be provided with a holder and a filter scraper; the signal processor (DSP) and the microprocessor (MCU) are managed by respective software respectively; a pre-detected signal is connected with the driving interface through the probe, the signal channel, the signal processor, the TPS interface and the microprocessor (MCU); in addition, the probe, a polarization separator and a signal transceiver form a loop; and the antenna is arranged on one side or two sides of a detection medium. Because the microwave radar moisture sensor belongs to a multi-sensor system, correlated variables of the sensor are provided with enough interfaces, and other probes for temperature and electric conductivity can be connected with the signal processor through the I2C so as to finish moisture parameter correction.

The invention discloses a quantitative evaluation method for cigarette density distribution uniformity. The method comprises the following steps: drawing a cigarette density distribution curve according to the characteristic that the cigarette density distribution is generally in a two-end dense distribution manner; extracting cigarette density data; and performing comprehensive evaluation on the cigarette density distribution uniformity according to the established evaluation index. The method disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of simplicity and feasibility, can realize quantitative evaluation of the cigarette density distribution uniformity and has significances on cigarette designing and coiling process.