188 results about "Radiation transfer" patented technology

A method for processing remotely acquired imagery data includes identifying a region of lowest intensity in each of a plurality of different images for a plurality of different spectral bands and estimating first values for upwelling path radiance for each of the different images according to an intensity in the region in each of the different images. The method further includes selecting a visibility value and calculating second values for the upwelling path radiance for each of the different images, each of the second values based on a radiation transfer model, the radiation model generated using the visibility value and the meta-data. The method can also include comparing the first and the second values for the upwelling path radiance for the different images, adjusting the visibility value based on the comparison, and repeating the calculating, the comparing, and the adjusting steps until a termination condition is met.

The invention discloses a retrieval method for an aerosol optical thickness based on high resolution satellite image data. The retrieval method specifically comprises the following steps: 1) establishing a lookup table according to a 6S radiation transfer model; 2) carrying out high resolution data preprocessing, comprising radiometric calibration, geometric correction and cloud detection, acquiring original apparent reflectance and observation angle information, and acquiring atmospheric parameters according to the observation angle information and the lookup table; 3) calculating the normalized differential vegetation index of each pixel, and determining a red-blue wave band relation corresponding to each pixel according to the vegetation index and priori knowledge provided by the invention; and 4) inverting the aerosol optical thickness according to the satellite observed apparent reflectance, the atmospheric parameters and the red-blue wave band relation. According to the remote sensing retrieval method for the aerosol optical thickness disclosed by the invention, aerosol monitoring can be carried out on high solution satellites effectively, and a data source can be provided for regional and urban atmospheric environment and pollution.

A system (100) for processing remotely acquired imagery is provided. The system (100) includes a storage element for receiving imagery data defining a first image of a panchromatic image type using a sensor characterized by a panchromatic spectral response curve and a second image of a multi-spectral image type using at least one other sensor characterized by a plurality of multi-spectral response curves associated with a plurality of optical bands. The first image has a first spatial resolution and a first spectral resolution. The second image has a second spatial resolution lower than the first spatial resolution and a second spectral resolution higher than that first spectral resolution. The system (100) also includes a processing element configured for deriving a radiation transfer model based on meta-data associated with one of the first and the second image and for determining a set of spectral weights for down-sampling the second image to the first spectral resolution based on the radiation transfer model and the panchromatic and the multi-spectral response curves.

The invention discloses a method for inverting surface soil physical parameters through passive microwave remote sensing. The method comprises the steps as follows: step one, brightness temperature data and MPDIes (microwave polarization difference indexes) of an AMSR-E passive microwave remote sensing brightness temperature image are acquired by a launched satellite-borne passive microwave remote sensing meter AMSR-E; step two, a relationship of smooth surface reflectance, surface soil roughness parameters, MPDIes and vegetation optical thickness is acquired through deduction; step three, surface soil humidity mv and soil roughness h are calculated; and step four, the surface soil temperature TS is calculated. The method is based on a simplified passive microwave radiation transfer equation and combined with the MPDIes, a Q/H surface soil roughness model, a vegetation optical thickness model, a Fresnel equation and the like, so that a physical inversion model for the surface soil determinant attribute parameters including the soil temperature, the surface soil temperature and the soil roughness is constructed; and the method can be used for inverting the surface soil temperature, soil humidity and surface roughness distribution of China and even the global region and has important scientific significance.

The invention discloses a method for dynamic threshold method remote sensing data cloud identification supported by the prior surface reflectance. The method comprises the steps that a, a prior surface reflectance database is established, national MODIS surface reflectance data are collected, and synthesis is conducted through a minimum value synthesis technology so that an MODIS high-accuracy surface reflectance data set can be formed; b, a dynamic threshold detection model is established on the basis of a 6S radiation transfer model, a change tendency of the apparent reflectance of the visible light and near-infrared band surface reflectance is simulated through the 6S radiation transfer model under different atmosphere and observation conditions, the minimum value and the maximum value of the change of the apparent reflectance of clear sky pixels are obtained under all the possible conditions, and a dynamic threshold cloud and cloud shadow detection model is established through nonlinear least square fit; c, data cloud and cloud shadow detection is conducted according to an HJ star CCD, the established dynamic threshold detection model is used for conducting an information extraction experiment of cloud identification and a cloud shadow. The method can effectively improve the cloud identification accuracy of satellite data with fewer wave bands.

The invention discloses a flame three-dimensional temperature field measurement imaging device, a flame three-dimensional temperature field measuring device and a flame three-dimensional temperature field measuring method. The imaging device comprises a main lens and a camera detector surface, and is characterized in that a microlens array is arranged between the main lens and the camera detector surface, a virtual focal plane of the microlens array and a virtual image surface of the main lens are coplanar, and the microlens array is used for imaging light rays entering the main lens onto different pixels on the camera detector surface. Compared with the traditional camera, the imaging device provided by the invention can distinguish light ray directions, further establishes a radiation transfer model, obtains a flame three-dimensional temperature field through adopting an inversion algorithm, records radiation information of flame in all directions more accurately, and is more precise in measurement results; and compared with the tomographic technology based on a plurality of cameras, only the single imaging device is needed without using a plurality of cameras, complex synchronization control of the cameras is not required, and the measuring system is simple and easy to implement.

The invention relates to a high temperature semitransparent material spectrum direction apparent emissivity inversion measuring device and method, belongs to the technical field of high temperature physical function material hot measurement and aims to solve the problems of low accuracy, low temperature upper limit, narrow measuring waveband and existence of dead measuring angle in the conventional semitransparent material spectrum direction apparent emissivity measurement. According to the invention, a fourier infrared spectrometer is used for measuring the high temperature normal direction transmissivity and the high temperature normal direction emissivity of a semitransparent material respectively, further the spectral refractivity and the spectral absorption factor of the semitransparent material are computed according to a radiation transfer inverse problem solving method, and finally the high temperature spectrum direction apparent emissivity of the semitransparent material is computed through the spectral refractivity and the spectral absorption factor of the material. The invention provides a method capable of accurately measuring the spectrum direction apparent emissivity of the semitransparent material, and can be widely applied to various fields of aviation, military, energy sources, chemical engineering and atmospheric sciences and the like.

The invention discloses a method and a system for observing atmospheric transmittance in real time. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: 1) measuring the atmospheric aerosol data and the meteorological condition of an area according to a passively remote sensing actinometer, an actively remote sensing laser radar, an automatic weather transmitter and a visibility meter; 2) matching the measured data and conducting multi-data collaboration use according to a nearest neighbor time matching principle within a dynamic time period; and 3) creating an atmospheric subdivision profile or the whole atmosphere content information on the basis of the observation data, and calculating in real time the spectral transmittance and the average spectrum transmittance between the observation location and the target location. The more accurate observation result is coupled to a MODTRAN radiation transfer model to calculate in real time the atmospheric transmittance. According to the method and the system provided by the invention, the target of measuring and calculating in real time the atmospheric transmittance is fulfilled, the observation data are processed in real time, and the transmittance spectrum between any positions of the atmosphere is rapidly calculated.

The invention provides an atmosphere profile inversion method based on a foundation hyperspectral microwave radiometer, and belongs to the technical field of microwave remote sensing. The atmosphere profile inversion method based on the foundation hyperspectral microwave radiometer comprises the following steps of setting system parameters of the foundation hyperspectral microwave radiometer, acquiring background parameters and background field errors, establishing a radiation transfer model, determining atmospheric radiation transmission brightness temperature, and inverting an atmosphere profile by using the iterative process of a variational method. Through the utilization of the atmosphere profile inversion method based on the foundation hyperspectral microwave radiometer, the accurately inverted atmosphere profile can be obtained through the foundation hyperspectral microwave radiometer, and the atmosphere profile inversion method is especially suitable for multi-channel radiometers and detection situations of insufficient prior data, enables a large amount of frequency band information provided by the foundation hyperspectral microwave radiometer to be used completely, and has strong adaptability and small detection errors.

A cascaded photovoltaic/thermophotovoltaic energy conversion apparatus, a cascaded thermophotovoltaic energy conversion apparatus, and a method for forming the apparatuses are provided. The cascaded photovoltaic/thermophotovoltauc apparatus includes a photovoltaic device that receives solar radiation on an upper surface thereof and produces a first electric current output and a thermal radiation output, and a thermophotovoltaic device disposed a predetermined distance below a lower surface of the photovoltaic device, the thermophotovoltaic device receiving the thermal radiation output and converting the received thermal radiation output into a second electric current output. The cascaded thermophotovoltaic apparatus includes a radiator maintained at constant temperature via an external heat input on its upper surface and produces a thermal radiation output, and a thermophotovoltaic device disposed a predetermined distance below a lower surface of the radiator, the thermophotovoltaic device receiving the thermal radiation output and converting the received thermal radiation output into a first electric current output.

The invention discloses a method for determining full-field-of-view apparent spectral radiance of a satellite-borne optical remote sensor. The method comprises the steps that firstly, an optical remote sensing satellite observation model and a scene are simulated, a satellite remote sensor model, an observation object, a satellite orbit and an attitude parameter are set, and the scene is restrained; secondly, an optical remote sensing satellite full-field-of-view observation parameter is calculated; finally, the optical remote sensing satellite full-field-of-view apparent spectral radiance is determined. According to the method, determination of the apparent spectral radiance received by the remote sensor is based on a radiation transfer theory, and simulation is conducted on the whole radiation transfer link including the earth, a ground object target, the background characteristics, the atmospheric conditions and the satellite-borne optical remote sensor according to the operating characteristics of a satellite platform and the remote sensor; the apparent spectral radiance received by the view field positions corresponding to pixels at different positions of the focal plane of the remote sensor is determined according to the pixels one by one through radiation transfer model software.

The invention discloses an atmospheric correction method and an atmospheric correction module for a satellite remote-sensing image. The atmospheric correction method comprises the following steps of: establishing an atmospheric correction parameter look up table (LUT) by virtue of a 6S (second simulation of a satellite signal in the solar spectrum) radiation transfer model, designing parallel atmospheric correction models driven by a data block and a functional chain by virtue of the master-slave parallel program design mode of a message passing programming model MPI (message passing interface), and then realizing parallel atmospheric correction based on the 6S radiation transfer look up table, thus effectively solving the problems of the time and the accuracy of atmospheric correction for the satellite remote-sensing image. The atmospheric correction method and the atmospheric correction module disclosed by the invention are suitable for operational atmospheric correction for various satellite remote-sensing images.

Aimed at the current situation of poor on-orbit absolute radiometric calibration precision, the invention provides an on-orbit absolute radiometric calibration method based on a benchmark satellite. Sunlight with appropriate intensity is reflected onto a to-be-calibrated remote sensor by a diffuse reflection plate on a benchmark satellite, the influence of atmospheric conditions on a radiation transfer path is got rid of, an accurate apparent radiance is obtained, and thereby an accurate absolute calibration coefficient is obtained. In the invention, the sun, the benchmark satellite and the to-be-calibrated remote sensor are integrated into a geocentric coordinate system, so that the distance between each two of the three and the incidence angle and emergence angle of sunlight on the surface of the diffuse reflection plate on the benchmark satellite can be conveniently obtained, a radiation transfer link model from the sun to the benchmark satellite and to the to-be-calibrated remote sensor is created, and finally, calibration is complete.

The invention discloses a ground short wave infrared CO2 vertical column concentration remote measuring device, wherein a system drives a telescope system by a two-dimensional motor to perform high-precision tracking measurement on the direct sunlight and collect the direct sunlight which runs through air, then calculates out a weighting function curve of CO2 by using a radiation transfer model, and analyzes out the vertical column concentration information of the CO2 by using a least square method; a light filter and a focusing lens are arranged sequentially on a light path behind the telescope system, the light emitted from the focusing lens is precisely imaged on an incident slit of a spectrograph arranged in a constant-temperature box through a silica fiber, after being dispersed by the spectrograph, the light is imaged on a indium-gallium-arsenic detector, and after an analogue-digital conversation, the light then is transmitted into a computer for processing; meanwhile, a GPS (global positioning system) is arranged in the device, and the GPS is communicated with the computer through a USB (universal serial bus) data line. The device can be used for CO2 vertical column concentration measurement in air and emission source emission supervision monitoring and researching.

The present invention relates to a vegetation region hyperspectral image simulation method. Aiming at multispectral data, vegetation biochemical parameters are calculated and vegetation biochemical parameter images are obtained to employ a typical vegetation radiation transfer model PROSAIL to input the vegetation biochemical parameters into the model to realize hyperspectral image simulation and obtain high-precision spectrum images so as to improve the information content, reduce the manufacturing cost and improve the efficiency.

The invention discloses a modular manufacturing method for a heating furnace. The method comprises the following steps that all modules and radiation fragments are prefabricated in a factory; foundation treatment is performed; the radiation fragments are lined; a furnace bottom is mounted; end walls on one sides are mounted; inner side walls, connecting profile steel among the inner side walls and inner side wall furnace tubes are mounted; outer side walls and outer side wall furnace tubes are mounted; end walls on the other sides are mounted; furnace top modules are mounted; radiation exhaust pipes are subjected to welding heat treatment; a radiation transfer convection gas flue is mounted; the furnace bottom and the radiation transfer convection gas flue are lined; the furnace is baked; convection modules are mounted; a stack is mounted; oil transfer lines are subjected to welding heat treatment; a convection module attached frame and a ladder platform are mounted; an overall hydrostatic test is performed; and outer surface treatment is performed, and identifications are marked. The modular manufacturing method for the heating furnace has the advantages that advantages of modular manufacturing are fully played, the manufacturing period is shortened, the manufacturing cost is lowered, and the manufacturing quality is improved.

A radiation source suitable for providing a beam of radiation to an illuminator of a lithographic apparatus. The radiation source comprises a nozzle configured to direct a stream of fuel droplets along a trajectory towards a plasma formation location. The radiation source is configured to receive a first amount of radiation such that, in use, the first amount of radiation is incident on a fuel droplet at the plasma formation location, and such that, in use, the first amount of radiation transfers energy to the fuel droplet to generate a radiation generating plasma that emits a second amount of radiation. The radiation source further comprises a first sensor arrangement configured to measure a property of the first amount of radiation that is indicative of a focus position of the first amount of radiation; and a second sensor arrangement configured to measure a property of a fuel droplet that is indicative of a position of the fuel droplet.

The invention relates to a radiation intensity-based method for simulating the radiation transfer of a complex terrain area. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) inputting a digital elevation model of a research area, calculating the orientations of surficial grid bins and making data preparation; (2) inputting a sun incidence position and energy distribution state data and calculating initial solar radiation flux density received by each surficial grid bin; (3) calculating visible factors among the surficial grid bins by a computer graphics method; (4) inputting spectral characteristic data of the surficial grid bins and establishing a radiation intensity equation of the complex terrain area; (5) solving the radiation intensity equation by a numerical iteration method to obtain the radiation flux density of each surficial grid bin after the radiation is balanced; and (6) calculating a directional reflectance ratio factor and surficial grid bin radiance of the complex terrain area according to the sampling location of a sensor and realizing accurate simulation and calculation of a radiation transfer process of the complex terrain area.

The invention discloses a flame three-dimensional temperature distribution reconstruction method based on bi-spectral radiation information. The flame three-dimensional temperature distribution reconstruction method is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) dividing a flame microelement according to acquired flame bi-spectral radiation information and establishing a flame radiation transfer equation; 2) setting a target function, iteratively updating a flame absorption coefficient according to a reconstruction algorithm and reconstructing a flame three-dimensional temperature field. The flame three-dimensional temperature distribution reconstruction method based on the bi-spectral radiation information, disclosed by the invention, has the benefits that in the iterative solution process of the algorithm, a non-negative least squares algorithm is used, so that the non-negativity of the spectral radiation intensity of each of parts of flame can be guaranteed; the absorption coefficient of each of the parts of the updated flame is also mapped to a set interval, so that the non-negativity of the absorption coefficient is guaranteed; the algorithm has stronger robustness, isindependent of an initial value and can still maintain higher accuracy and better convergence under the situations that inputted data is larger in error, and a random numerical value is set without providing a priori iterative initial value.

The invention relates to a combustion process measurement technology and provides a flame temperature field particle gas concentration field measurement method based on a hyperspectral image. The method comprises building a hyperspectral flame imaging system, acquiring spatial and spectral radiation image information of flame, building a model and an algorithm according to a flame radiation transfer process and a reverse ray tracing process, calculating a flame temperature, a particle concentration and a gas concentration through the hyperspectral image of flame, and simultaneously reconstructing a flame three-dimensional temperature field, a particle concentration field and a gas concentration field. Compared with the traditional colorful camera, the measurement method can acquire the spatial and spectral projection data of flame and rebuild the mold through a reverse ray tracing method, has short calculation time, realizes online real-time monitoring of flame and has the characteristics of more flame measurement parameters, simple device, short treatment process and real-time online monitoring of flame state change.

The invention provides a remote-sensing image atmosphere proximity effect correction method based on atmosphere separation MTF. The method includes the steps that firstly, remote sensor on-orbit imaging MTF, static remote sensor MTF and satellite platform MTF are acquired respectively, wherein the remote sensor on-orbit MTF is acquired from a remote sensor image through a knife-edge method, the static remote sensor MTF is acquired through testing in a remote sensor laboratory, the satellite platform MTF is acquired through satellite platform on-orbit test parameters in a simulation mode, and the atmosphere MTF is worked out though the remote sensor on-orbit imaging MTF, the static remote sensor MTF and the satellite platform MTF according to on-orbit remote sensor image degradation mechanism; secondly, a two-dimension smoothing convolution kernel of an atmosphere proximity effect is built by using the atmosphere MTF and according to the finite long-digital filter theory; finally, for an optical remote sensing image after absolute radiation correction, atmosphere correction is conducted by using an MODTRAN atmosphere radiation transfer model, convolution is conducted by using the built two-dimension smoothing convolution kernel, and the remote image without the atmosphere proximity effect is finally obtained.

The invention discloses a method for determining the heat-flow density in an opening of a solar cavity type heat absorber. Each of two sidewalls of an inlet of the cavity type heat absorber is provided with CCD cameras uniformly; the CCD cameras shoot other walls of the cavity type heat absorber; a CCD target surface is separated into m image position points, and software Matable is used to process shot images to obtain the radiation energy intensity Iccd-i of each image position points; the inlet of the cavity type heat absorber is separated into Mc surface units, and the radiation transfer factor RDi, j from the ith image position point to the jth surface unit of the inlet of the cavity type heat absorber in the CCD target surface is obtained by utilizing a reverse Monte Carlo method; and an energy relation equation set between the surface units in the inlet of the cavity type heat absorber and the image position points of the target surface of the CCDs is established, and is solved via a damped least squares QR method to obtain the heat-flow density distribution in the inlet of the solar cavity type heat absorber. An indirect convenient method is provided for measuring light spots in the inlet of a tower type solar heat absorber.

Antistatic graphite composite polyamide plastics with high heat radiation of the invention comprise the following components by weight: 20-40 wt% of graphite, 40-60 wt% of polyamide; 10-20 wt% of water-soluble silicate which is the combination of any one or two substances of lithium silicate and sodium silicate; 1-8 wt% of hexagonal boron nitride; 2-5 wt% of bismaleimide; 0.5-2 wt% of silane coupling agents; 0.25-1 wt% of antioxidant 168; 0.25-1 wt% of antioxidant 1010. During processing, water-soluble silicate is mixed with graphite powder; high-temperature copolymerization is performed by the mixture and polyamide; microchannels for heat radiation are formed and are used for cross ventilation; thus high heat-radiation radiation transfer effect is generated, and the plastics are providedwith good heat radiation performance.

The invention discloses a surface soil moisture inversion method based on passive microwave remote sensing data. The method comprises the following steps that a soil component spatial distribution image and a microwave brightness temperature spatial distribution image of each wave band are acquired; the average effective temperature of the earth surface is calculated by utilizing vertical and horizontal polarization brightness temperature data of a K waveband, and a microwave brightness temperature polarization difference index of an X waveband is constructed by utilizing vertical and horizontal polarization brightness temperature data of the X waveband; the surface average effective temperature and the microwave brightness temperature polarization difference index of the X waveband are substituted into a soil dielectric constant mathematical model and a microwave radiation transfer model so as to solve the optical thickness of vegetation and the dielectric constant of soil; and the dielectric constant of the soil is substituted into a soil moisture content inversion model, and calculation is made so as to acquire the surface soil moisture content. The method has the advantage thatafter verification, compared with a data value obtained through an original algorithm, and a data value of the soil moisture content calculated through an improved inversion algorithm has higher inversion precision under a waterish surface condition.

The invention provides an MODIS remote-sensing inversion method for phytoplankton absorption characteristics of a high-turbidity eutrophic lake. The MODIS remote-sensing inversion method comprises thesteps that based on intrinsic optical data actually measured in the field, through radiation transfer simulation, a high-turbidity eutrophic lake water body absorption coefficient database is established, by combining wave band characteristics of MODIS satellite data, a parameter selection method is optimized, and the MODIS remote-sensing inversion method suitable for a surface layer water body absorption coefficient of the high-turbidity eutrophic lake is constructed. The method can provide an important remote-sensing theoretical basis for accurately obtaining the surface layer water body absorption coefficient of the high-turbidity eutrophic lake based on the MODIS satellite data.