38 results about "Micro fracture" patented technology

The invention discloses an MGPCC fracture damage monitoring method based on AE and DIC, and relates to the technical field of building material fracture damage monitoring, the method comprises the following steps: preparing an MGPCC fracture test piece, arranging an acoustic emission probe, installing the test piece on a 3-P-B fracture test device, carrying out displacement control loading, collecting AE signals and shooting images in real time during loading, and determining the fracture damage of the MGPCC. Then analyzing characteristic parameters, images and the like to determine FPZ related conditions, and finally establishing a fracture damage evolution model in combination with a monitoring result. Spatial distribution and characteristic parameters of a damage source are monitored in real time through the AE technology, a strain cloud picture and a displacement field are accurately obtained in combination with the DIC technology, microcrack propagation and FPZ formation and evolution laws in the MGPCC fracture process are revealed, multi-dimensional quantitative characterization of the fracture damage process is achieved, and the method is suitable for mass production. A more comprehensive and accurate technical means is provided for building material fracture damage monitoring, and the blank of MGPCC multi-scale crack resistance and damage evolution research is filled.

The invention discloses an in-situ self-generating proppant for micro-cracks in a calcium-rich reservoir fracturing, and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of petroleum fracturing. The in-situ self-generating proppant for micro-cracks in a calcium-rich reservoir fracturing in the invention is suitable for calcium-rich reservoirs, and includes clean water, phosphate and acid, wherein, by volume fraction, the clean water is 50 to 80 parts, the phosphate is 10 to 30 parts, and the acid is 1 to 10 parts. The invention also proposes a preparation method and application thereof for in-situ self-generating proppant for micro-cracks in a calcium-rich reservoir fracturing. The invention injects a phosphate system into the formation fracturing cracks, utilizes the formation environment to perform hydrothermal synthesis in situ in the calcium-rich reservoir to generate in-situ self-generating proppant, solves the problem that the proppant is difficult to transport in the micro-cracks at the far end of the fracturing and the proppant is difficult to effectively support, realizes effective support for the cracks, improves the fracture conductivity of the rock, and lays a foundation for enhancing the efficiency and stability of the fracturing and production increase transformation of the calcium-rich reservoir.

Novel hybrid tunnel boring methods, systems, and apparatuses are described. Example hybrid methods integrate (a) thermal processing, e.g., preconditioning and / or thermal spallation (which may be used as pre-treatment), and (b) mechanical processing while boring tunnels in rock and other formations. Thermal processing and mechanical processing may be used alternatively or simultaneously. For example, the preconditioning may use thermal energy to induce thermal shock and weaken the rock (e.g., cause expansion stress, micro-fractures, thermal spallation, etc.). This preconditioning changes the relevant properties of the rock relative to the additional (e.g., mechanical) excavation, including, among other things, effective compressive stress, abrasion properties, and hardness. This preconditioned rock can therefore be efficiently removed using mechanical drilling tools, resulting in, for example, faster boring speeds, reduced tool wear, enhanced precision, and longer deployment lengths (e.g., in comparison to conventional TBM and especially MTBM approaches).

Novel hybrid tunnel boring methods, systems, and apparatuses are described. Example hybrid methods integrate (a) thermal processing, e.g., preconditioning and / or thermal spallation (which may be used as pre-treatment), and (b) mechanical processing while boring tunnels in rock and other formations. Thermal processing and mechanical processing may be used alternatively or simultaneously. For example, the preconditioning may use thermal energy to induce thermal shock and weaken the rock (e.g., cause expansion stress, micro-fractures, thermal spallation, etc.). This preconditioning changes the relevant properties of the rock relative to the additional (e.g., mechanical) excavation, including, among other things, effective compressive stress, abrasion properties, and hardness. This preconditioned rock can therefore be efficiently removed using mechanical drilling tools, resulting in, for example, faster boring speeds, reduced tool wear, enhanced precision, and longer deployment lengths (e.g., in comparison to conventional TBM and especially MTBM approaches).

The present invention discloses a method for rapidly simulating the productivity of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs based on EDFM. Based on the embedded discrete fracture model and combined with the differential method, after dividing each hydraulic fracture into several micro-elements, the number of hydraulic fracture micro-elements in each matrix grid is divided according to the actual matrix grid size, and parameters such as the length of the hydraulic fracture and the average orthogonal distance in the grid are further calculated, so as to calculate the volume coefficient when crossflow occurs between the hydraulic fracture grid and the matrix grid. By coupling the continuous medium model, the deficiencies of the traditional embedded discrete fracture model are overcome. The embedded discrete fracture model is used to characterize hydraulic fractures, and the continuous medium model is used to characterize natural micro-fractures. The obtained model can accurately characterize various types of fractures in the reservoir, and the calculation results of the numerical model obtained in this way are more reasonable and reliable. The method of the present invention helps to study the seepage law in the formation of complex hydraulic fracture networks.

The present application relates to a kind of microfracture width calculation method and system based on electric imaging plate model, it includes: based on plate formation model, the fracture width of plate formation, angle, length and mud resistivity, matrix resistivity electric signal response are obtained;From the electric signal response result, the response law of fracture parameter of electric imaging is extracted, and the fracture width representation formula of the fracture angle of the fracture position based on resistivity disturbance rate and electric imaging extraction is obtained according to the response law of fracture parameter;After electric imaging instrument calibration, the final resistivity fracture width calculation result is obtained.The present application can solve the problem that the calculation error of fracture of 100 microns level is larger using traditional fracture width calculation formula, and can be widely applied in the field of petroleum geological exploration.

The invention provides a barite powder-based drilling fluid underground crack plugging effect three-dimensional CT image evaluation method, and belongs to the field of petroleum engineering, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a three-dimensional CT image of a crack-matrix core model; a microscopic crack topological structure in the three-dimensional CT image is recognized, and a sealing agent material and barite powder-based drilling fluid are added; quantitatively evaluating the micro-crack filling effect based on the crack-matrix rock core model, enabling matrix pores to be equivalent to micro-cracks in the rock, and counting the micro-crack porosity of each layer; a three-dimensional reconstruction evaluation model is constructed, the plugging effect is analyzed, the error rate of the average porosity in a two-dimensional image and the porosity of three-dimensional core model crack filling reconstruction is calculated, and by establishing a complete evaluation technology system, the accuracy of crack plugging effect evaluation is improved, and accurate characterization of a complex crack network is achieved; a processing method for enabling matrix pores to be equivalent to micro cracks in the rock is innovatively provided, and multi-scale integrated analysis is achieved.

The invention provides an electric imaging logging-based dense glutenite micro-crack automatic identification method, which comprises the steps of 1, preprocessing electric imaging logging original data, 2, carrying out interpolation restoration on blank stripes between polar plates in an electric imaging image, 3, carrying out sliding processing on a whole-well-periphery dynamic imaging image, and 4, carrying out sliding processing on the whole-well-periphery dynamic imaging image. The method comprises the following steps of 1, setting a feature extraction algorithm and corresponding different radiuses, 2, marking a training set, 3, setting a classifier, 4, training the classifier, 8, calculating parameters of the microcracks, and 9, generating a result map. The method provides powerful technical support for reservoir evaluation, exploration and development of compact glutenite.

The application provides a method for evaluating shale natural micro-fracture development by using a focused ion beam-scanning electron microscope, comprising the following steps: obtaining a rock sample suitable for scanning electron microscope observation in size; performing mechanical-ion polishing treatment on multiple surfaces of the sample and numbering the surfaces respectively; cutting an arbitrary position on a certain surface of the sample at equal intervals by using a FIB, and shooting to count the number of fractures on different sections; repeating the FIB cutting and fracture density calculation; performing point projection of the fracture surface density-section sequence of each section on a two-dimensional rectangular coordinate system, and connecting by using a smooth curve; and calculating the surface density of natural fractures. The method for evaluating shale natural micro-fracture development by using a focused ion beam-scanning electron microscope solves the problem of insufficient micro-fracture characterization scale of a rock mechanics parameter calculation method by using scanning electron microscope observation and statistics experiments, and avoids the problem of large transfer error of a mineral component parameter calculation method.

A well system includes a wellbore extending from a wellhead and penetrating a producible reservoir and a downhole assembly extendable into the wellbore and including a laser component operable to emit a laser beam into the producible reservoir to induce a first plurality of micro-fractures extending radially outward from the wellbore. The downhole assembly includes a stimulation tool that includes an acoustic component including one or more acoustic generators operable to generate and propagate acoustic waves into the producible reservoir and thereby induce a second plurality of micro-fractures extending radially outward from the wellbore, and one or more acoustic receivers operable to detect and receive reflected acoustic waves returned back from the producible reservoir. The downhole assembly includes a fluid sampling component operable to extract fluid samples from the wellbore at locations radially adjacent the producible reservoir wherein data related to the reflected acoustic waves and the fluid samples is analyzed to characterize the first and second pluralities of micro-fractures.

This invention relates to the field of source-end reservoir formation simulation technology, specifically a simulation device based on the effect of microfracture number on source-end reservoir formation efficiency. The device includes a test platform, an experimental chamber, and a fracture-forming assembly. An experimental chamber is fixed to the upper side of the test platform, and a loading container containing reservoir samples is placed inside. A borehole is vertically drilled at the center of the reservoir sample, and an injection mechanism slides through the borehole. A storage tank is located on one side of the test platform, connected to the injection mechanism via a delivery pump. A pressure-applying assembly is positioned on the upper side of the reservoir sample, capable of compressing the upper surface of the sample. This invention features a reasonable and compact structure, is easy to use, and allows for the injection of oil and gas into the reservoir sample using the injection mechanism, thereby artificially controlling the distribution of oil and gas to form specific reservoirs. The pressure-applying assembly simulates ground pressure movement, and the fracture-forming assembly assists in the formation of flow fractures within the reservoir sample, enabling multi-faceted experimental simulations.

The utility model belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, and particularly relates to a side cutting dental drill for dental implantation, which comprises a connecting part and a cutting part axially arranged at one end of the connecting part, and a plurality of spirally distributed chip grooves are arranged from the front end of the cutting part to the tail end connected with the connecting part. Spiral side cutting edges which are distributed along the chip grooves and act in the circumferential direction are arranged between the adjacent chip grooves, and a plurality of tooth-shaped side cutting edges acting in the axial direction are arranged on the spiral side cutting edges. Through multiple cutting-in of the spiral side cutting edge and the axial tooth-shaped fine cutting edge, smooth and uniform cutting can be achieved on the side wall of the alveolar bone, side wall burrs and micro-cracks are reduced, the forming quality of the side wall of an implant nest is remarkably improved, and tight attachment of an implant and bone tissue is facilitated. Due to the geometric angle of the side cutting blade peak and the side cutting invasion blade, the cutting force is more concentrated and sharp, the side cutting resistance and the vibration amplitude are reduced, the hand feeling of a doctor is improved, and meanwhile the operation vibration feeling of a patient in the side cutting stage is reduced.

The present invention discloses an interaction integral method for decoupling the macro-micro fracture strength factors of chiral materials. First, according to the governing equations of chiral materials and the expressions of auxiliary fields, a J-integral expression characterized by macro-micro strength factors is obtained; second, the interaction part of the real field and the auxiliary field of chiral materials is extracted to obtain the line integral form of the interaction integral; third, by substituting the definition of the auxiliary field and the governing equations of the real field into the interaction integral, an interaction integral form considering chiral microstructures is obtained. Subsequently, the line integral along the material interface is derived to eliminate the influence of the chiral material interface integral. Finally, according to the J-integral expression, the relationship between the interaction integral and the macro-micro strength factors is obtained, and the macro-micro strength factors are separated by selecting the auxiliary strength factors. This method can achieve the decoupling of the macroscopic stress intensity factor and the microscopic couple stress intensity factor of chiral materials and accurately analyze the fracture behavior of materials.

The invention discloses a fracturing method for reducing fracture disturbance fault influence, which comprises the following steps of: determining the maximum displacement and the maximum injection liquid amount of first-section fracturing construction according to fault type, fault extension condition, distance between fault and fracturing section and micro-fracture development degree, performing first-section fracturing construction by taking supercritical carbon dioxide as preposed liquid, and performing second-section fracturing construction by taking supercritical carbon dioxide as preposed liquid; determining the minimum time interval of the adjacent construction sections according to the distance between the fault and the fracturing sections, the spatial distribution of the microseism events monitored in the fracturing construction of the first section and the development degree of the microfractures between the two fracturing sections and the fault; re-checking the micro-fracture development degree between the fracturing section and the fault, and determining the maximum displacement and the maximum liquid injection amount of the fracturing construction of the second section; and second-section fracturing construction is conducted based on the minimum time interval, and the steps are repeated till fracturing construction of all sections is completed. The method can be directly applied to an oil and gas development site, the disturbance influence of fracturing on a fault is greatly reduced, and the purpose of safe fracturing is achieved.

The invention discloses a low-temperature repair-resistant reinforced anti-cracking additive and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of concrete repair materials. The additive is composed of a matrix component, a functional additive and an active repairing component according to the mass ratio of 80: (5-10): (5-10). The matrix component comprises sulphoaluminate cement clinker and composite mineral filler; the functional additives comprise modified nano silicon dioxide, polymer rubber powder, an organic anti-freezing agent and anti-cracking fibers; the active repairing component comprises a microbial capsule type self-repairing material and an internal curing agent, wherein a microbial capsule comprises sporosarcina pasteurii and bacillus urealyticum. Through the synergistic effect of the microbial capsules and the modified nano silicon dioxide, efficient self-repairing of concrete microcracks in a low-temperature freeze-thaw environment is achieved, meanwhile, the early strength, freezing resistance, crack resistance and durability of concrete are remarkably improved, and the concrete is especially suitable for protection and repairing of concrete structures in alpine regions.

The present application belongs to the technical field of oil and gas production, and relates to a core processing method for simulating a formation fracture network for reservoir damage and protection evaluation, comprising the following steps: preparing a plurality of core columns reflecting the formation composition of the evaluation oil and gas reservoir; taking the prepared core columns, forming forces in the directions of two horizontal principal stresses and overburden pressure on the core columns according to a preset loading mode and interval time, so that the same fracture-microfracture fracture network as the formation rock of the oil and gas reservoir is formed in the core; obtaining a stereogram of the fracture network through digital core scanning, and calculating the fracture degree and high-density mineral data of the fracture body, and establishing the fracture distribution of the core after fracturing, until the fracture degree and high-density mineral data of the core column are consistent with the fracture degree and high-density mineral data of the formation core. The present application can produce a formation rock core consistent with the formation seepage channel, and the established core better simulates the formation condition, and the evaluation result is more reliable.

The invention relates to the technical field of geology, in particular to a compact sandstone reservoir microfracture prediction method and system, and the method comprises the steps: data preparation and feature extraction, physical constraint model construction, semi-supervised model training and microfracture density prediction. Compared with the prior art that original seismic attributes are generally directly input into a machine learning model, so that a model learning target is not clear, and the physical significance of a prediction result is fuzzy, the method adopts a scheme of pre-extracting an elastic modulus frequency dispersion attribute as a core input feature based on an equivalent embedded body stress averaging theory; the method has the advantage of ensuring that input characteristics and micro-fracture development have clear rock physical mechanism association from the source, equivalently, a high-quality information source after physical purification is provided for the model, and the geological pertinence and interpretability of a prediction result are greatly improved.

The invention provides a characterization method for development degrees of natural fractures of different scales, relates to the field of oil exploitation, and aims to comprehensively and accurately characterize the development degrees of the natural fractures of different scales, especially to solve the problem of small and micro fractures in shale oil reservoirs. The method is realized through the following steps of: firstly, dividing crack types based on core observation in combination with a focused ion beam-scanning electron microscope technology; secondly, analyzing response characteristics of the cracks in electric imaging logging, array acoustic logging and conventional logging; thirdly, constructing a crack identification sample library containing the features; and finally, constructing an intelligent crack evaluation model by applying a grey correlation algorithm to obtain a crack development index. According to the method, large-scale structural cause cracks and tiny non-structural cause cracks are distinguished, crack classification can be refined, the recognition capacity is complemented through multiple well logging technologies, and the recognition precision is improved. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the accuracy of crack identification is greatly enhanced, and reservoir assessment and fracturing design are optimized.

This invention discloses a design method for multi-fracture fracturing with in-fracture temporary plugging, comprising: simulating the construction parameters and fracture parameters required for the temporary plugging stage using fracturing software; calculating the average dynamic main fracture width; calculating the plugging slug length, plugging agent dosage, and plugging agent particle size; adding a low-density, low-temperature soluble temporary plugging agent at the beginning of the temporary plugging to achieve dynamic main fracture bridging and pressure increase, opening lateral natural microfractures or branch fractures; at the end of the temporary plugging, using low-viscosity fracturing fluid with ultra-low-density small-particle-size proppant to support the natural microfractures; and after the temporary plugging is completed, carrying out main fracturing operations, using large-particle-size proppant for dynamic main fracture filling. This invention is designed for oil wells with high recovery rates in old fractures, achieving orderly filling of secondary and main fractures, thereby improving the effectiveness of multi-fracture fracturing.

A tissue microfracture apparatus including a housing having a proximal end and a distal end that includes an aperture. The apparatus also includes an elongated member having proximal and distal ends with at least one tissue microfracture spike protruding from the distal end. The member operates cooperatively with the housing to expose a portion of the spike through the aperture. The apparatus also includes a disposing facility between the elongated member and the housing to dispose the spike in a home position within the housing. The disposing facility may be a spring element positioned at either the proximal or distal end of the housing. The elongated member may include a force receiving surface on the proximal end for receiving a force that facilitates exposing the portion of the spike. An exposure limiting facility limits the exposed portion of the spike.

The application provides a barite powder-based drilling fluid downhole fracture plugging effect three-dimensional CT image evaluation method, and belongs to the field of petroleum engineering, and comprises the following steps: obtaining a three-dimensional CT image of a fracture-matrix core model; identifying a micro-fracture topological structure in the three-dimensional CT image, adding a sealing agent material and a barite powder-based drilling fluid; quantitatively evaluating a micro-fracture filling effect based on the fracture-matrix core model, equivalently treating matrix pores as internal micro-fractures of the rock, and counting micro-fracture porosities of each layer; constructing a three-dimensional reconstruction evaluation model, analyzing a plugging effect, calculating an error rate of an average porosity in a two-dimensional image and a porosity of fracture filling reconstruction of the three-dimensional core model, establishing a complete evaluation technical system, improving the accuracy of fracture plugging effect evaluation, and realizing accurate characterization of a complex fracture network; and innovatively proposing a treatment method of equivalently treating matrix pores as internal micro-fractures of the rock, and realizing multi-scale integrated analysis.

The invention discloses an MGPCC microcrack early warning system based on an acoustic emission technology, and relates to the technical field of microcrack early warning, the MGPCC microcrack early warning system comprises probe sensors, a signal amplifier and an acoustic emission acquisition system, the plurality of probe sensors are in signal connection with the signal amplifier, and the signal amplifier is in signal connection with the acoustic emission acquisition system. On the basis of the energy evolution principle in the fracture process, the relationship between the fracture energy of the MG PCC and AE characteristic parameter evolution is verified, AE accumulated characteristic parameters are associated with the strain in the fracture process according to a Gamma distribution model, the fracture damage function of the MG PCC is established, quantitative characterization of the fracture damage process based on the AE characteristic parameters is achieved, and the method has the advantages of being high in practicability and the like. And a theoretical basis is provided for evaluating the fracture damage characteristics of the MGPCC.

The invention relates to a multi-scale fracture core sample based on a tight reservoir, an experimental device and a method, the core sample comprises four core units, the four core units form a cube, longitudinal fractures or transverse fractures are respectively formed between the adjacent core units, and the longitudinal fractures or the transverse fractures are formed between the adjacent core units. The longitudinal crack and the transverse crack respectively penetrate through the rock core sample; the rock core unit is selected from any one or a combination of two or more of a matrix rock core, a micro-fracture rock core and a fractured rock core. The device can effectively simulate the real tight reservoir in the presence of nano-micron cracks, micro-cracks and cracks, and solves the problem that the gas permeability determination experiment of the core sample and the experiment for judging whether the core sample is sensitive to the flow velocity cannot be carried out due to the lack of the core sample based on the multi-scale cracks of the tight reservoir at present.

The present invention provides a micro-powder material and a micro-crack support construction method. The raw materials of the micro-powder material include aluminum oxide powder, bauxite, silicon micro-powder, calcium oxide micro-powder, magnesium oxide powder, and manganese ore powder in a mass ratio of 60-75:25-35:10-20:30-50:15-25:2-10. The construction method is carried out using the above-mentioned micro-powder material; the construction method includes support construction for micro-cracks with a size of less than 200μm. The micro-powder material provided by the present invention can effectively enter the micro-crack channel and provide efficient support, which can solve the problem of multi-scale complex fracture networks formed by the current unconventional reservoir fracturing. The existing proppant cannot enter the small and micro-scale fractures due to its large particle size, resulting in the micro-cracks being unable to be effectively supported and closing quickly after fracturing.

Apparatuses and methods for microfracture (e.g., forming a plurality of microfractures in a bone to encourage cartilage regeneration). Some of the present apparatuses and methods are configured to create microfractures with smaller transverse dimensions (e.g., diameters) and greater depths than previously known. Some of the present apparatuses and methods comprise a penetrator removal tab coupled to the penetrator and configured to retract the penetrator relative to the cannula.

The application discloses a fracturing method for reducing the influence of fracturing on a fault, and comprises the following steps: according to the fault type, the fault extension, the distance between the fault and the fracturing section and the micro-fracture development degree, the maximum displacement and the maximum injection liquid volume of the first section fracturing construction are determined; supercritical carbon dioxide is used as a pre-fluid to perform the first section fracturing construction; according to the distance between the fault and the fracturing section, the microseismic event spatial distribution monitored in the first section fracturing construction and the micro-fracture development degree between the two fracturing sections and the fault, the minimum time interval of the adjacent construction section is determined; the micro-fracture development degree between the fracturing section and the fault is rechecked, the maximum displacement and the maximum injection liquid volume of the second section fracturing construction are determined; the second section fracturing construction is performed based on the minimum time interval; and the above steps are repeated until the fracturing construction of all sections is completed. The application can be directly applied to an oil and gas development site, greatly reduces the influence of fracturing on the fault, and achieves the purpose of safe fracturing.

The invention relates to a mass concrete surface microcrack self-healing spraying material and a preparation process thereof, and belongs to the field of building material preparation. Sodium silicate is hydrolyzed to generate silicic acid, then a condensation reaction is performed to form silicon-oxygen bonds, the silicon-oxygen bonds and calcium ions generate calcium silicate gel to repair cracks, release is controlled through microencapsulated sodium silicate, and stability and repair efficiency are improved; a dynamic reversible chemical bond and a temperature-sensitive material are introduced into the silicon resin, so that the adhesive force of the material and the fracture repairing capability are enhanced.

This invention relates to the field of oil and gas field development and discloses a model construction method and system for multi-scale characterization of microfractures in compacted clastic rocks. The method includes: preparing artificial rock cores under simulated formation depth and pressure conditions within a reactor mold; simultaneously acquiring acoustic wave data axially passing through the artificial rock core during the compaction process; injecting epoxy resin adhesive into the artificial rock core after preparation; and slicing the artificial rock core to obtain corresponding cast thin sections after the adhesive has completely solidified; acquiring a full-view image of the cast thin sections and obtaining the number of fractures, fracture width, number of gravels, and surface fracture ratio from the full-view image; acquiring the number of acoustic pulse frames to obtain acoustic pulse frame images corresponding to different simulation depths; projecting the obtained surface fracture ratio onto the acoustic pulse frame image based on the same simulation depth conditions, and then correlating it with the full-view image of the cast thin sections to obtain a joint distribution model of image-surface fracture ratio-acoustic pulse frame number corresponding to the simulation depth, which is the final model.

The invention relates to a microfracture proppant and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of oil exploitation. According to the preparation method of the microcrack proppant, on the basis of taking nano silicon dioxide as a carrier, high-strength epoxy resin is cured on the surfaces of nano silicon dioxide particles to prepare micron-sized particles, and the particle size of the micron-sized particles can be controlled within several to dozens of microns. The nano silicon dioxide particles are resistant to high pressure and high temperature, uniform in particle size and the like. The resin serving as the wrapping layer has the advantages of high temperature resistance, high compressive strength, easiness in wrapping and controllable curing. The particles are wrapped by atomized resin, the uniformity of a wrapping layer can be ensured, and the formed micro-crack propping agent has the characteristics of high compressive strength, high temperature resistance, uniform particle size and stable and reliable performance, not only can play a better filling and supporting role, but also can meet the state requirements of underground high temperature and high pressure. The problem that an existing proppant cannot ensure uniform wrapping of resin, and consequently performance is unstable is solved.