The invention relates to a
brightness temperature imaging method and
system for air hidden detection, and the method comprises the following steps: 1, carrying out the modeling of an air shielding detection model, and obtaining a model that a
radiometer is buried in sandy soil and a detection object is above the sandy soil; 2, the model is subdivided into a plurality of small areas or grids; 3, setting different
dielectric constants on the measured surfaces of the target object, the sandy soil and the
atmosphere, performing
ray tracing, and simulating a propagation path of
millimeter waves from the
sky to the ground; 4, taking the Green's second theorem as a starting point, and utilizing a Kirchhoff
residence phase approximation method and a Kirchhoff scalar approximation method to solve the transmission scattering problem of the
Gaussian rough surface; 5, inverting the
brightness temperature to the emission source point according to the
brightness temperature and the
transmission coefficient of the
ray terminal to obtain the total brightness temperature of each position; generating an unprocessed brightness temperature map in the detected scene through accumulation calculation of multiple reflections and transmissions of rays in each medium; and 6, performing
data processing on the brightness temperature map by using
Gaussian filtering, and outputting a brightness temperature imaging result.