109 results about "Sediment concentration" patented technology

The invention relates to the crossing field of hydraulic engineering hydrological monitoring technology and machine learning prediction technology, discloses a sediment concentration prediction method based on deep learning, and aims to solve the problems that in existing sediment concentration prediction, hyper-parameter manual tuning is low in efficiency, key feature attention is insufficient, local and time sequence information is difficult to consider by a single model and the like. Accurate prediction is realized through five core modules: a data preprocessing module performs missing value filling, abnormal value processing and derivative feature generation on hydrological data; the feature selection module screens key features based on mutual information; the time sequence construction module generates time sequence data through a sliding window; the hyper-parameter automatic optimization module adopts Bayesian optimization iteration to obtain an optimal hyper-parameter; the CNN-LSTM-attention prediction module fuses CNN local feature extraction, bidirectional LSTM time sequence dependence capture and multi-head self-attention mechanism key feature focusing capability, is suitable for scenes such as river channels and channels, and provides efficient decision support for hydrological regulation and control.

The invention discloses a reservoir desilting method and device using fixed jet flow, and relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering desilting. According to the method, the flow speed, pressure, mud layer thickness and gradient parameters of water around a nozzle are collected in real time; calculating a jet flow angle compensation coefficient, and identifying a nozzle direction stable state; on the basis of a nozzle set with stable direction, a nozzle group is constructed and a time sequence differential control table is established by combining a topological relation between nodes and disturbance propagation characteristics, so that ordered migration of turbulent flow disturbance is realized; sediment concentration, flow velocity and flow data are collected in a flow guide plate and a sediment discharge port area, and a desilting efficiency index is calculated and used for evaluating sediment transportation continuity and flow guide performance; and a comprehensive operation optimization coefficient is generated through a multivariable adaptive weighted fusion algorithm, and the system automatically executes adaptive regulation or sends out a manual intervention prompt. According to the method, self-monitoring, self-correction and global optimization of the fixed jet system can be achieved, and the reservoir dredging efficiency and the operation stability are remarkably improved.

The invention discloses an estuary sediment transport simulation method considering environmental factor coupling, and belongs to the technical field of offshore marine deposition dynamics, and the method comprises the steps: processing the geographic data of a target sea area, constructing a non-structural computational grid region of the target sea area, and generating an initial terrain field; for a target sea area, setting boundary conditions and an initial field, and constructing a three-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical model; performing systematic verification and parameter calibration on the three-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical model in S2 by adopting multi-source observation data; based on the three-dimensional hydrodynamic force numerical model verified in S3, constructing a three-dimensional hydrodynamic force-sediment coupling numerical model considering environmental factor driving; and performing systematic verification and parameter calibration on the three-dimensional hydrodynamic force-sediment coupling numerical model in the step S4 by adopting multi-source observation data. According to the method, the real-time dynamic coupling relation between the environmental factors and the sediment settling velocity is established by modifying the sediment settling velocity equation, the flocculation effect of the estuary high-concentration fine-particle sediment is represented, and the accuracy of suspended sediment concentration simulation is improved.

The invention provides a sediment concentration prediction method and system based on a freeze-thaw coupling physical constraint model, and relates to the technical field of sediment concentration prediction, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining hydrological data, meteorological data and various original data of soil and vegetation, and carrying out the preprocessing; constructing a benchmark sediment concentration physical model based on the multiple kinds of preprocessed original data, and constructing an input feature vector; inputting the input feature vector into a sediment concentration prediction ANN model, and outputting to obtain the sediment concentration; wherein in the training process of the sediment concentration prediction ANN model, reference sediment prediction and sediment mass conservation constraint of the physical model are introduced into an ANN model loss function, the loss function is enhanced by adopting a freeze-thaw weighting strategy, and the sediment concentration prediction ANN model in which the physical model and the ANN model are deeply fused is obtained. According to the invention, the stability and accuracy of prediction during extreme rainfall, runoff surge or frequent freezing and thawing are improved.

The invention provides a suspended sediment concentration inversion method capable of resisting particle size interference, which comprises the following steps of: standardizing the original acoustic echo intensity of each observation grid to obtain the standardized volume back scattering intensity; establishing a sonar equation considering the sound wave attenuation of the sediment particles, and performing explicit processing on the sonar equation considering the sound wave attenuation of the sediment particles to obtain an explicit inversion model which resists particle size interference and considers the on-way change of the sediment particle size; and performing model parameter calibration on the explicit inversion model, and performing suspended sediment concentration inversion on the river observation section based on the suspended sediment concentration inversion value of each observation grid. According to the method, the dependence of ADCP inversion of the suspended sediment concentration on suspended sediment particle size distribution is effectively eliminated, and the stability and accuracy of suspended sediment concentration inversion are improved. The particle size interference resistant explicit method can realize continuous and real-time suspended sediment concentration monitoring, and is suitable for various water environments such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs and the like.

The embodiment of the invention provides a water and sediment concentration and water quality multi-index automatic monitoring and analyzing device for a southern Xinjiang canal system, and relates to the technical field of environment monitoring. Comprising a steel rope connecting ring, the outer wall of the steel rope connecting ring is rotatably connected with a collecting frame, and the bottom of the collecting frame is fixedly connected with a counterweight circular plate. The rotating rod drives a driving bevel gear to rotate, the driving bevel gear drives a driven bevel gear and the rotating rod to rotate, the rotating rod drives a propeller to rotate, the propeller sucks water into a pressure suction cylinder through a filtering water inlet pipe so that the gravity of the device can be increased, redundant water is discharged out of a water discharging pipe, and through propelling force generated by discharged water flow, the water is discharged out of the water discharging pipe. The equipment can accelerate the settling velocity and quickly reach a predetermined detection water area, so that the sampling time is greatly shortened, and the working efficiency is also remarkably improved.

The invention discloses a sediment prediction method and system for oscillation period strategy snow ablation optimization, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining sediment data characteristics, enabling a drainage basin to comprise a plurality of nodes, and calculating the snow melting runoff of each node according to the sediment data characteristics; according to the snow melting runoff of each node, calculating the initial sand production concentration of each node; and constructing a sediment prediction model, inputting sediment characteristic data and corresponding actual sediment concentration to the sediment prediction model to obtain a trained sediment prediction model, inputting real-time sediment data to the trained sediment prediction model, and outputting predicted sediment concentration by the trained sediment prediction model. According to the method, historical sediment data are acquired, and a graph convolutional neural network is constructed for learning complex nonlinear mapping from snow melting-runoff generation to sediment transportation, so that the problems of weak generalization ability and strong data dependence of an existing snow melting period sediment prediction method are solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of sediment prediction, in particular to a method for predicting sediment deposition in a channel based on a hydrodynamic model. Comprising the following steps: correcting the critical start-up flow velocity of the sediment according to the biomass, metabolic rate and biological membrane thickness of a microbial community to obtain a corrected critical start-up flow velocity; on the basis of the corrected critical starting flow velocity, the actual suspended sediment concentration in the navigation channel is calculated in combination with the turbulence intensity, the propagation distance and the ship draught depth of ship wake flow; according to the suspended sediment concentration, the sediment deposition amount in the channel is calculated by combining the cementation strength, the water content and the organic matter decomposition rate of the sediment on the surface layer of the riverbed. According to the method, ecological and navigation related influence factors can be comprehensively considered, and the prediction accuracy in a complex scene is improved.

The invention provides a hyperspectral inversion method for water body sediment concentration and a measuring instrument. The method comprises the following steps: S1, collecting a water body reflection spectrum, a water flow rate and sediment concentration of a test point; s2, pretreating the water body reflection spectrum, the external factors and the sediment concentration; and S3, inputting the preprocessed data into an inversion model to obtain the concentration of the suspended sediment in the water body at the test point. According to the method, spectral ratio characteristics and sediment concentration logarithmic transformation are comprehensively utilized, and weight holding of external auxiliary factors is introduced into the XGBoost gradient tree, so that interference of high-concentration interval spectral saturation and extreme values on model training is relieved, and stability and prediction performance of high-concentration suspended sediment inversion are improved.

The invention discloses equipment and a method for predicting, controlling and dispatching the scouring and silting amount of a downstream river channel of a dam, which are taken into account the influence of a flood process on the scouring and silting amount of the river channel and comprehensively consider the influence of water and sediment elements and flood characteristics on the scouring and silting amount of the downstream river channel of the dam. Water surface gradient, flow, peak pattern coefficient, jacking coefficient, sediment content and sediment grading elements are incorporated to predict the erosion and deposition amount of the downstream river channel of the dam, a calculation formula structure of the erosion and deposition amount of the downstream river channel of the dam and a matched calculation method are constructed, a corresponding table of the erosion and deposition amount of the downstream river channel of the dam is compiled according to the method, and reverse derivation can be achieved through table query. When the scouring and silting amount of the downstream river channel of the dam is controlled to be a fixed value, key dispatching parameters such as reservoir outlet flow and peak pattern coefficient required to be regulated and controlled by an upstream reservoir; a reservoir management department can formulate a scientific reservoir optimization scheduling scheme through the method, technical guarantee is provided for river regime stability and bank slope protection of a downstream river channel of a dam, flood control standard improvement and shipping safety maintenance are effectively supported, and a decision basis is provided for exerting comprehensive benefits of the reservoir.

The application discloses a ship-mounted in-situ calibration device and method for a seabed suspended sediment concentration profile probe, which comprises a cylindrical water tank main body, an ASM and a support frame thereof, a driving motor, a rotating paddle, a cylindrical support, a water pump and a valve. The method comprises the following steps: horizontally arranging the ASM in the water tank through the support frame; extracting in-situ seawater on the ship deck for calibration by using the water pump; driving the paddle by the motor to uniformly mix the water sample; and extracting the water sample by opening the water extraction valve at different time intervals, wherein the water extraction valve is arranged on the side of the water tank and is consistent with the measurement elevation of the ASM, is used for extracting the water sample at the same elevation of the ASM, and tests the consistency of each sensor of the ASM. The water sample concentration can well cover the in-situ concentration range under normal circumstances by sampling at different time intervals in the static water sedimentation process. The in-situ seawater is extracted on the spot for calibration, so that the difference between the particle size range and the concentration range of the sediment suspension liquid prepared in the laboratory and the actual observation station is avoided.

The invention provides a small watershed sand content detection device, and relates to the technical field of sand content detection. The device further comprises a sampling mechanism, the sampling mechanism comprises a water suction pipe, the bottom end of the water suction pipe is slidably connected with a pressing rod, one end of the pressing rod is connected with a piston, the other end of the pressing rod is connected with a pressing plate, the piston is slidably connected with the inner side wall of the water suction pipe, and the outer side of the pressing rod is sleeved with a pressing spring. One end of the pressure spring is fixedly connected with the lower end surface of the water suction pipe, and the other end of the pressure spring is fixedly connected with the upper end surface of the pressure plate; the device further comprises a circulating filtering mechanism, the circulating filtering mechanism comprises an operation pipe, a sliding plate is connected into the operation pipe in a sliding mode, and a push rod is connected to the upper end face of the sliding plate. The problem of inconvenient operation caused by the fact that the whole device needs to be immersed into water for sampling in a traditional sand content detection device is solved, and the convenience of sand content detection work is improved.

The utility model discloses a water conservancy hydrology sand content detection device, relates to the detection equipment technical field, including the box body, the middle part of the inner wall of the box body is movably connected with a draining and material pouring assembly, the top of the inner wall of the box body is movably connected with an adjusting extrusion assembly, the draining and material pouring assembly includes a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is movably connected with the adjusting extrusion assembly. The front end and the rear end of the rotating shaft are rotationally connected with the middle of the right portion of the inner wall of the box body, and the middle of the outer wall of the rotating shaft is fixedly sleeved with a supporting frame. According to the sand content detection device for water conservancy and hydrology, solid-liquid separation of water and sand can be achieved through the draining and material pouring assembly, the sand can be discharged from the discharging groove through the rotating supporting frame after being dried, and subsequent weighing of workers is facilitated. Sand at the upper end of the filter screen can be extruded to discharge water by adjusting the extrusion assembly, and two functions of convenient water discharge and adjustable discharge of the device can be realized by matching the extrusion assembly with the draining and pouring assembly. And a driving structure for adjusting the two moving plates is located at the top of the box body and is not influenced by silt, and practicability is high.

The invention provides a suspended sediment concentration detection method and device based on hyperspectral remote sensing, and relates to the technical field of water body monitoring. According to the method, a water body type classification mechanism is constructed, and the target water area is divided into different water body types in combination with optical differences presented by water bodies with different components, so that a proper inversion model is called for water body detection; the problem that a single model is poor in applicability in a complex water body environment is avoided, independent detection and evaluation of different water body types are achieved, when the detection effect of a certain water body type is poor, an updating mechanism is triggered, the optimal inversion model of the water body type is retrained by using updated data, and the accuracy of the water body type is improved. While the algorithm precision is improved, interference on inversion detection of other water body types is effectively avoided, so that the system cannot be paralyzed due to failure of an individual inversion model, and the detection capability of the whole system adapting to long-term change of the water body is improved.

The application discloses a kind of arid region reservoir water and sand prediction and coordinated regulation potential evaluation method and system, belong to water resources, silt treatment and reservoir optimization scheduling technical field.The technical problems of traditional model prediction accuracy insufficient caused by arid region hydrology data scarcity, water and sand prediction process is fragmented and reservoir desilting and silt reduction and water storage benefit difficult to be synergistically optimized, its gist is that: long short-term memory network is used to predict future runoff sequence by fusing attention mechanism, and the sediment concentration is calculated by combining the water and sand relationship formula;By setting the critical sediment concentration threshold, the high sediment concentration period is identified and the available water for dredging is calculated;At the same time, the flood resource potential is evaluated by combining reservoir capacity and water demand constraints;Finally, the coordinated scheduling scheme is generated by comparing the two potentials.The application realizes the integrated accurate prediction of water and sand process in arid region and the simultaneous quantitative evaluation of regulation potential, and provides intelligent decision support for multi-objective optimization scheduling of reservoir.

This invention relates to the field of sediment prediction technology, specifically to a method for predicting sediment deposition in waterways based on a hydrodynamic model. The method includes the following steps: correcting the critical initiation velocity of sediments using the biomass, metabolic rate, and biofilm thickness of the microbial community to obtain a corrected critical initiation velocity; calculating the actual suspended sediment concentration in the waterway based on the corrected critical initiation velocity, combined with the turbulence intensity, propagation distance, and draft of the ship's wake; and calculating the sediment deposition volume in the waterway based on the suspended sediment concentration, combined with the cementation strength, water content, and organic matter decomposition rate of the surface sediments. This invention comprehensively considers ecological and navigation-related influencing factors and improves prediction accuracy in complex scenarios.

The invention discloses a bottom mud resuspension dimming method for water source algae control, and relates to the technical field of blue-green algae prevention and control, the method comprises the following steps: establishing an experiment system comprising a plurality of groups of independent water body simulation devices, each group of device being provided with a bivariate combination of bottom mud concentration and resuspension frequency; constructing a parameterized extinction model related to the sediment concentration and the sedimentation time based on the real-time illumination data of the vertical layered optical monitoring network; the turbidity of the water body is monitored in real time, when the turbidity exceeds a critical value, a dynamic compensation coefficient is generated, and a theoretical daily light receiving quantity threshold value is increased according to a direct proportion relation; traversing all double-variable combinations, and screening variable combinations which simultaneously meet the condition that the actual daily light receiving quantity is not greater than the theoretical threshold value subjected to turbidity correction and the product of the total bottom mud adding quantity and the mechanical energy consumption is minimized. According to the scheme, the parameter adaptability under the complex hydrological condition is remarkably improved, the theoretical optimal cost boundary is approached, and the algae control interruption risk is reduced.

The invention discloses a low-temperature sand-containing water flow underwater concrete test piece forming device which comprises a circulating constant-temperature water tank, a stirring device, a test water tank and a water pump, a water tank cover plate is arranged on the circulating constant-temperature water tank, a material opening is formed in the water tank cover plate, and the stirring device is arranged on the water tank cover plate. The circulating constant-temperature water tank is connected with the bottom of the test water tank through a water conveying pipe, the test water tank is provided with a tail water gate, and a tail water pool is arranged below the tail water gate. The forming method comprises the following steps of S1, experiment preparation; s2, refrigerating the materials; s3, mixing and stirring; s4, injecting water into the test water tank; s5, recording parameters; s6, test mold pouring; s7, trowelling and calendaring the test mold; s8, demolding and curing; and S9, detecting the test piece. The device is suitable for forming an underwater concrete test piece under the condition of low-temperature sand-containing water flow, the water temperature is pre-cooled through the circulating constant-temperature water tank, the sediment concentration is simulated through sand adding, uniform distribution of the sediment concentration is ensured through stirring, and the underwater cast-in-place environment can be truly simulated.

The invention discloses a dam break flood emergency monitoring method and system, and particularly relates to the technical field of flood monitoring. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring real-time topographic change data and hydrological data of a breach and a downstream area at the initial stage of dam break flood, and constructing initial dynamic evolution data of a dam break flood flow channel; the nonlinear bifurcation position of the flood flow channel is identified through a topology analysis method, and nonlinear bifurcation topology feature data is formed; spatial distribution of a sediment accumulation area and an erosion area in the flood flow channel is analyzed based on coupling of sediment migration, and an abnormal bifurcation path of the flood flow channel is determined; acquiring water flow velocity, water level height and sediment concentration data on the abnormal path in real time, and generating abnormal path real-time monitoring data; analyzing a flood diffusion trend according to the abnormal path real-time monitoring data, and generating an emergency response early warning instruction; according to the invention, the monitoring accuracy and the emergency disposal capability of dam break flood disasters are improved.

Embodiments of the present application disclose a reservoir over-standard flood inundation risk zoning method, device and equipment, by determining the reservoir siltation influence probability factor and the reservoir dam break influence probability factor under the siltation condition, the reservoir siltation influence probability factor and the reservoir dam break influence probability factor are used to calibrate the reservoir inundation comprehensive risk degree of siltation-dam break double influence probability under the over-standard flood condition, and the K-means clustering algorithm is used to cluster and analyze the reservoir inundation comprehensive risk degree of each grid calculation unit, and finally the flood risk grade is determined. The technical problem of low accuracy of prediction and zoning of flood inundation risk in the prior art for the reservoir area with high sediment concentration and weak dredging capacity is solved, and a scientific basis and certain technical support are provided for reservoir flood inundation risk assessment and disaster prevention and mitigation planning in high sediment concentration basin areas.

The present application relates to the technical field of suspended sediment dynamic monitoring, and particularly relates to a suspended sediment dynamic change monitoring and deep sea operation scheduling optimization method, comprising multi-source fusion data acquisition: synchronously acquiring suspended sediment concentration distribution data, three-dimensional sea current vector data and seabed microtopography slope data of a target area; plume flow dynamic diffusion simulation: inputting the acquired data into a microtopography coupled adaptive plume flow diffusion model to generate a plume flow diffusion three-dimensional space-time cloud atlas for the next 6 hours; dynamic risk zoning generation: performing space-time superposition analysis on the plume flow diffusion three-dimensional space-time cloud atlas and a preset ecological sensitive area dynamic electronic fence to generate an operation risk heat map; intelligent zoning scheduling execution: dynamically dividing a forbidden mining area, a buffer area and a safe area, and sending zoning interval rotation scheduling instructions to a mining equipment group. The present application improves the spatial resolution and time response capability of sediment diffusion behavior prediction, and provides a basis for environmental impact assessment and ecological protection.

The application discloses a kind of long-time sequence monitoring method and system of suspended load sediment concentration based on multiple river section scales, and relates to river monitoring technical field.The method includes the following steps: obtaining long-time sequence multispectral remote sensing image data and environmental data of the river to be detected, and pre-processing the multispectral remote sensing image data;According to the pre-defined river boundary, divide the river section, and extract the water body pixels of each river section by water surface extraction method;Using median extraction strategy to calculate the band reflectance and band index of each river section;Using machine learning algorithm to predict the suspended load sediment concentration of band reflectance, band index and environmental data.The present application carries out long-term monitoring of sediment concentration of different river section scales based on remote sensing data, and predicts by combining machine learning algorithm, which can accurately grasp the subtle dynamic changes of river sediment.

The application relates to a plain river sediment concentration recovery method, a system and a storage medium, the method comprising the following steps: reading historical hydrological data of a hydrological station, including daily flow and daily sediment rate; defining a target period and a candidate period; obtaining a comprehensive similarity; selecting a candidate year or a candidate year set with the maximum comprehensive similarity as a reference hydrological year of the target period; respectively performing fitting on a correlation function curve; calculating and supplementing the sediment concentration of the target period; and performing pseudo-missing test. The application considers the water and sediment characteristics of dry and flood periods, can effectively control the reconstructed annual total sediment discharge, and has smaller daily process error and high efficiency in filling the missing historical sediment data.

The invention discloses a hazardous waste collection and treatment system and method, belongs to the technical field of hazardous waste treatment, and solves the problems of response lag of extreme working conditions caused by failure of single-point pH monitoring, pH rebound caused by instantaneous up-to-standard discharge and interference of impurities on neutralization reaction. The method comprises the following steps: calculating a current waste pH value through a real-time mean value of a plurality of pH sensors in a conveying pipeline, and generating a neutralizer instruction according to the condition that the pH is lower than 6.0 or higher than 8.0; pre-separating suspended matters by utilizing a stepped sedimentation tank; when the at least two sensors simultaneously monitor that the pH value is lower than 2.0 or higher than 12.0, the emergency treatment tank is switched to; and when the pH of the outlet of the neutralization reaction tank is kept at 6.0-8.0 for dynamic time t seconds and the precipitate concentration is less than or equal to 5%, switching to a final outlet. The method is mainly used for safe and stable treatment of liquid hazardous wastes.

The invention relates to a river bank collapse detection method based on remote sensing inversion time sequence data. Comprising the steps that remote sensing inversion time series data formed by a target river bank in a preset detection time period are acquired, and the remote sensing inversion time series data comprise suspended sediment concentration time series data of a plurality of pixel point areas covered by the target river bank; identifying potential collapse areas from the plurality of pixel point areas according to all suspended sediment concentration time sequence data; screening out remote sensing inversion qualified data of the potential collapse area from the target suspended sediment concentration time sequence data according to the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the target suspended sediment concentration time sequence data of the potential collapse area; determining a data quality index of the suspended sediment concentration of the potential collapse area under each detection time sequence according to an association relationship between the remote sensing observation total data and the remote sensing inversion qualified data of the potential collapse area in the preset detection time period; and performing collapse detection on the target river bank according to the data quality index. By adopting the method, the accuracy of river bank collapse detection is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of water and soil conservation monitoring, and discloses an intelligent monitoring method and system for the water and soil loss amount of a runoff plot, and the method comprises the steps: synchronously collecting the original measurement data of a multi-source sensor, and carrying out the timestamp calibration and data frame packaging; performing preprocessing and quality evaluation on the multi-source original data sequence; carrying out real-time calculation on the instantaneous runoff volume and the sand content; calculating an accumulated runoff volume and an accumulated soil loss volume; rainfall events are divided, and statistics is carried out in combination with calculation results; performing intelligent analysis and prediction on the water and soil loss process; physical consistency verification and optimization calibration are carried out; intelligent early warning judgment is carried out, and data display and report automatic generation are carried out through a visual platform; according to the method, a complete technical chain of multi-source sensor synchronous acquisition, edge intelligent preprocessing and cloud deep learning analysis is constructed, so that the water and soil loss amount of the runoff plot is upgraded from discrete manual sampling to continuous automatic sensing.

The invention discloses an ADCP-based cableway flow measurement data processing method, system and device and a medium, and relates to the technical field of data processing, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a depth unit, obtaining equidistant measurement points, and collecting the echo intensity data of the depth unit; obtaining the relative sand content index of the depth unit; combining the depth units into a flow measurement area with equidistant measurement points according to the relative sand content indexes of the depth units; and if a plurality of flow measurement areas of three sequentially adjacent equidistant measurement points are overlapped with each other, taking the three equidistant measurement points as target measurement points, collecting flow data of the plurality of flow measurement areas at the three target measurement points through a cableway carrying ADCP, and obtaining a flow measurement result according to the flow data of the plurality of flow measurement areas of the three target measurement points. The method has the advantages of self-adaption, strong anti-interference capability and data collaborative verification.

The invention belongs to the technical field of sand content detection, and particularly relates to a self-adaptive suspension water flow sand content measuring device and method. A lifting buoy; an air bag is arranged at the upper part in the lifting buoy; the air bag is connected with the air supply unit, and the air supply unit performs inflation and deflation control so as to control the sinking and floating position of the lifting buoy on the water surface; a grating detector, a lens and a light source are arranged in the sand content measuring cylinder, and the light source irradiates the grating detector through the lens; a water pressure gauge is mounted on the sand content measuring cylinder; and a controller. According to the scheme, through inflation and deflation control of the air bag, stable suspension and self-adaptive positioning of the equipment at the specified depth in water flow are achieved; the problems of data distortion and high maintenance cost caused by the sensor are avoided; the grating sensor is used for directly obtaining the weight and the sand content of water flow and detailed sand grain grading distribution data in a long time and high precision mode, and the bottleneck that a traditional indirect measuring method is greatly interfered by sand characteristics is broken through.

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrological sediment monitoring, and particularly discloses a design method and device for an anti-freeze-thaw steel plate bayonet weir in an alpine region. Firstly, long-term dynamic stability of the geometrical shape of the weir body under frost heaving and thaw collapse is guaranteed through cooperation of the phase-change material temperature control layer and the prestress self-adaptive anchor rods; secondly, an optical fiber reference array embedded into the weir plate and a multi-mode sensor fusion algorithm are utilized, real-time self-calibration of water level and sand content measurement data is achieved, and measurement errors caused by low temperature, icing and micro-deformation are effectively overcome; and finally, through task cooperative dynamic energy consumption management and self-adaptive flow channel adjustment based on upstream deposition perception, long-term continuous, intelligent and reliable operation of the whole system under the conditions of limited energy and harsh environment is ensured. According to the invention, full-chain optimization from stable structure and accurate sensing to system self-adaption is realized, and the precision and reliability of runoff sediment automatic monitoring in the alpine region are obviously improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrological sediment monitoring, and discloses a sediment content calculation method, which comprises the following steps: acquiring a single-point flow velocity vector, a single-point original sediment content and a total water depth of a measuring point; constructing a non-constant inertia index combining the flow velocity change rate and the single-point flow velocity modulus; determining a dynamic lag time window by using a non-constant inertia index and acquiring a reference sand content; calculating a vertical density gradient and a gradient Richardson number by using the reference sand content, and determining a turbulence suppression factor; respectively correcting a vertical flow velocity distribution function and a sand content distribution function by using a turbulence suppression factor and a non-constant inertia index, and constructing a vertical flow velocity distribution data column and a sand content distribution data column through iterative calculation; and integrating to obtain the single-width sediment transport modulus. According to the method, sediment response lag is corrected by introducing a non-constant inertia index and a dynamic lag time window, the damping effect of density stratification on turbulent flow is quantified by using a turbulent flow suppression factor, and the full-water deep-water sediment structure under the non-constant flow condition is accurately inverted by using single-point data.