53 results about "Snowmelt" patented technology

The invention discloses an intelligent early warning method and system for snow-melting flood. The method comprises the following steps: constructing digital twin integrating snow-melting confluence and hydrological hydrodynamic force; collecting multi-source monitoring information, and forming driving data through quality control and spatio-temporal interpolation; driving data are input into digital twinning, and model parameters and states are updated through data assimilation; simulating snow-melting runoff, water level and flow to obtain snow-melting flood probability prediction; the method comprises the following steps of: solving a river reservoir gate pump scheduling scheme by using a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm by taking reservoir outlet flow, gate opening and pump station starting and stopping as decision variables, calculating a water level, flow and a submerging range in digital twinning, and selecting a target scheme according to an evaluation rule to generate a scheduling instruction and graded early warning information; monitoring data is collected during scheduling execution and compared with probability prediction, and when the deviation exceeds a threshold value, data assimilation and scheduling scheme updating are triggered. According to the invention, the snow-melting flood forecasting precision and flood control scheduling collaboration are improved.

The invention relates to an urban non-point source pollution identification method and system based on rainfall events. The method comprises the following steps: step S100, decomposing rainfall data of a continuous time sequence into independent rainfall events and snowfall events; step S200, dividing grid units, and performing runoff calculation in each unit so as to obtain runoff information of spatial distribution; wherein the rainfall event runoff is estimated by adopting a runoff curve hydrological model method; calculating snow melting runoff by adopting a temperature index snow melting model; s300, estimating the average event concentration of the rainfall event by adopting an accumulation and scouring formula, and estimating the average event concentration of the snow melting event by using average observation values in different land utilization types; and step S400, realizing refined identification and accurate estimation of urban non-point source pollution load by integrating urban functional area characteristics, surface runoff simulation and event average concentration simulation of pollutants. The method is suitable for estimating the rainfall runoff pollution load in a large-scale region with relatively limited water quality monitoring data.

The invention discloses a sediment prediction method and system for oscillation period strategy snow ablation optimization, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining sediment data characteristics, enabling a drainage basin to comprise a plurality of nodes, and calculating the snow melting runoff of each node according to the sediment data characteristics; according to the snow melting runoff of each node, calculating the initial sand production concentration of each node; and constructing a sediment prediction model, inputting sediment characteristic data and corresponding actual sediment concentration to the sediment prediction model to obtain a trained sediment prediction model, inputting real-time sediment data to the trained sediment prediction model, and outputting predicted sediment concentration by the trained sediment prediction model. According to the method, historical sediment data are acquired, and a graph convolutional neural network is constructed for learning complex nonlinear mapping from snow melting-runoff generation to sediment transportation, so that the problems of weak generalization ability and strong data dependence of an existing snow melting period sediment prediction method are solved.

This invention relates to a snowmelt flood prediction method and system based on a physical information neural network, specifically in the field of snowmelt flood prediction. By embedding physical constraints such as shallow water equations and energy conservation equations into the neural network model, the accuracy and stability of prediction are improved while maintaining physical consistency. It can effectively compensate for the shortcomings of traditional empirical models in terms of spatiotemporal continuity and generalization under extreme scenarios. At the application level, this invention can realize the fully automated operation of the entire process from meteorological data input, snowmelt and runoff calculation, flood evolution prediction to risk level assessment. The system can output multi-time step water depth, flow velocity and inundation range results based on real-time or forecast meteorological conditions, and combine them with population density, land use and infrastructure distribution data to generate flood risk zoning maps and early warning information, providing a scientific basis for watershed flood control scheduling, engineering design and disaster emergency management.

The invention discloses a method and a device for heat preservation and decoration of an outer wall of a building. The method comprises the following steps: providing a plurality of first pipes which extend in parallel along a first direction and are fixed on the outer wall of the building, wherein the first direction is the height direction of the building; a plurality of second pipes which are connected to the first pipes in the second direction perpendicular to the first direction and fixed to the outer wall of the building are provided, so that the first pipes and the second pipes form a square frame on the outer wall of the building, and the heat preservation material is laid in the square frame to form a heat preservation layer so as to conduct heat preservation on the outer wall of the building; a hanging plate is provided, the hanging plate covers and is fixed to the square frame, and the first pipe and the second pipe are heat insulation pipes with hollow cavities. While heat preservation of the building outer wall is ensured, rain and snow water is prevented from permeating into the heat preservation layer of the building outer wall from the outside through cracks formed by cracking of the outer facade of the heat preservation layer, and cracking of the outer facade of the heat preservation layer caused by leakage and frost heaving of the heat preservation layer is further avoided.

This application relates to a method for quantitative analysis of snowmelt runoff based on a distributed hydrological model. The method includes: determining the snowmelt volume of each hydrological structure along each target snowmelt movement path at the current time, based on a preset distributed hydrological model, a preset hydrological cycle process, and target snowmelt movement paths corresponding to each hydrological structure in a sub-basin; determining the snowmelt migration amount along each target snowmelt movement path at the current time step based on the snowmelt volume, wherein the snowmelt migration amount includes at least the snowmelt runoff generation; and determining the total snowmelt runoff of each hydrological structure at the current time step based on the snowmelt runoff generation corresponding to each target snowmelt movement path. This method can improve the accuracy of snowmelt runoff analysis.

The application discloses a snowmelt runoff prediction method and system based on direct measurement of snow water equivalent, and belongs to the technical field of hydrological monitoring. The system comprises a cooperative observation network composed of an acoustic source array emitting coded acoustic waves and a sensing optical fiber laid on the ground surface; a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing demodulator for receiving a snow layer modulated vibration signal; a fusion inversion calculation unit adopting a physical information neural network algorithm, embedding an acoustic wave fluctuation equation as a constraint into network training, and directly inverting a continuous spatial distribution of the snow water equivalent from the signal; and a runoff prediction module for predicting runoff by using the distributed data. The application breaks through the limitations of traditional point measurement and satellite remote sensing, realizes direct, high-resolution and high-precision surface measurement of the snow water equivalent, fundamentally improves the input data quality of the snowmelt runoff prediction model, and has the characteristics of high precision, strong reliability and cost-effectiveness.

The application discloses a potential landslide identification method and system based on surface deformation cause analysis, and the method comprises the following steps: obtaining radar data and preprocessing to obtain surface deformation phase data; an IDANet-1 network is constructed and trained to predict a surface deformation abnormal area; the terrain DEM data, multi-temporal MODIS data and optical image data are processed respectively to obtain surface subsidence type, glacier snowmelt type and mine subsidence type surface deformation areas, and after set operation, the landslide type surface deformation target is obtained by difference set operation with the surface deformation abnormal area; the IDANet-2 network is trained by using the landslide type surface deformation identification data set; and wide-area comprehensive remote sensing data are input into the IDANet-2 network model for reasoning to obtain wide-area potential landslide hidden danger distribution information. Through the technical scheme, multi-level joint of multi-source multi-modal remote sensing data is realized, surface deformation information is accurately identified, and the identification efficiency of potential landslide hidden dangers in a large area is effectively improved.

The invention discloses a snow removing agent spraying device, and relates to the technical field of road snow removing equipment, the snow removing agent spraying device comprises a moving vehicle, a grinding assembly, a feeding assembly and a spraying assembly are arranged on the moving vehicle, the grinding assembly comprises a first grinding box, a stirring frame is rotatably arranged on the inner side of the first grinding box, and a plurality of stirring rollers are arranged on the circumference of the bottom of the stirring frame at equal intervals in a rolling mode; a plurality of grinding wheels are rotatably arranged at the bottom of the stirring roller at equal intervals, a rotary grinding roller and a fixed grinding roller are arranged at the bottoms of the grinding wheels, the feeding assembly comprises a partition plate, a snakelike heating pipe is installed in the partition plate, and a pushing plate, a first flattening plate and a second flattening plate are movably arranged on the partition plate; according to the design, a granular snow removing agent is ground into powder, and the snow removing agent is dried, so that melting of the snow removing agent on a road surface can be accelerated, the spraying uniformity of the snow removing agent is effectively improved, and powerful support is provided for efficient snow removing operation.

The utility model discloses an air filter device with waste gas drainage, which relates to the technical field of air filters and comprises an air filter, an air inlet of the air filter is connected with a primary air inlet pipe, an air outlet of the air filter is connected with an air inlet of an engine supercharger through a secondary air inlet pipe, and an air outlet of the engine supercharger is connected with an exhaust pipe. The primary gas inlet pipe is provided with a mechanical heating filter screen, and the mechanical heating filter screen is communicated with the exhaust pipe through a waste gas inlet drainage pipe and is used for introducing high-temperature waste gas; the waste gas after heat exchange is discharged through the waste gas degassing drainage pipe; the mechanical heating filter screen comprises at least two rows of cross-shaped star-shaped column tubes which are arranged in a staggered mode, a hollow tube used for conveying waste gas is arranged in the center of each cross-shaped star-shaped column tube, and the outer wall of each cross-shaped star-shaped column tube is a concave arc-shaped heat exchange face. According to the utility model, waste gas of the engine is directly utilized for heat dissipation, and through a mechanical filtering structure, air inlet snow melting and water removal are realized during operation under a snowstorm condition, and the risk that an air filter of the engine is blocked by the snowstorm is avoided.

The snow melting heating device comprises an installation back box, a connecting rubber strip is installed at one corner of the top of the front face of the installation back box in an embedded mode, a pressure sensor is bonded to the bottom of one side of the connecting rubber strip, and a connecting inclined rubber strip is bonded to the top of the connecting rubber strip. Mounting sealing rubber sheets are bonded to the positions, corresponding to the top of the mounting back box, of the top ends of the connecting inclined rubber strips, cleaning vertical plates are fixedly connected to the positions, corresponding to the side faces of the mounting back box, of the bottoms of one sides of the mounting sealing rubber sheets, and heating transverse plates are embedded in the middles of the two ends of the inner sides of the cleaning vertical plates; according to the snow melting heating device, auxiliary heating is conducted on the cleaning vertical plate through the heating transverse plate, so that falling of small ice particles condensed on the outer side of the cleaning vertical plate is accelerated, potential safety hazards caused by the fact that a large ice piton is formed at the bottom of the eave are prevented, the convenience and efficiency of snow melting and ice removing of the eave are effectively improved, and the use convenience of the snow melting heating device is effectively improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of mine engineering, and particularly discloses a method for constructing a groundwater model influenced by snow melting supply based on CMA-RA / Land data. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a CMA-RA / Land data set of a research area and creating data extraction points; a meteorological variable time sequence corresponding to each data extraction point is extracted from the data set, and spatial interpolation and unit conversion are carried out; determining a source sink item based on the meteorological variable time sequence and in combination with an underground water burial depth condition; establishing a groundwater model, setting initial and boundary conditions, taking the source sink item as an input parameter and setting condition combination, and simulating a groundwater dynamic process by adopting the groundwater model; and based on the simulation result, an SHAP method is adopted to analyze and output characteristics of the underground water model, and the underground water model influenced by snow melting supply is obtained according to analysis and optimization of the underground water model. The method has the characteristics of easiness in data acquisition, clear physical significance of parameters and strong certainty of simulation results.

The invention relates to the technical field of snow-melting pad production, in particular to a manufacturing method of a rubber snow-melting pad, which comprises the following steps: wiring and weaving, preparing a rubber sheet, laminating, vulcanizing and forming by adopting gas stripping model vulcanizing equipment, and demolding. The prepared rubber snow melting pad has high tensile strength and high tear resistance, can effectively bear repeated loads of high stress points of decks, stairs and the like, and is not easy to crack; the three-layer laminated structure is combined with an accurately controlled vulcanization process, so that firm physical and chemical combination between the heating layer and the polyurethane base material is ensured, and the heat conduction efficiency is high; when the gas demolding vulcanization equipment is used for vulcanization treatment, a plurality of forming holes communicated with the inner cavity are uniformly distributed in the bottom wall of the cavity of the lower hot mold, and the anti-skid convex points are uniformly, synchronously and upwards pushed by utilizing gas pressure, so that the uniform distribution of demolding force is realized; cracking of roots of the anti-skid convex points, material shortage and overall buckling deformation of the pad body caused by uneven distribution of ejection force are avoided, and the demolding integrity of products and the yield of finished products are improved.

The utility model relates to the technical field of snow melting and deicing, and discloses a helipad snow melting and deicing device which comprises a snow clearer, the bottom of the snow clearer is fixedly connected with a protection box, the bottom of the protection box is fixedly connected with a fixing plate, the top of the fixing plate is fixedly connected with a first electric push rod, and the top of the first electric push rod is fixedly connected with a second electric push rod. A triangular sliding block is fixedly connected to the driving end of the first electric push rod, a sliding column is slidably connected to the top of the triangular sliding block, a push plate is fixedly connected to the top of the sliding column, an injection pipe is fixedly connected to the interior of the push plate, a sliding barrel is fixedly connected to the top of the injection pipe, and a spring is fixedly connected to the top of the sliding barrel. And the top of the spring is fixedly connected with a fixed box. According to the parking apron, the situation can be avoided through the reasonable using amount of the snow-melting agent, the flatness and the structural integrity of the surface of the parking apron are maintained, the snow-melting agent is a consumable material, waste can be avoided through quantitative using, and therefore the using cost is reduced.

The invention relates to the technical field of freezing ring science, and provides a near-surface icing risk dynamic assessment method for a complex mountainous area, and the method comprises the steps: introducing a radiation terrain factor, an accumulated snow albedo inhibition mechanism, and air cooling correction for a rasterized weather and surface temperature input field, and constructing an energy index; integrating rainfall, snow melting, humidity, wettability and other elements to obtain a humidity index; and introducing a persistent background index of an annual / seasonal scale as a background enhancement factor, thereby integrating the energy index, the humidity index, the background enhancement factor and the icing phase state indication to obtain a corresponding icing risk score. Therefore, a systematic process framework from data preprocessing, physical mechanism diagnosis and hydrological process constraint to risk comprehensive assessment can be provided, and the risk of near-surface icing in a complex mountainous area can be assessed efficiently and accurately.

This invention relates to the field of data evaluation technology, and discloses a multi-source mapping data fusion evaluation method and system for agricultural insurance. The method includes: acquiring images of a target planting area before and after the snowmelt period; extracting the reflectance difference of the snow spectrum of each plot unit in the images under shaded and unshaded conditions to obtain the change in snow cover rate of the plot unit per unit time; identifying accelerated ablation blocks in the target planting area based on the change in snow cover rate; and constructing a snowmelt runoff catchment tree based on the topological connection between the water runoff direction of the slope where the accelerated ablation block is located and the downstream plots; based on the snowmelt runoff catchment tree, this invention can solve the problems of existing technologies having ambiguity in determining the range of runoff scour caused by snowmelt, lacking a nighttime temperature correction mechanism for runoff freezing, and having large deviations between simulated snowmelt flow and actual conditions.

The application discloses a runoff prediction method and model explanation method based on a machine learning model, and comprises the following steps: dividing a runoff variation period into a snowmelt influence period and a precipitation dominant period, and determining a plurality of snowmelt runoff prediction factors of the snowmelt influence period and a plurality of precipitation runoff prediction factors of the precipitation dominant period respectively; obtaining a snowmelt influence period data set and a precipitation dominant period data set, and training a snowmelt influence period machine learning model and a precipitation dominant period machine learning model by using the snowmelt influence period data set and the precipitation dominant period data set respectively; inputting the plurality of snowmelt runoff prediction factors and the plurality of precipitation runoff prediction factors into the snowmelt influence period machine learning model and the precipitation dominant period machine learning model respectively, and obtaining a runoff prediction result of the snowmelt influence period and a runoff prediction result of the precipitation dominant period. The runoff prediction method improves the accuracy of the prediction result by establishing runoff prediction models in different hydrological variation periods.

The invention discloses a snow-melting rainfall composite erosion gully remote sensing image extraction method and system, and belongs to the technical field of remote sensing image processing and geological disaster monitoring. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a high-resolution optical satellite image and an unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey image, and generating a high-precision digital earth surface model by adopting a motion recovery structure algorithm; constructing a spectrum-texture-terrain three-branch attention fusion network to realize erosion gully pixel-level segmentation; morphological parameters are automatically measured, and the erosion development stage is judged according to the channel head activeness and the channel connectivity; and analyzing seasonal morphological change characteristics to distinguish snow melting dominant type, rainfall dominant type and composite action type erosion gullies, and establishing an evolution prediction model.

The cold region snow melting runoff erosion prevention and control diversion method comprises an adjusting bin and a treatment bin, the adjusting bin is arranged at one end of the treatment bin, a driving wheel and a driven wheel are rotationally connected to one side of the interior of the adjusting bin, a belt is connected between the driving wheel and the driven wheel, a motor is fixed to the upper end of the interior of the adjusting bin, and the motor is fixed to the lower end of the interior of the treatment bin. The output end of the motor is fixedly connected with the driving end of the driving wheel, a rotating cylinder is fixed in the driven wheel, a screw rod is in threaded fit with the interior of the rotating cylinder, a dredging brush head is fixed to one end of the screw rod, a secondary filtering layer is arranged in the treatment bin corresponding to the dredging brush head, and a receding bin is arranged at the lower end of one side of the adjusting bin. A reserved opening is formed in one end of the receding bin. The flow guide device is good in flow guide effect and easy to disassemble, assemble and maintain.

This application discloses a method, apparatus, equipment, and medium for reservoir water level regulation in arid and semi-arid regions. The method includes: constructing a flood hydrograph corresponding to the target flood season based on hydrological sequence data calculated from hydrological, meteorological, and snowmelt sequence data; determining the target regulation duration based on the flood hydrograph with a reference peak flow; determining the water level reduction based on the reference peak flow and the target regulation duration; determining the water level rise based on the required water replenishment and the duration of the target flood season; determining the flood control water level range based on the water level reduction and rise; and adjusting the water level of the target reservoir based on the current forecast precipitation and the flood control water level range. This application utilizes a regulation strategy that dynamically calculates the reservoir's flood control range based on current hydrological, meteorological, and snowmelt factors, and dynamically adjusts the reservoir water level in conjunction with forecast precipitation. Compared to regulation schemes based on fixed flood control water levels, this improves the reservoir water level regulation effectiveness.

The invention discloses an arid region snow melting flood dynamic early warning system based on multi-source data fusion. The system comprises a data acquisition module, a calculation module and an early warning monitoring and issuing module. According to a mathematical model of multiple linear regression, main factors, including regional temperature trend, rainfall trend and regional position, influencing snow-melting flood occurrence are subjected to quantitative fitting, related data of snow-melting flood occurrence of the arid region over the years are summarized, an early warning value calculation function model is designed, and the early warning value is calculated. Through the early warning value calculation function model, an early warning value used for judging whether to issue snow-melting flood early warning or not can be calculated according to geographical and meteorological information of different areas of the arid region, and the early warning precision of snow-melting flood is effectively improved; meanwhile, the early warning value warning values of different areas of the arid area are calculated, and the monitoring values of the meteorological information under different meteorological conditions are calculated according to the early warning value warning values, so that the meteorological information is further monitored, and the snow-melting flood monitoring capability is improved.

This invention relates to a composite landscape system for tree pits along urban roads based on gradient triggering and resource recycling. It includes a sidewalk paved with interlocking pavers and ecologically recycled tree pit units spaced at intervals along the sidewalk near the roadway. Prefabricated functional drainage grid modules are installed in the gaps between the pavers. Adjacent functional drainage grid modules are combined to form a complete grid drainage system. Drainage channels within each catchment area converge into a main drainage pipe and are introduced into a storage tank via a sedimentation tank and filtration layer. A water source heat pump unit is installed in the equipment well. This invention constructs an intelligent model of "passive-triggered anti-icing—active dual-heat-source synergistic snow melting—ecological recycling of rainwater and snowmelt," achieving the goal of ensuring safe passage on sidewalks throughout winter while rapidly, efficiently, and energy-savingly melting snow and ice and collecting meltwater under conditions of initial snowfall, continuous snowfall, and extreme low temperatures.

The invention discloses a purification device and a purification method for treating micro-plastic particles in snow melting runoff, a preliminary filter layer is arranged at the lower end of a snow melting runoff collection port, and a grid is arranged above the preliminary filter layer; a sewage intercepting hanging basket is arranged below the preliminary filtering layer; a fine filter screen is arranged at a connecting port between the snow melting runoff filter tank and the snow melting runoff collecting tank; the snow melting runoff collecting tank is connected with the flocculation tank through a pipeline, and a feeding pump is arranged on the pipeline; the flocculation basin is sequentially divided into four flocculation chambers which are connected in series by three vertical partition plates along the water flow direction, and an inorganic-organic composite flocculant storage tank is correspondingly arranged above the first flocculation chamber; the inorganic-organic composite flocculant storage tank is used for controlling the addition of flocculant mother liquor through a feed pump and a flocculant feed valve; a mechanical stirrer is arranged in each flocculation chamber; a through hole serving as an overflow port is formed in the upper part of the fourth partition plate, so that supernate formed after flocculation is completed overflows into the inclined plate sedimentation tank; and the inclined plate sedimentation tank is connected with the ultrafiltration tank through a sixth partition plate.

The application discloses a kind of urban river water quality evaluation systems suitable for cold climate, belong to water quality management field, the present application obtains river water quality index, weather data and snowmelt related data, through sub-basin and hydrological response unit division and combine snowmelt and rainfall process, the daily average runoff of hydrological response unit is evaluated, through snowmelt agent input, particulate matter deposition and hydrological response unit runoff process, the surface accumulation of pollutant and river flux are evaluated, through river surface water temperature information identification thermal anomaly area, and comparative analysis thermal anomaly area and the ice condition change characteristics of non-thermal anomaly area, through historical and real-time water quality data, meteorological data, pollutant river flux and thermal anomaly area change characteristics to the evaluation of dissolved oxygen and ion concentration in river, and compared with water quality threshold, to identify water quality anomaly in advance and issue early warning, improve the accuracy and reliability of urban river water quality evaluation of cold climate.

This invention provides a snowmelt simulation and risk early warning method and system, belonging to the field of flood early warning technology. The method includes: collecting and preprocessing multi-source meteorological, geographic information, and snow cover characteristic data of the target area; constructing a snowmelt simulation model considering multiple factors, using the CEEMDAN algorithm and LSTM network to predict snowmelt amount, runoff, and soil moisture content, and introducing a multi-head attention mechanism; dividing the spatiotemporal grid for hourly simulation calculations to obtain spatiotemporal distribution results; setting a risk assessment index system and calculating a snowmelt risk index; determining whether the risk index exceeds a threshold and outputting an early warning result; if it exceeds, matching the risk level and drawing a risk zoning map; if it does not exceed, marking it as low risk or safe. This invention, employing the above-mentioned snowmelt simulation and risk early warning method and system, achieves accurate prediction and timely early warning of snowmelt flood risks, effectively improving disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities and reducing potential losses and hazards caused by snowmelt floods.

To provide an inclined lysimeter capable of quantitatively measuring the amount of infiltrated water from snowmelt water and rainwater that infiltrates into the ground on a slope, and the amount of snow-covered bottom flow that flows down the slope without infiltrating. [Solution] The inclined lysimeter 1 of the present invention is a device for measuring the amount of seepage water, of snowmelt water and rainwater, that infiltrates into the ground and the amount of snowbed flow that flows down the slope without infiltrating within a measurement area within a slope 200. It is a box-shaped device with a bottom and an upper opening 11, and includes a main body 10 that is buried in the slope, a mesh-like partition plate 20 that divides the main body into an upper space 10U and a lower space 10L, sediment 100 that is filled in the upper space, a snowbed flow measuring unit 30 that collects and measures the amount of snowbed flow that flows down the surface of the sediment, and a seepage water measuring unit 40 that collects and measures the amount of seepage water that infiltrates the sediment and reaches the lower space. The snowbed flow measuring unit can measure the amount of snowbed flow, and the seepage water measuring unit can quantitatively measure the amount of seepage water.

The application provides a runoff change trend quantitative attribution method considering the influence of snowmelt, comprising: obtaining specific global hydrological data, the specific global hydrological data comprising runoff of global observation hydrological sites, global rainfall, snowmelt and potential evapotranspiration; based on the specific global hydrological data, evaluating target change trends of rainfall and runoff, potential evapotranspiration and runoff, and snowmelt and runoff, and testing whether all target change trends are significant when the change significance is at a specific threshold; if all target change trends are significant, establishing a Budyko hydrothermal coupling equation considering snowmelt based on the Budyko hypothesis; and based on the Budyko hydrothermal coupling equation, extending the Budyko framework to runoff change trend evaluation, and establishing a runoff change trend quantitative attribution framework. In a relatively simple way, the action mechanism of various environmental factors on the runoff change trend is comprehensively discussed, and the runoff change trend quantitative attribution of different latitude zones in the world is realized.

A hillside snow melting intelligent monitoring system based on the Internet of Things comprises a protection box, limiting units for limiting and guiding the protection box are arranged on the periphery of the protection box, each limiting unit comprises an M-shaped supporting plate located on the side edge of the protection box and slidably installed on the protection box, and the bottom of each M-shaped supporting plate extends in the direction away from the protection box to be hinged to a supporting plate; the extension end of the supporting plate is detachably provided with a fixing assembly, the fixing assembly comprises a fixing nail inserted and fixed to the ground, the protection box can be erected and installed in multiple places in advance through the limiting unit, and then the protection box can be rapidly taken down from the installed limiting unit and moved to the next place according to use and monitoring requirements; therefore, the monitoring efficiency of the system is greatly improved.

The invention discloses a light-absorbing impurity aggravated accumulated snow ablation analysis method and system, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the LAIs concentration of light-absorbing impurity aggravated accumulated snow, the LAIs concentration comprises a first LAIs concentration in which the snowfall mass in the snowfall stage is not less than the minimum mass, a second LAIs concentration in which the snowfall mass in the snowfall stage is less than the minimum mass, and a third LAIs concentration in the sublimation stage; inputting the LAIs concentration into a pre-constructed snow albedo model, and outputting the snow albedo model to obtain an albedo; and inputting the albedo into a pre-constructed air temperature index model, and outputting the air temperature index model to obtain an ablation effect of intensifying accumulated snow ablation by the light-absorbing impurities.

This invention provides an optimization method for the shutdown behavior of hydropower units considering the extreme values ​​of speed rise and head fluctuation, comprising the following steps: S1, acquiring turbine modeling data; S2, constructing a high-precision turbine model based on a BP neural network; S3, constructing a high-precision servo system model; S4, building a turbine regulation system simulation model using Octave; S5, constructing a comprehensive objective function considering the extreme values ​​of speed rise, head fluctuation, and standard ITAE index; S6, optimizing the guide vane closing inflection point and closing speed of the hydropower unit by combining the snowmelt optimization algorithm, the turbine regulation system simulation model, and the comprehensive objective function. The optimization method for the shutdown behavior of hydropower units designed in this invention, considering the extreme values ​​of speed rise and head fluctuation, can fully account for the influence of the shutdown behavior on the extreme values ​​of speed rise and head fluctuation, effectively ensuring the safe and stable operation of the hydropower unit.