518results about "Moisture content investigation using microwaves" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of water and soil conservation monitoring, and discloses a remote sensing image-based water and soil conservation monitoring method, which comprises the following steps of: 1, integrating optical, infrared and microwave remote sensing data, and constructing a soil information atlas; step 2, capturing soil humidity change in each season by using long-time-sequence data according to the soil information, and determining the influence of rainfall, snow melting and evaporation on the reflectivity; step 3, training data of each wave band through a deep neural network according to the influence information of the reflectivity; through an adaptive learning algorithm and a model parameter regular updating mechanism, the problem that in the prior art, characteristic spectrums of wet soil, vegetation and bare soil are overlapped due to seasonal changes is effectively solved, after the seasonal modulation factors are introduced, the system can accurately capture influences of natural factors such as rainfall, snow melting and evaporation on the soil reflectivity, and the soil reflectivity is improved. And model parameters are adaptively adjusted, so that the interference of reflectivity fluctuation on a monitoring result in wet and drought states is eliminated, and the stability of long-term monitoring is ensured.

The invention discloses a method for evaluating the influence of black land ecological barrier pattern evolution on agricultural climate and yield, and relates to the technical field of agricultural ecological environment monitoring and remote sensing model coupling. Comprising the following steps: S1, acquiring a high-resolution satellite image, microwave remote sensing earth surface humidity data, optical remote sensing vegetation coverage data and thermal infrared remote sensing earth surface temperature data of a target area; according to the method for evaluating the influence of the black land ecological barrier pattern evolution on the agricultural climate and the yield, the problem of lack of ecological-climate-agricultural system collaborative modeling in the traditional technology is solved. A high-resolution satellite image is used for analyzing a network topology structure of the protection forest, microwave and thermal infrared remote sensing are fused to invert'water, soil and gas generation 'multi-element parameters, and dynamic quantitative evaluation of ecological barrier spatial heterogeneity evolution on local climate and crop growth is realized in combination with a dynamic weight distribution and two-way nesting technology.

A disclosed leaky coaxial resonant sensor system and methods. In use, the system includes at least one split-ring resonator (SRR) embedded within a material of the component. The at least one SRR is formed from a composite material. Additionally, the at least one SRR is configured to resonate at a first frequency in response to an interrogation signal from a leaky coaxial cable antenna. In some aspects, each SRR may resonate at a first frequency in response to an electromagnetic ping when the composite material is in a first state, and may resonate at a second frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the composite material is in a second state. A resonant frequency of the composite material may be based on physical characteristics of the composite material.

The invention relates to the technical field of livestock breeding, in particular to a cow manure automatic scoring system and method.The cow manure automatic scoring system comprises an image acquisition unit, a physical property sensor, a chemical component detection module and a data processing unit.The image acquisition unit is used for capturing the form, color and fiber residue of manure; the physical property sensor is used for measuring the water content of excrement and evaluating the viscosity and hardness of the excrement; the chemical component detection module comprises a near infrared spectrum analysis unit and an electrochemical sensor unit; and the data processing unit is used for integrating an AI algorithm, realizing multi-source data fusion and scoring, and uploading the data to the cloud management platform through the communication module. Therefore, the problems that in the prior art, manual scoring is subjective, low in efficiency and difficult to quantify, diseases are difficult to find early due to the lack of rapid component detection means, and accurate nutrition regulation and control are difficult to achieve due to the fact that scoring data are difficult to integrate into a breeding system are solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of soil physical property detection, in particular to a soil moisture content intelligent monitoring control method and system, and the method comprises the steps: multi-modal sensor data collection: deploying a multi-modal sensor array in a to-be-detected soil area; interference compensation and correction; self-adaptive calibration is carried out; water phase state distinguishing and soil moisture content index calculation; 4, soil moisture content evaluation: comprehensively evaluating the actual water content, the effective water content, the soil moisture content index and the water phase state information obtained in the step 4, and setting different grade threshold values to obtain a soil moisture content evaluation result; and intelligent control decision and execution: taking the soil moisture content evaluation result as input, and generating a corresponding control decision. The intelligent monitoring and controlling system for the soil moisture content can monitor the soil moisture condition in real time and can improve the precision and efficiency of agricultural irrigation through intelligent compensation, calibration and decision optimization, and therefore the purposes of water saving and efficient crop management are achieved.

Methods, apparatus, and storage medium for providing real-time asphalt density and / or moisture content prediction with ground penetrating radar. A method includes using raw data from a ground penetrating radar sensing an asphalt concrete at a location; processing the raw data to obtain processed data; determining an asphalt density of the asphalt concrete at the location based on the processed data according to an asphalt density prediction model; determining a compaction status of the asphalt concrete at the location based on the asphalt density and a target compaction threshold; and outputting the compaction status of the asphalt concrete at the location to an operator for determining whether to continue or stop compacting the asphalt concrete at the location. In another method, moisture content for cold recycling and existing asphalt concrete pavement is predicted in real-time from using raw from data of ground penetrating radar mounted on a vehicle.

The invention discloses a soil water content inversion method and system based on L-band dual-polarization data and a medium, and belongs to the field of remote sensing technology and environment monitoring. The system comprises an SAR data acquisition module, an optical data processing module, a vegetation scattering separation module, an inversion model construction module, a spatial distribution calculation module and a risk assessment module, wherein the SAR data acquisition module is used for regularly acquiring L-band dual-polarized SAR data of a target area; the optical data processing module assists in identifying and separating vegetation scattering components by calculating vegetation indexes; the vegetation scattering separation module is used for extracting pure soil back scattering signals; the inversion model building module is used for training and optimizing a soil water content inversion model based on the pure soil back scattering signals and field sampling data; the spatial distribution calculation module is used for calculating a spatial distribution diagram of the surface soil water content of the target area; and the risk assessment module is used for carrying out landslide risk grade division and early warning management.

An RF-based material detection device includes an antenna connector, a first interchangeable antenna capable of being releasably coupled to the RF-based material detection device via the antenna connector, an RF transmitter unit operably connected to the antenna connector and configured to transmit an RF signal via the first interchangeable antenna into a first material at a specific resonance frequency for the first material, and an RF receiver unit operably connected to the antenna connector and configured to receive from the first material via the first interchangeable antenna a first modified signal in response to interaction of the RF signal with the first material, wherein the first interchangeable antenna includes one or more design characteristics optimized to detect the first modified signal from the first material.

The invention discloses a soil water content inversion method based on improved combination roughness, and relates to the field of remote sensing, and the method comprises the steps: synchronously obtaining a Sentinel-1 radar image and a Sentinel-2 optical image, and extracting different polarization backscattering coefficients, local incident angles and normalized water body indexes through preprocessing; the method comprises the following steps: generating a bare soil simulation backscattering coefficient data set, removing vegetation scattering contribution by using a water cloud model, obtaining a real bare soil backscattering coefficient, constructing a training set and a verification set containing actually measured soil water content, constructing a lookup table based on double models, and calculating the water content of the bare soil by minimizing a root-mean-square error between simulation and the real backscattering coefficient. Global search is carried out in a preset parameter space to determine an optimal earth surface root mean square height and a correlation length, a novel polynomial combination roughness is constructed, a physical correlation between the roughness and a backscattering coefficient is established, a dual-polarization empirical equation set is constructed, and simultaneous solution is carried out after parameters are optimized according to a criterion; according to the method, a more reasonable inversion result of the soil water content in a large range can be obtained.

An RF-based material detection device includes an antenna connector, a first interchangeable antenna capable of being releasably coupled to the RF-based material detection device via the antenna connector, an RF transmitter unit operably connected to the antenna connector and configured to transmit an RF signal via the first interchangeable antenna into a first material at a specific resonance frequency for the first material, and an RF receiver unit operably connected to the antenna connector and configured to receive from the first material via the first interchangeable antenna a first modified signal in response to interaction of the RF signal with the first material, wherein the first interchangeable antenna includes one or more design characteristics optimized to detect the first modified signal from the first material.

The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering material detection, and particularly discloses an asphalt mixture dynamic water stability comprehensive detection system which comprises a standard test piece preparation module, a dynamic load loading module, a diffusion behavior analysis module, a sealing failure verification module and a water stability evaluation module. A detection area is limited through closed sealing treatment, a staged progressive increase dynamic load is applied to simulate an actual working condition, a three-dimensional moisture diffusion map is constructed to analyze diffusion behavior parameters, and a dynamic water stability grade evaluation result is generated in combination with an intelligent matching algorithm. According to the method, edge water seepage interference can be effectively avoided, the moisture diffusion process is accurately monitored, the performance of the asphalt mixture is comprehensively evaluated, and a scientific basis is provided for pavement structure design and material optimization.

The invention relates to the technical field of carbon flux monitoring, and particularly discloses a carbon flux monitoring method and system based on soil drought remote sensing data, and the method comprises the steps: respectively collecting soil humidity remote sensing data and a soil vegetation coverage remote sensing image through a microwave sensor and an optical remote sensing sensor; performing resampling on the soil humidity remote sensing data and the soil vegetation coverage remote sensing image to realize spatial resolution alignment, and performing spatial distribution feature extraction on the soil humidity remote sensing data and the soil vegetation coverage remote sensing image after spatial alignment by adopting a deep learning algorithm; and pixel-level significance enhancement and fusion processing are carried out on the captured soil humidity distribution characteristics and vegetation distribution characteristics, so that nonlinear modeling of a dynamic influence mechanism of the soil drought degree on the vegetation growth state is realized, and intelligent estimation of the carbon flux is realized on the basis. In this way, the nonlinear regulation and control effect of soil drought stress on vegetation respiration and photosynthesis can be effectively described, and the efficiency and coverage range of carbon flux monitoring are improved.

A detection method and device for predicting railway mud swells and mud leaks, comprising: step 1, obtaining a railway subgrade filling coefficient, a cyclic loading coefficient, and a radar detection coefficient; step 2, calculating a railway mud swell and mud leak risk value based on the subgrade filling coefficient, the cyclic loading coefficient, and the radar detection coefficient; and step 3, setting a risk value threshold, comparing the mud swell and mud leak risk value with the risk value threshold, and predicting the occurrence of mud swell and mud leaks when the mud swell and mud leak risk value is greater than or equal to the threshold. The present invention not only improves the accuracy of subgrade geological radar detection but also comprehensively considers subgrade filling and cyclic loading. Compared to existing technologies, the present invention comprehensively considers the three necessary conditions for mud swell and mud leaks, quantitatively and comprehensively predicting railway subgrade mud swell and mud leaks, meeting the requirements of resource conservation and quality and safety engineering construction.

The invention discloses a moisture content measuring system and method based on a flexible conformal antenna sensor. Amplitude attenuation and phase deviation can occur when a microwave signal is propagated in a fluid to be measured, amplitude attenuation and phase deviation values are related to the dielectric constant of the fluid to be measured, and the dielectric constant of water at normal temperature is about 78 and is greatly different from the dielectric constant of oil or air. According to the invention, the moisture content information can be obtained by detecting the amplitude attenuation and the phase deviation value under the fixed frequency point. According to the invention, 0-100% full-scale moisture content measurement can be realized. The flexible conformal antenna sensor breaks through the fixed mode that the convex surface of a traditional conformal antenna radiates outwards, the design that the circular patch is embedded in the concave surface is adopted, the direction of a main wave beam is centripetally focused in the radial direction of a pipeline, directional radiation of electromagnetic waves to a to-be-detected fluid pipeline area is achieved, and the energy coupling efficiency between the electromagnetic waves and fluid is improved; and the dielectric property change of the whole watershed of the fluid is detected.

The invention belongs to the technical field of road engineering roadbed nondestructive testing, discloses a roadbed humidity nondestructive testing method based on wireless radio frequency signal multi-parameter inversion, and aims to solve the problems that a traditional roadbed humidity testing method is destructive, low in efficiency and discontinuous in monitoring or detection parameters are easily interfered. The method specifically comprises the following steps of: firstly, embedding an RFID tag and acquiring an on-site received signal strength indication value; then establishing a relation model of the received signal strength indication value and the roadbed moisture content, and extracting characteristic parameters only influenced by the moisture content; then, constructing a neural network model, taking the extracted characteristic parameters as input, and utilizing field data to train the model to invert the roadbed moisture content; and finally, the spatial distribution of the moisture content of the roadbed is obtained by combining the distribution of the test points and the roadbed structure information, so that the efficient, non-contact and continuous monitoring of the humidity state of the roadbed is realized.

The invention discloses a soil humidity inversion method and device, a medium and equipment, and relates to the technical field of microwave remote sensing inversion. According to the method, the total backscattering coefficient, the normalized vegetation index, the leaf area index and the average leaf inclination angle of the electromagnetic waves of the target area pixel by pixel are obtained in combination with microwave remote sensing data and atmospheric apparent reflectance data of the target area; according to the normalized vegetation index, the leaf area index and the average leaf inclination angle, spatial clustering is carried out on vegetation, spatial heterogeneity of crop types is captured, and then based on the constraint that the surface roughness parameters and the vegetation parameters of the same vegetation type are the same and the soil humidity in the same surface space window is the same, the spatial heterogeneity of crop types is obtained. Through two-stage iteration inversion of the intra-class scale and the ground surface space window scale, the time dynamic state is adapted, the parameter calibration function of the in-situ soil humidity data is replaced, and the model parameters and the soil humidity can be determined without the in-situ soil humidity data. According to the invention, the accuracy and reliability of the soil humidity inversion method are improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of ground surface matrix monitoring, and provides a portable multi-parameter ground surface matrix tester which comprises a shell; the mobile control interface is arranged above the shell and is used for being connected with external mobile equipment and controlling the portable multi-parameter earth surface matrix tester to enter a stratum exploration hole channel in a 360-degree rotation manner; the sensor module is arranged at the lower end of the shell and used for measuring physical and chemical parameters; the image detection module is arranged at the lower end of the shell and used for collecting image information of the stratum exploration hole channel in the rotating process and generating corresponding microscopic detection information; the visual auxiliary module is connected with the shell and is used for observing the microstructure and fracture distribution of the inner wall of the stratum exploration pore channel in real time and generating auxiliary detection information; and the control module is integrated in the shell and is used for determining the insertion position and angle of the portable multi-parameter earth surface matrix tester entering the bottom of the stratum exploration pore channel and generating an earth surface matrix three-dimensional distribution diagram of the stratum exploration pore channel.

The invention discloses a shield deslagging volume dynamic detection method and a detection system thereof, and relates to the technical field of shield deslagging volume metering, the method comprises the following steps: arranging sound wave and vibration sensors, collecting sound vibration signals in a deslagging process, and calculating to obtain a first volume estimation value; collecting propelling attitude and conveyor rotating speed information, calculating an attitude correction coefficient and correcting the first estimated value to obtain a second estimated value; based on the dynamic image sequence at the deslagging window, extracting section and trajectory features to form a third volume estimation value; detecting the water content of the muck through a microwave sensor, calculating a water content correction coefficient, and compensating and correcting an image estimation result to obtain a fourth volume estimation value; and finally, carrying out weighted fusion on the second and fourth estimated values to obtain the final deslagging volume. According to the method, multi-source information of sound vibration, vision and water content is fused, the precision and robustness of slag discharge volume estimation are effectively improved, the method adapts to complex working condition changes, and the safety and efficiency of shield construction are guaranteed.

The present disclosure provides a protective enclosure for electronic systems. The enclosure comprises a polymer-containing matrix and a metamaterial incorporated into the matrix. The metamaterial is tuned to a specific permittivity or permeability to absorb or reflect a particular frequency. The protective enclosure may be used to create a safe inner environment for electronic components while facilitating uninterrupted wireless communications to / from the outer environment. Additionally, the protective enclosure may be used to protect against electromagnetic interference. In particular, shielding metamaterials are configured individually or in combination to specifically shield (via reflection, absorption, etc.) against relatively wide bands of electromagnetic frequencies, while transparent metamaterials are configured specifically to pass electromagnetic signals within narrow bands of frequencies. This new approach resolves and vastly improves current shield solutions, such as Faraday cages. For example, tuned metamaterials may be configured across a variety of preconfigured frequencies, and can be constructed of lightweight materials.

The invention discloses a soil humidity sensing system and method based on millimeter wave radar, and relates to the technical field of agricultural Internet of Things and soil monitoring. In order to solve the technical defect that a soil humidity sensing system suitable for various agricultural environments is urgently needed in the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention comprises the following steps: acquiring millimeter wave radar echo signal intensity in a training stage; performing frequency domain transformation on the echo signal intensity, and constructing a two-dimensional signal intensity matrix with a frequency dimension and a virtual antenna dimension; constructing a neural network model based on the signal intensity matrix, and training the model according to the corresponding real soil humidity value; acquiring millimeter wave radar echo signal intensity in a test stage, constructing a corresponding signal intensity matrix, and inputting the signal intensity matrix into the trained neural network model for soil humidity prediction; and outputting the predicted soil humidity value as a sensing result. The system can be applied to non-contact real-time monitoring and precise irrigation management of soil humidity in smart agriculture.

The invention discloses a wellhead water content measuring method based on a double-frequency microwave directional antenna sensor, and the double-frequency microwave directional antenna sensor comprises two first microwave directional antennas, two second microwave directional antennas, an annular disc and a pipe body, the annular disc is annular, the annular disc is sleeved outside the pipe body and is fixedly installed with the pipe body, and the pipe body is fixedly installed on the annular disc. The two first microwave directional antennas are located above the annular disc, and the two second microwave directional antennas are located below the annular disc; the two sides of the pipe body in the radial direction are each provided with one first microwave directional antenna, and the two sides of the pipe body in the radial direction are each provided with one second microwave directional antenna. Dielectric constants and dielectric losses of oil and water are remarkably different, so that phase deviation occurs when a high-frequency microwave signal is propagated in an oil-water mixed medium, and the water content in oil-water two-phase flow is obtained by analyzing phase voltage signals with different frequencies through a double-frequency microwave directional antenna sensor.

According to a method, model generation includes receiving inputs comprising actual soil properties comprising moisture values at a training ground surface and corresponding ground depths, temperature, surface-RF antenna distance, and antenna vibration. RF signals across a first frequency range are emitted toward the ground surface, and characteristic values determined based on reflected energy. The model is iteratively trained to observe correlations between various inputs and characteristic values at corresponding frequencies. Real-time and non-contact moisture estimation includes corresponding inputs, and a vector network analyzer identifies target frequency ranges as subsets of the first range, and directs RF emittion across the target range toward the ground. Using characteristic values determined from reflected RF signals and further reference to the trained model, moisture values for the current ground surface and corresponding depths are estimated, and an output signal generated for display, control of irrigation, planting depth, etc.

The invention relates to a grain unmanned sampling quality inspection device and process, and belongs to the technical field of grain detection, and the grain unmanned sampling quality inspection device comprises a sampling mechanism used for sampling grains; the reserved sample packaging machine is used for packaging the reserved sample grains; the sample mixing and separating machine is respectively connected with the sampling mechanism and the reserved sample packaging machine and is used for mixing and separating the grains sampled by the sampling mechanism, and the reserved grains are conveyed to the reserved sample packaging machine to be packaged; an impurity unmanned inspection machine; an unmanned intelligent inspection machine; the inspection result inquiry machine is used for acquiring grain quality information; and the pneumatic conveying mechanism is used for conveying grains. Compared with a traditional manual or semi-automatic inspection mode, the inspection efficiency is greatly improved, manual intervention is reduced, and the labor intensity is reduced.

The invention relates to the technical field of coal quality detection, in particular to an online detection method and system for the quality of coal as fired. Comprising the following steps: a multi-modal data acquisition step: respectively acquiring a microwave scattering parameter and a surface element characteristic spectrogram through a microwave chromatography sensor array and a surface spectrum detector; a physical field inversion and modeling step: reconstructing a complex dielectric constant distribution diagram based on scattering parameters, and establishing a three-dimensional physical distribution model containing density and moisture; a field-spectrum coupling deduction step: taking the characteristic spectrogram as a boundary constraint, and deducing internal chemical element distribution in combination with the complex dielectric constant distribution diagram; volume weighted quantization: executing volume weighted integration for the three-dimensional physical model and the chemical distribution, and outputting comprehensive coal quality parameters; according to the method, the detection blind area of a single technology is eliminated, and the representativeness and the safety of coal as fired total cross-section detection are remarkably improved.

The invention discloses an automatic monitoring system for water and soil conservation of a runoff plot. The automatic monitoring system comprises a multi-dimensional sensor network, an edge intelligent processing node and a cloud collaborative analysis platform. The invention relates to the technical field of water and soil conservation monitoring, in particular to an automatic monitoring system for water and soil conservation of a runoff plot, which integrates total factor data of vegetation, soil, runoff and the like through a multi-dimensional sensor network and breaks through the limitation of traditional single-parameter monitoring. The edge intelligent processing node realizes data real-time analysis and abnormal early warning, and solves the delay problem of cloud dependence; low-power-consumption communication and an energy strategy guarantee long-term stable operation in a complex environment; the cloud collaboration platform deeply analyzes a water and soil loss rule based on a fusion model and GIS visualization, provides quantitative decision support for measures such as vegetation recovery and engineering soil fixation, constructs a complete closed loop of collection-processing-analysis-decision, and comprehensively improves the accuracy and intelligent level of water and soil conservation monitoring.

The invention relates to the technical field of moisture content measurement, and discloses a corrugated board moisture content measurement method and system, and the method comprises near infrared spectrum data, microwave transmission data and acoustic vibration data; calculating a spectral feature vector; constructing a microwave response matrix; determining an acoustic damping coefficient; calculating stability indexes of the spectral feature vector, the microwave response matrix and the acoustic damping coefficient in a preset time window, and calculating a consistency index and a confidence coefficient weight; fusing the spectral feature vector, the microwave response matrix and the water content corresponding to the acoustic damping coefficient through a Kalman filtering algorithm, and outputting initial water content; dynamically adjusting a process noise covariance matrix of Kalman filtering, and when the residual error of any data source exceeds a preset statistical threshold value, resetting the confidence coefficient weight corresponding to the data source to zero; and repeatedly executing fusion, and outputting the water content. According to the method, three measurement means of near infrared, microwave and acoustics are adopted, the water content state of the corrugated board can be represented more comprehensively, and the water content measurement precision is improved.

The invention provides an atmospheric humidity profile inversion method based on a Unet3 + neural network. The atmospheric humidity profile inversion method comprises the following steps: constructing an atmospheric humidity profile inversion model based on Unet3 + MHS microwave data; performing radiometric calibration, projection conversion and quality control on the multi-channel brightness temperature observed by the original satellite; the method comprises the following steps: selecting long-time scale radiation brightness temperature data in a Chinese area range and specific humidity data of ERA-5 corresponding to time and space to make a data set; and performing humidity profile inversion according to the humidity profile inversion model of the brightness temperature data constructed in the step S1. The method has the advantages that the Unet3 + model in deep learning and microwave sensor data which are not affected by time and weather are combined, and the problems that the space distribution of the atmospheric humidity profile is small, and the time resolution is low can be further solved; the method provides atmospheric condition data with higher temporal and spatial resolution for numerical weather forecast research, and has good application value.

The invention provides an in-situ rock mechanical parameter detection method, device and system.The in-situ rock mechanical parameter detection method comprises the steps that an in-situ test point of a to-be-detected rock is determined, and the to-be-detected rock is preprocessed; performing in-situ acoustic detection, in-situ optical detection and in-situ electromagnetic inversion detection on the in-situ test point of the rock to be detected to obtain detection data; the detection data comprises an ultrasonic signal, a hyperspectral image and electromagnetic data; performing deep fusion processing on the detection data to obtain fused data; and calling a pre-trained multi-physics field coupling model, carrying out real-time comprehensive analysis on the fusion data, and determining mechanical parameters of the rock to be tested. By means of the method, information loss caused by sample disturbance or single testing means in a traditional method is avoided, mutual influence and correlation of different physical quantities in the in-situ environment are fully considered, and the problem that an existing rock mechanical parameter detection method is single is solved.

Flow meter and method for measuring the flow velocity of an oil continuous multiphase flow, said flow including water droplets. The flow meter including at least one magnetic field generator configured to provide a magnetic field with a known strength into said flow, the flow meter also including at least one sensor for measuring the charge at the sensor relative to a ground level, the sensor being positioned at a distance from the center of the magnetic field axis and the flow axis, in essentially the same axial position as the magnetic field axis, wherein the meter also including a calculating means for calculating a measure of the flow velocity based on the measured charge.

A sensor apparatus includes a sensor head and a measurement unit. The sensor head includes a first probe and a second probe. The first probe includes a first tiny antenna section for transmission and a second tiny antenna section for transmission. The second probe is arranged at a predetermined distance from the first probe, and includes a first tiny antenna section for reception and a second tiny antenna section for reception. The measurement unit generates a measurement signal that includes information regarding characteristics of a propagation of an electromagnetic wave in a medium between the first tiny antenna section for transmission and the first tiny antenna section for reception, and information regarding characteristics of the propagation of the electromagnetic wave in the medium between the second tiny antenna section for transmission and the second tiny antenna section for reception. The first probe and the second probe have different probe lengths, or a distance between the first tiny antenna section for transmission and the first tiny antenna section for reception, and a distance between the second tiny antenna section for transmission and the second tiny antenna section for reception are different from each other.