The invention provides a fractured reservoir horizontal well injection-production asynchronous exploitation method. The method comprises the steps that 1, area selecting and well selecting are conducted, specifically, a reservoir stratum with developed natural micro-fractures is selected, fractured water breakthrough in the multi-section fractured horizontal well production process is achieved through waterflooding extraction, and when the average increasing amount of the water content every day is larger than or equal to 1.5%, remaining oil within a horizontal well controlled area is used for an injection-production asynchronous oil extraction horizontal well; 2, the oil extraction horizontal well is closed, 80-100 cubic meters of water is injected into a water injection well, and the oil extraction horizontal well is closed; 3, the water injection well is closed, then, the oil extraction horizontal well is opened for oil extraction, the injected water entering matrix rock blocks is preserved, and the equal amount of crude oil replacing the injected water enters a fracture system, flows into a shaft and is extracted; and 4, the next round of water injection is started, the step 2 and the step 3 are repeated, and injection-exploitation asynchronous operation is conducted for 8-10 periods. According to the fractured reservoir horizontal well injection-exploitation asynchronous exploitation method, on the basis of the seam-net type fractures, the contact area of the injected water and the fractures is enlarged, the oil-water replacement amount is further increased, the reservoir overall imbibitions yield-increasing effect is improved, and accordingly the purposes of decreasing the water content of the fractured water breakthrough horizontal well, increasing the liquid amount and the oil amount, and supplementing the stratum energy are achieved.