The invention discloses a micro area visible spectrometer and a spectrum measurement method. The micro area visible spectrometer comprises two optical path supports, i.e. a horizontal optical path support and a vertical optical path support; and a transmission output module, a reflection output module, a microscopy module, an imaging observation module, a spectral measurement module, an adjustable diaphragm and a sample three-dimension adjusting table which are arranged on the two optical path supports, wherein the horizontal optical path support and the vertical optical path support enable an optical path to be communicated through a reflecting mirror; the transmission output module, the reflection output module and the microscopy module are fixed on the vertical optical path support, and the imaging observation module, the adjustable diaphragm and the spectral measurement module are fixed on the horizontal optical path support. The micro area visible spectrometer provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, high stability, convenient regulation and convenient expansion, and can realize microscopic observation on a sample, can carry out transmission-type and reflection-type visible spectrum measurement on the sample of 5 micron multiplies 5 micron or more in an effective light transmission area.