The invention discloses a permeation measuring device and method for layered sand migration process under different osmotic gradients. The main structure of the device comprises a water supply system,a sample permeation chamber, a water head measuring system and a flow measuring system, wherein the water supply system mainly comprises a water pump, a water supply valve, a water pipe, a flow control valve, a water storage tank and a safety relief valve, wherein the sample permeation chamber mainly comprises an acrylic cover plate, an O-type seal ring, a permeable stone, a 500-mesh filter, a bolt and an organic glass tube; the water head measuring system mainly comprises a PVC hose, a bellows water pressure gauge and a quick-connect fitting; and the flow measuring system mainly comprises anautomatic exhaust valve, a support grid, an atmospheric pressure water storage tank, a water pipe, a water stop valve and a rotameter. The device provided by the invention can simulate the sand seepage test under different conditions, and can meet the requirements of the experimental research on the piping, osmotic deformation and osmotic failure as well as the sand seepage test in other geotechnical engineering at the same time, which is particularly suitable for seepage test of layered sand samples under the gradient changed water pressure condition.