802 results about "Radiometer" patented technology

This invention generally relates to automated shade systems that employ one or more algorithms to provide appropriate solar protection from direct solar penetration; reduce solar heat gain; reduce radiant surface temperatures; control penetration of the solar ray, optimize the interior natural daylighting of a structure and optimize the efficiency of interior lighting systems. The invention additionally comprises a motorized window covering, radiometers, and a central control system that uses algorithms to optimize the interior lighting of a structure. These algorithms include information such as: geodesic coordinates of a building; solar position; solar angle solar radiation; solar penetration angles; solar intensity; the measured brightness and veiling glare across a surface; time, solar altitude, solar azimuth, detected sky conditions, ASHRAE sky models, sunrise and sunset times, surface orientations of windows, incidence angles of the sun striking windows, window covering positions, minimum BTU load and solar heat gain.

This invention generally relates to automated shade systems that employ one or more algorithms to provide appropriate solar protection from direct solar penetration; reduce solar heat gain; reduce radiant surface temperatures; control penetration of the solar ray, optimize the interior natural daylighting of a structure and optimize the efficiency of interior lighting systems. The invention additionally comprises a motorized window covering, radiometers, and a central control system that uses algorithms to optimize the interior lighting of a structure. These algorithms include information such as: geodesic coordinates of a building; solar position; solar angle solar radiation; solar penetration angles; solar intensity; the measured brightness and veiling glare across a surface; time, solar altitude, solar azimuth, detected sky conditions, ASHRAE sky models, sunrise and sunset times, surface orientations of windows, incidence angles of the sun striking windows, window covering positions, minimum BTU load and solar heat gain.

Apparatus for detecting vulnerable plaques embedded in the wall of a patient's blood vessel includes an intravascular catheter containing a microwave antenna, an extra-corporeal radiometer having a signal input, a reference input and an output, a cable for electrically connecting the antenna to the signal input, and a device for applying an indication of the patient's normal tissue temperature to the reference input so that when the catheter is moved along the vessel, the locations of the vulnerable plaques are reflected in a signal from the output as thermal anomalies due to the higher emissivity of the vulnerable plaques as compared to the normal tissue. A second embodiment of the apparatus has two coaxial antennas in the catheter serving two radiometers. One measures the temperature at locations in the vessel wall, the other measures the temperature at the surface. By subtracting the two signals, the locations of vulnerable plaque may be visualized. The apparatus employs a special diplexer for separating the signals from the two antennas and a method of detecting and possibly destroying the plaques is also disclosed.

Apparatus for aligning an ablation catheter and a temperature probe relatively for an ablation procedure includes an ablation catheter with a first antenna for ablating tissue at an ablation site in a patient's body and a temperature probe for placement in a body passage having a wall portion adjacent to the ablation site so that a second antenna in the probe is positioned opposite the first antenna. A microwave source provides a pulse modulated microwave signal to one of the antennas and a radiometer is in circuit with the other antenna. A synchronizing device in circuit with the microwave source and the radiometer enables the radiometer to synchronously detect the microwave signal so that the radiometer provides an alignment signal whose strength reflects the degree of alignment of the first and second antennas which signal may be used to control an alignment display. An alignment method using the apparatus is also disclosed.

A method for measuring the contact force exerted on tissue by a probe for heating the tissue and containing an antenna which is connected to a radiometer whose output reading indicates the temperature at depth of the tissue contacted by the probe comprises displaying the output reading of the radiometer, applying sufficient power to the probe to heat the tissue to a selected first temperature that is not lethal to the tissue, moving the probe into contact with the tissue, observing the increase in the displayed temperature reading that occurs when the probe contacts the tissue, and advancing the probe toward the tissue until the displayed temperature reading reaches a value corresponding to a selected tissue contact force. After the probe position in the tissue has stabilized, the applied power to the probe may be increased to heat the tissue to a selected second temperature that is lethal to tissue for a sufficient time to ablate the tissue followed by lowering the tissue heating to a sub-lethal temperature. Apparatus for practicing the method is also disclosed.

A radiometric heating / sensing probe for radiating electromagnetic waves of a first frequency capable of heating tissue and detecting electromagnetic waves of a second frequency emitted by the tissue indicating tissue temperature. The probe includes a dual frequency antenna, a signal transmitting path to the antenna and a signal receiving path from the antenna to a radiometer. A diplexer connected between those paths inside the probe includes a quarter wave stub in the form of a shorted slab line-type transmission line in the signal transmitting path. The entire probe package is only about 0.4 in. long and 0.08 in. in diameter so that it can be used in many minimally invasive applications.

The present invention provides systems and methods for radiometrically measuring temperature during ablation. An interface module includes a processor; a first input / output (I / O) port configured to receive digital radiometer and thermocouple signals from an integrated catheter tip (ICT) that includes a radiometer; a second I / O port configured to receive ablative energy from an electrosurgical generator; a temperature display; a patient relay in communication with the first and second I / O ports and the processor; and a computer-readable medium storing radiometer and thermocouple operation parameters and instructions for causing the processor to: calculate a temperature adjacent to the ICT based on the radiometer and thermocouple signals and the operation parameters, causing the temperature display to display the calculated temperature, and closing the patient relay so as to pass ablative energy received on the second I / O port to the first I / O port.

A method for measuring the contact force exerted on tissue by a probe for heating the tissue and containing an antenna which is connected to a radiometer whose output reading indicates the temperature at depth of the tissue contacted by the probe comprises displaying the output reading of the radiometer, applying sufficient power to the probe to heat the tissue to a selected first temperature that is not lethal to the tissue, moving the probe into contact with the tissue, observing the increase in the displayed temperature reading that occurs when the probe contacts the tissue, and advancing the probe toward the tissue until the displayed temperature reading reaches a value corresponding to a selected tissue contact force. After the probe position in the tissue has stabilized, the applied power to the probe may be increased to heat the tissue to a selected second temperature that is lethal to tissue for a sufficient time to ablate the tissue followed by lowering the tissue heating to a sub-lethal temperature. Apparatus for practicing the method is also disclosed.

The invention relates to a rock burst predicting and warning method, which effectively and accurately predicts and warns the rock burst and ensures safety in coal production. The rock burst predicting and warning method comprises the following steps of: performing shock bump monitor on a whole coal field, determining the magnitude, and analyzing generation and motion law of the shock bump in the whole coal field; mounting a Poland micro-quake system on upward and downward roads and a main haulageway in the mining area to perform on-line continuous monitor; mounting a micro-quake system probe on a working surface, mounting a micro-quake monitor probe in an important anti-scour area of the working surface to perform overall arrangement, drilling a coal wall or a top plate, placing the probe in the hole bottom and the hole wall, perform electromagnetic radiation monitor on a tailentry and the main haulageway by using an electromagnetic radiometer to, arranging a monitor probe in the important anti-scour area to perform overall arrangement, monitoring the coal pressure, and inputting the monitored parameters into a computer to perform comprehensive analysis, so as to accurately predict the rock burst. Various items of monitor are integrated together, the predicting and warning accuracy is increased, and the rock burst predicting and warning method provides the technical support for eliminating the rock burst condition and reducing the loss due to rock burst.

The invention discloses an imaging spectrometer absolute radiation calibration method and belongs to the field of optical metrological testing. The method utilizes a high-stability radiation source combination imaging system, a beam-splitting system and an integrating sphere to generate uniform monocolor radiation through a heavy-caliber parallel collimator to form collimated radiation to be received by a standard radiometer with a precise diaphragm and a measured imaging spectrometer, spectral radiant luminance on an entrance pupil face of the measured imaging spectrometer is calibrated by the standard radiometer, and full wavelength absolute radiation calibration of the imaging spectrometer can be realized. The imaging spectrometer absolute radiation calibration method solves the problem of absolute radiation calibration of current imaging spectrometers, measuring of responsivity uniformity of the imaging spectrometer can also be realized, and the imaging spectrometer absolute radiation calibration method has the advantages of high calibration accuracy and wide application prospect.

The present invention provides systems and methods for temperature-controlled ablation using radiometric feedback. An interface module may include (a) a processor; (b) a first input / output (I / O) port to receive digital radiometer and digital thermocouple signals from an integrated catheter tip (ICT); (c) a second I / O port to receive ablative energy from a generator; (d) a temperature display; (e) a patient relay; (f) a computer-readable medium storing instructions for causing the processor to: (i) calculate a temperature adjacent to the ICT based on the digital radiometer and thermocouple signals and operation parameters; (ii) cause the temperature display to display the calculated temperature; and (iii) close the patient relay to pass ablative energy received on the second I / O port to the first I / O port; and (g) a temperature control subsystem to regulate the ablative power based on the calculated temperature.

Apparatus for detecting vulnerable plaques embedded in the wall of a patient's blood vessel includes an intravascular catheter containing a microwave antenna, an extra-corporeal radiometer having a signal input, a reference input and an output, a cable for electrically connecting the antenna to the signal input, and a device for applying an indication of the patient's normal tissue temperature to the reference input so that when the catheter is moved along the vessel, the locations of the vulnerable plaques are reflected in a signal from the output as thermal anomalies due to the higher emissivity of the vulnerable plaques as compared to the normal tissue. A second embodiment of the apparatus has two coaxial antennas in the catheter serving two radiometers. One measures the temperature at locations in the vessel wall, the other measures the temperature at the surface. By subtracting the two signals, the locations of vulnerable plaque may be visualized. The apparatus employs a special diplexer for separating the signals from the two antennas and a method of detecting and possibly destroying the plaques is also disclosed.

A radiometer includes an integrally mounted digital camera aligned to image the energy zone of the radiometer. When digital photographs are taken they are time stamped and stored in memory. The images may be viewed on a viewer integrated into the radiometer digital camera system or downloaded to a computer for formatting or viewing.

The invention relates to a method by utilizing passive microwave remote sensing data AMSR-E to invert surface temperature. The method comprises three steps of: step 1, collecting MODIS (moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer) surface temperature product which is provided by an American Earth Observation Data Center and used as AMSR-E surface temperature data by latitude and longitude control, and establishing a training and testing database; step 2, utilizing a neutral network to perform repetitive training and testing; and step 3, performing inversion calculation on AMSR-E actual image data, and actual surface verification and application analysis. The product obtained by the method has high precision, and overcomes the effect of clouds and partial raining on thermal infrared.

A microwave thermography apparatus to measure temperatures within a dielectric body comprises a partial ellipsoidal cavity with an electrical conductive surface wherein the body can be located at one focus of the cavity. A microwave antenna located at a second focus of the cavity is connected to a radiometer. That radiometer amplifies and filters signals from the antenna before they are applied to a detector with the temperature of the body being determined from the voltage amplitude of the detected signals.

A temperature controlled welding, soldering and heating system having a plurality of light sources of different wavelengths for simultaneously irradiating a tissue sample and an IR radiometer for providing tissue sample temperature reading in real time, the temperature readings used for controlling the light sources. In a preferred embodiment, the sample is a tissue sample and the light sources are lasers.

Thermal images of an object are produced outdoors so as to be significantly differentiated temporally and / or geometrically and be inclusive of natural background such as would be illuminated by sunlight. A calibration of the thermal imager (e.g., radiometer) against theoretical blackbody radiation is effected using measured incident radiation, resulting in a calculated pixel intensity. A system transfer function calculation of the pixel intensity is effected, resulting in a radiance. A matrix inversion calculation of all of the radiances considered together is effected, resulting in a bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). Advantageously, the BRDF is determined from the target in a direct but mathematically-enhanced manner, thereby making economic use of natural illumination and obviating the need for modelling, simulating or reconstructing the target.

The invention discloses a method for modeling a rice and wheat leaf nitrogen content spectrum monitoring model and belongs to the field of nondestructive monitoring of crop growth information in precision agriculture. The method comprises the following steps of: fusing rice and wheat canopy leaf reflectance spectrum data which is acquired by a field high-spectrum radiometer with rice and wheat canopy leaf nitrogen content data; and establishing a canopy leaf nitrogen content spectrum monitoring model orienting different growth periods of rice and wheat based on narrow band and wide band combination. The optimal vegetation index orienting a rice and wheat jointing and booting stage and a heading and grain filling period is established by utilizing multi-point rice and wheat field test data in many years; and rice and wheat canopy leaf nitrogen content common characteristic wave band and bandwidth are developed. The model covers different species and different nitrogen levels of rice and wheat, utilizes a data validation model in an independent year, and is high in universality and high in accuracy.

Apparatus for aligning an ablation catheter and a temperature probe relatively for an ablation procedure includes an ablation catheter with a first antenna for ablating tissue at an ablation site in a patient's body and a temperature probe for placement in a body passage having a wall portion adjacent to the ablation site so that a second antenna in the probe is positioned opposite the first antenna. A microwave source provides a pulse modulated microwave signal to one of the antennas and a radiometer is in circuit with the other antenna. A synchronizing device in circuit with the microwave source and the radiometer enables the radiometer to synchronously detect the microwave signal so that the radiometer provides an alignment signal whose strength reflects the degree of alignment of the first and second antennas which signal may be used to control an alignment display. An alignment method using the apparatus is also disclosed.

The present invention is directed to a hand-held infrared thermometer or radiometer (1) for measuring, remotely, the temperature of a target surface (3). In one embodiment, the radiometer includes an infrared detector (7), associated optical system (7), and associated circuitry and an LCD display (21). Built into or mounted on the radiometer is a distance measuring device (2), the operation of which is controlled by the radiometer. The device (2) includes an ultrasonic transmitter / receiver (12) and associated circuitry for calculating, from a comparison of the transmitted and received pulses, the distance of the radiometer from the target surface. The distance-to-target is displayed on the LCD display (21).

The invention provides a foundation-based atmosphere profile microwave detector. The detector is characterized by comprising an antenna feeder unit, a radiometer receiving unit and a scanning mechanism unit, wherein the antenna feeder unit comprises two independent antenna feeder sub-units for two wavebands and is provided with two-frequency independent reflective surfaces; the two independent antenna reflective surfaces are arranged at two ends of the output shaft of a scanning motor respectively, can realize beam scanning through motor rotation, and are used for receiving microwave radiation of atmosphere and an internal calibration reference source; the radiometer receiving unit comprises a directional coupler, a radio amplifier, a power divider, a band pass filter, a square law detector, an integrator and a video amplifier, and is used for realizing intermediate frequency detection of a received signal; the scanning mechanism unit comprises a scanning shaft, a scanning step motor, two front ends and a sub-miniature type A (SMA) connector; and driven by the scanning motor, the scanning shaft drives the two reflective surfaces to circumferentially scan so as to realize observation on sky in different incident angles and measurement on an internal calibration blackbody and acquire data which is acquired in a measurement and periodic internal calibration unit.

Microwave warming apparatus includes a housing defining a heating waveguide with a heating cavity. An integral internal electrically conductive ridge projects from one of the longitudinal waveguide walls and extends along the waveguide. A slot having opposite ends extends from the outside through the ridge into the heating cavity, the slot being adapted to receive a cartridge containing a tube so that the tube extends through the slot into the heating cavity. Electromagnetic energy is coupled into the heating waveguide to heat the contents of the tube. A transducer constituted by a first receiving waveguide inside the ridge is adjacent to the slot so that when a cartridge is received in the slot, the transducer can sense the thermal radiation emanating from a segment of the tube and produce a corresponding waveguide-generated signal. A radiometer in the housing is responsive to the waveguide-generated signal and produces a temperature indicating signal.

The invention discloses a spectrum programmable light source system applied to hyper-spectrum calibration. The spectrum programmable light source system applied to hyper-spectrum calibration comprises a light source. An optical filter, a collimation system, a cylindrical lens coupled system, a slit, a collimation objective and a dispersion element are sequentially placed on a light path in front of the light source, an imaging system and a digital micromirror device are sequentially arranged on a light path in front of the dispersion element, a light collection lens and an optical fiber coupler are arranged on a light path of useful light modulated by the digital micromirror device, wherein the optical fiber coupler is connected with a integrating sphere, a light splitting radiometer is arranged on the integrating sphere, and feedback control is conducted and target spectrums are simulated through a spectrum simulation program and monitoring the light splitting radiometer. A focusing system and a garbage light collector are sequentially arranged on a light path of garbage light modulated by the digital micromirror device, and the garbage light is eliminated. The spectrum programmable light source system applied to hyper-spectrum calibration can simulate accurately the target spectrums and reduce the effect of inconsistence of calibration light source spectrums and the target spectrums to a calibration result. The spectrum programmable light source system applied to hyper-spectrum calibration accurately measures radiation quantity, and is favorable to improving optical radiation calibration accuracy of a sensor.

The invention relates to a method for measuring chlorophyll content of fresh tobacco leaf of flue-cured tobacco based on canopy multi-spectra, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: measuring the canopy spectra of the flue-cured tobacco from a resettling stage to a budding early stage by a multispectral radiometer; establishing vegetation indices; measuring the chlorophyll content of the middle part of the reciprocal fifth leaf of the corresponding plant by a colorimetric method in a laboratory; establishing a model for inverting the chlorophyll content of the leaf by the canopy spectra parameters by a statistical method; measuring the canopy spectra parameters of a sample to be measured; and inputting the canopy spectra parameters into the model, thereby realizing measuring of the chlorophyll content of the flue-cured tobacco leaf. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages of in-situ measurement, no need of sampling, no injury to tobacco plants and no need of chemical reagents; compared with a hyperspectral radiometer, the invention has larger cost advantage and is more suitable for agricultural production; measurement can be finished only by acquiring data of a 550nm channel and a 730nm channel; and the data processing method and process are simple.

A radiometer system includes a dual channel, quadrature hybrid amplifier circuit that receives an antenna signal and a known reference signal to equalize gain in two parallel gain stages. A detector circuit receives a signal from the quadrature hybrid amplifier circuit and detects the signals to form a detected output for eliminating sensitivity to gain variations, improving dynamic range of the input signal, and reducing calibration requirements. A log ratio amplifier receives and linearizes the detected output. An integrator circuit receives a signal from the log ratio amplifier and sums the signal over an observation.