1177 results about "Heat effect" patented technology

The invention relates to the field of abrasion morphology determination and abrasion loss calculation, and discloses an abrasion morphology and contact stress analysis and prediction method and system based on a rough contact surface, a medium and equipment, and the method comprises the steps: constructing a dynamic contact model, and obtaining an accurate movement rule and a stress analysis result of a moving mechanical component; constructing a three-dimensional rough surface digital twinborn model conforming to an actual contact surface; establishing a contact stress field multi-physical field analysis model to obtain elastic deformation and a friction heat effect; based on the contact stress distribution and the local wear rate which are obtained in real time, carrying out dynamic reconstruction on the wear morphology, and establishing a nonlinear iteration relation between the wear loss and the contact stress distribution; determining an accurate boundary condition based on an accurate movement rule and a stress analysis result of the moving mechanical component, and constructing a failure criterion based on contact stress gradient mutation and surface roughness evolution; key parameters are calibrated through experiments, and a mapping relation database of wear rate-stress state-morphological characteristics is established so as to carry out friction wear analysis.

The invention relates to the technical field of connector monitoring, in particular to a method and a system for monitoring faults of a connector in real time. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring object data of a connector, acquiring operating environment parameters including temperature, humidity, current, voltage and vibration conditions, and comprehensively evaluating the operating state of the connector; the mechanical toughness deterioration trend of the connector is detected, the gradual change failure condition of the contact interface is further analyzed, and the dynamic power attenuation degree of the connector is predicted; analyzing an internal component loss condition caused by the heat effect, and detecting a fatigue aggravation condition in the connector; and the aging trend of the assembly is evaluated according to the fatigue aggravation degree, the overall stability degradation degree of the connector is further evaluated, accurate monitoring of the connector fault is finally realized, and connector fault data is obtained. According to the invention, the connector fault identification is optimized, so that the connector fault identification is more accurate.

The invention discloses a building curtain wall BIM forward design method, and relates to the technical field of building curtain wall design, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: obtaining environment dynamic information of each region in real time, and respectively generating an air flow equilibrium coefficient and a thermal effect index of each region; and constructing a heat effect risk model for the generated air flow equilibrium coefficient and heat effect index of each region, generating a heat effect risk coefficient of each region, and predicting a risk level of a heat effect caused by unbalanced air flow in each region of the air layer in the double-layer curtain wall. Dividing each area of the air layer in the double-layer curtain wall into a high-risk area, a medium-risk area and a low-risk area according to the prediction result; and taking corresponding air flow optimization and heat effect control measures according to the division result of each area of the air layer in the double-layer curtain wall. The heat effect problem caused by unbalanced air flow of the double-layer curtain wall is solved, and the effects of optimizing the heat preservation performance and reducing energy consumption are achieved.

The invention discloses high-precision laser cutting equipment suitable for a complex circuit board, and relates to the technical field of circuit board cutting, the high-precision laser cutting equipment comprises a ceramic table top, a base, a cooling assembly and a waste collecting assembly, the ceramic table top is fixedly mounted at the top end of the outer wall of the base; a cooling assembly and a waste collecting assembly are fixedly installed on the side face of the base through a conveying mechanism. The cooling assembly comprises a nozzle, a liquid box and a radiator, the nozzle is fixedly installed on the side face of the top end of the outer wall of the base through a supporting piece, the liquid box is fixedly installed on the side face of the outer wall of the base, the radiator is fixedly installed on the side face of the inner wall of the base, an impeller is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner wall of the radiator, and a ventilation opening is formed below the impeller. And a dustproof net is fixedly mounted at the ventilation opening through a bolt. By installing the cooling assembly, the cutting temperature is reduced, the problem of material deformation caused by the heat effect is solved, and it is helpful for guaranteeing the flatness and smoothness of the cutting face and the overall integrity of the circuit board.

The invention discloses a control method and system of a servo press, and relates to the field of press control, a force displacement curve is obtained in real time from a current punching period, a key feature vector of the force displacement curve is extracted, the key feature vector is compared with an ideal golden feature vector, and a multi-dimensional deviation vector is obtained. Particularly, a deviation decoupling method based on morphological analysis is introduced, and the total deviation can be accurately decomposed into a thermal drift compensation amount caused by the thermal effect of equipment and a material characteristic compensation coefficient caused by plate performance fluctuation by analyzing translation and zooming differences of a current curve and a gold curve in form. Therefore, independent and accurate compensation can be carried out for a physical source, the problems of information aliasing and compensation failure caused by the fact that disturbance sources cannot be distinguished in the prior art are effectively solved, intelligent and feed-forward type cooperative compensation for the next stamping period is achieved, and long-term stability and high precision of the production process are ensured.

The invention discloses an HDI micro blind hole laser drilling processing method and system, and relates to the field of HDI drilling processing, CO2 laser drilling is firstly carried out on a plate, then UV laser shaping is carried out, finally quality detection is carried out, and the core is that a plurality of local datum points distributed in a matrix mode are preset on the HDI plate to be processed. In the CO2 laser drilling process, the drilling task and the positioning action of the local datum point are executed alternately through a control program. By periodically measuring the actual position of the adjacent local datum point in the machining period, the dynamic position offset generated in the area due to the heat effect can be captured in real time, and the machining coordinates of the follow-up target drilling point in the area can be corrected in real time through the offset. The continuous local dynamic compensation effectively overcomes the dynamic thermally induced deformation problem which cannot be handled by the traditional single global correction, so that the drilling precision in the large-size and high-density machining process is ensured.

The invention relates to the field of welding, and particularly discloses a laser galvanometer system and a high-power laser scanning welding head. The laser galvanometer system comprises a mounting shell, a galvanometer mounting seat and a galvanometer system; the galvanometer mounting seat is mounted on the inner bottom surface of the mounting shell, a mounting cavity is formed in the bottom surface of the galvanometer mounting seat, and the galvanometer system is mounted in the galvanometer mounting seat; the galvanometer system comprises a first galvanometer, the first galvanometer comprises a first motor, a first lens bracket and a first lens, and the first lens bracket comprises a connecting part and a mounting part; the connecting part is connected to a first motor output shaft; the mounting part is connected to the side of the connecting part away from the first motor, the side of the mounting part is provided with a mounting groove for placing the side of the first lens, and the edge of one side of the first lens is adhered in the mounting groove; two protection tables are connected to the side face of the mounting part and located on the two sides of the mounting groove correspondingly. The two ends of the installation part are connected with two protrusions, and the two protrusions are located on the two sides of the installation groove respectively. The laser scanning welding head has the effect of solving the heat effect of the laser scanning welding head.

The invention relates to the technical field of graphene, and discloses a deep skin anti-wrinkle beauty instrument applying a graphene electrothermal effect and a control method, the method comprises the following steps: pre-activating a graphene electrothermal film to obtain a negative temperature coefficient resistance characteristic parameter; performing contact state detection and multi-parameter analysis on the target area to obtain personalized temperature control parameters; pWM sectional power control is carried out on the graphene electrothermal film based on the personalized temperature control parameters and the negative temperature coefficient resistance characteristic parameters, and a staged heating temperature output strategy is obtained; real-time feedback adjustment is carried out based on a staged heating temperature output strategy, and a stable temperature control signal is obtained; the graphene electrothermal film is subjected to gradual cooling power adjustment according to the stable temperature control signal, meanwhile, the safe stop state of the beauty instrument is confirmed, the unique characteristic that the resistance value is reduced when the temperature of the graphene material rises is utilized, and compared with a traditional linear resistance material, the temperature control precision and the response speed are higher.

The invention relates to the technical field of numerical control machining, in particular to an automatic input system and method for geometric parameters of a numerical control tool. The method comprises the following steps of obtaining point cloud data and material characteristics of a tool, removing abnormal points to clean the data, extracting the edge contour of the tool, performing geometric parameter mapping through the edge contour, determining geometric characteristics of the tool, reconstructing a tool framework, obtaining a numerical control machining task, and performing cutting load simulation on the reconstructed tool. Analyzing the initial wear data, performing heat effect prediction based on cutting load, calculating the thermal deformation degree of the cutter, performing deformation compensation on the initial wear data, generating geometric deformation data, drawing a deformation-time curve, performing time sequence tracking parameter compensation according to the change process of the cutter, and realizing real-time recording and updating. According to the method, the management efficiency and the machining precision of the numerical control tool are integrally improved, and the stability and predictability of the production process are enhanced.

The invention belongs to the field of magnetic refrigeration materials, and particularly discloses a gadolinium-based molybdate magnetic refrigeration material and a preparation method and application thereof. The gadolinium-based molybdate magnetic refrigeration material comprises GdXMoO4, wherein X is F, Cl, Br or I; the magnetic phase change temperature of the gadolinium-based molybdate magnetic refrigeration material is less than 2K, and the maximum magnetic entropy change of the gadolinium-based molybdate magnetic refrigeration material is greater than or equal to 12J. Kg <-1 >. K <-1 > when the magnetic field change is 0-50kOe. The gadolinium-based molybdate magnetic refrigeration material disclosed by the invention has extremely low magnetic phase transition temperature, has relatively high magnetocaloric efficiency in a low magnetic field, is an extremely low temperature region magnetic refrigeration material with excellent performance, and has a wide application prospect in the field of extremely low temperature magnetic refrigeration.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a green and environment-friendly novel optical / electric heating effect anti-icing and deicing coating, and belongs to the field of preparation of anti-icing coatings. The invention aims to solve the problems of low deicing efficiency, poor wear resistance, environmental pollution and complex preparation technology of the existing super-hydrophobic material with the photo-thermal electric heating function. The method comprises the following steps: 1, preparing an anti-icing and deicing coating solution; and 2, preparing the anti-icing and deicing coating. The preparation method is used for preparing the green and environment-friendly novel optical / electric heating effect anti-icing and deicing coating.

The invention provides a photo-thermal super-hydrophobic energy storage material, a preparation method thereof and application of the photo-thermal super-hydrophobic energy storage material in anti-icing and deicing, and belongs to the technical field of anti-icing and deicing. The photo-thermal super-hydrophobic energy storage material provided by the invention comprises an energy storage coating and a photo-thermal super-hydrophobic layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the energy storage coating comprises the following components: first resin and phase change energy storage microcapsules distributed in the first resin; the components of the photo-thermal super-hydrophobic layer comprise second resin and a photo-thermal inorganic material distributed in the second resin; the surface of the photo-thermal super-hydrophobic layer is provided with a micro-nano structure. Efficient anti-icing / deicing is achieved through the synergistic effect of the photothermal effect, the energy storage characteristic and the super-hydrophobicity, and the result of the embodiment shows that the anti-icing duration of the coating prepared through the method reaches 1.5 times that of a traditional super-hydrophobic surface. Meanwhile, under the illumination condition, the temperature of the coating can be increased to about 50 DEG C within 2000 s, and ice can rapidly fall off from the surface of the coating.

The invention relates to a Raman nondestructive testing system for cultural heritage based on a cooling device. Comprising a vacuum chamber, and the vacuum chamber is used for placing a sample and receiving Raman scattering signals generated by the light inlet module penetrating through the vacuum chamber, irradiating the surface of the cultural relic sample and exciting the sample; the cooling device module is connected with the vacuum chamber and is used for efficiently cooling the vacuum chamber and preventing the cultural relic sample from being damaged by a laser heat effect; the control and data processing module is used for monitoring and adjusting the laser power, the chamber pressure and the temperature of the sample table in real time, analyzing the collected Raman spectrum data and outputting a detection result; the laser energy density at the sample can be effectively reduced, and the cultural relic sample is prevented from being damaged due to strong light focusing irradiation; meanwhile, efficient collection of Raman signals in a large light spot range is achieved through the beam expander and the signal collection module, and the problem that the signal strength is weakened is solved.

The invention discloses a 3D printing path optimization method for a multi-joint industrial robot, and relates to the field of 3D printing path optimization. The method comprises the steps that a normalized torque load index is generated according to the joint torque of the mechanical arm, and a layer cutting thickness sequence is generated in combination with the model surface curvature; a vibration risk index is constructed through the joint angular acceleration, the attitude interpolation weight is dynamically adjusted, and an attitude interpolation trajectory is generated; according to the distribution characteristics of the temperature field around the path point, calculating a thermal coupling factor, generating a thermal avoidance path offset, and correcting the path point; calculating a collision risk score based on the minimum Euclidean distance between the path point and the obstacle model; and fusing the cutting layer thickness, the vibration risk, the thermal coupling factor and the collision risk score, and constructing a global path scoring function. Through comprehensive consideration of mechanical arm load, vibration risk, heat accumulation and collision risk, printing precision and quality are effectively improved, path smoothness is optimized, vibration and heat influences are reduced, material deformation is avoided, and stability of the printing process is ensured.

The invention discloses a CO2 coal seam CH4 gas competitive adsorption heat effect testing method and device, and belongs to the field of coal mines. The method comprises the following steps: loading a dry coal sample into a non-contact temperature measurement coal sample tank, and measuring the free space volume V0 in the non-contact temperature measurement coal sample tank; different environment temperatures and competitive adsorption pressures are set, the first step is repeated for multiple times, multiple first data sets are obtained, a relation curve of eta and delta T is obtained, and each first data set comprises the competitive adsorption replacement ratio eta of CO2 and CH4 gas and the heat effect delta T of the competitive adsorption equilibrium coal sample. The method has no influence on the replacement effect during testing, enables the measurement result to be accurate, can obtain the gas competitive adsorption and gas reciprocal diffusion rules in the process of replacing the CH4 in the coal seam by the CO2, can deeply analyze the driving mechanism and the action efficiency of the CH4 in the coal seam by the CO2 from the perspective of energy migration, and can improve the detection accuracy. And a theoretical support is provided for realizing reasonable optimization and efficiency maximization of key control parameters.

The invention discloses an ultraviolet laser enhanced plasma electrolytic polishing method for an aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material, which is characterized in that the conductive performance of a reinforced phase SiC material is locally improved by utilizing the synergistic effect of the local thermal effect and the photoelectric effect of ultraviolet laser, and meanwhile, uniform-speed polishing of a metal aluminum matrix and the reinforced phase SiC material is achieved by virtue of plasma discharge. And the machining efficiency is obviously improved, a machined surface with higher quality compared with traditional machining and single plasma electrolytic polishing is obtained, and further application and popularization of the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material are facilitated.

The invention discloses a control method and system for enhancing repetition precision of a laser galvanometer, and the method comprises the steps: collecting laser power fluctuation and mirror surface temperature sequence data, obtaining a heat effect state vector through preprocessing, carrying out the noise interference updating of the heat effect state vector, inputting the heat effect state vector into a neural network model, and obtaining a preliminary thermal deformation predicted value; calculating an angle compensation parameter in combination with a preset compensation matrix to obtain a preliminary compensation signal; posterior state estimation correction is carried out, control parameters are adjusted, and enhanced compensation signals are obtained; then generating an instruction input sequence and carrying out iterative optimization to obtain an optimized angle compensation parameter; fusing position feedback to obtain a stable output track; and calculating the deviation between the angle compensation parameter and the real-time trajectory data, optimizing a heat effect state vector to obtain an optimized heat effect state vector, and recalculating the angle compensation parameter to obtain a final angle compensation parameter. According to the method, the track precision and stability of the laser galvanometer system under the complex heat effect can be remarkably improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to a grating sensitization structure, a preparation method thereof and an optical fiber sensor. The preparation method comprises the following steps: removing a cladding with a preset length and a preset height from an optical fiber by adopting a side polishing process; forming a side parabolic surface and an annular surface, and etching a plurality of grooves in the annular surface; plating a metal film on the annular surface; and preparing a Pt / WO3 film on the metal film and the side polished surface to obtain the grating sensitization structure. According to the preparation method, the Pt / WO3 thin film is used as a hydrogen-sensitive material, when the hydrogen concentration changes, the Pt / WO3 thin film absorbs hydrogen and releases heat, the temperature of the grating is increased, the metal thin film expands and deforms due to the heat effect, the grating is pulled to generate strain, and the response of the optical fiber sensor to the hydrogen concentration change is increased. Meanwhile, the grating is laterally thrown to form a D-shaped structure, and the stress on the two sides of the grating is not uniform, so that the grating is bent, the strain effect is enhanced, and the sensitivity of the optical fiber sensor is further enhanced.

The invention relates to the technical field of chip etching, in particular to a high-precision etching method and device for the surface of a photoelectric chip. The method comprises the following steps: determining a laser response relation value according to line characteristics of an etching contour corresponding to angular points in an etching path of a laser beam in the surface etching process of the photoelectric chip, angle changes between different angular points and a response relation between energy scattering rates; determining a scanning oscillation risk value at the angular point position according to the attenuation condition of the etching scanning speed of the laser beam; dynamic errors are introduced based on the scanning oscillation risk values, and the heat loss probability of the laser beam characteristics is determined; determining adjustment coefficients for etching to different angular points by combining the laser response relation value and the heat loss probability; and adjusting the etching scanning speed of the laser equipment in real time by adjusting the coefficient. By dynamically adjusting the etching scanning speed of the laser beam, the balance between the heat effect and the processing quality is accurately controlled, and the consistency of the processing efficiency and the path shape is considered.

The invention relates to the technical field of glass pot cover machining, and discloses glass pot cover machining equipment and a method thereof.The glass pot cover machining equipment comprises a protective cover, a conveying mechanism, a clamp, a precise recognition control system, an ultraviolet laser system and a man-machine interaction system, a punching machining area is arranged in the middle of the conveying mechanism, and the clamp comprises two full-wrapping clamping arms and two half-wrapping clamping arms; a cooling and dust-settling mechanism is arranged outside the protective cover and comprises a cooling and dust-settling spray head, and a communicating hose which is integrally communicated with the cooling and dust-settling spray head is arranged outside the cooling and dust-settling spray head. In the process of clamping and positioning the glass pot cover, the cooling and dust falling spray head can spray cooling liquid to pre-cool the surface of the glass pot cover, and in the process of laser drilling of the glass pot cover, the cooling and dust falling spray head can conduct cooling and dust falling on the drilling position along with movement of the laser drilling head; and the punching precision is prevented from being influenced by the heat effect generated at the punching position.

The invention relates to the technical field of laser beam machining, in particular to a method and system for machining a resonant gyroscope curved surface electrode based on femtosecond laser, and the method comprises the following steps: clamping an electrode base on a femtosecond laser galvanometer five-axis linkage machining platform; the center axis of the curved surface electrode and the laser beam coincide with the rotating axis of the femtosecond laser galvanometer five-axis linkage machining platform, and the accurate coordinates of the laser beam in a machine tool coordinate system are determined; performing spherical surface specificity modeling on the electrode base to obtain a control code; a control code is input into a machine tool control system, after control parameters are adjusted, femtosecond laser five-axis linkage machining is conducted on the electrode base, and reflected light signals are transmitted to a computer through a real-time observer in the machining process. The method and the system provided by the invention solve the technical problem that the processing precision and the processing quality of the curved surface electrode are difficult to meet the requirements due to film layer flanging, recasting and substrate cracking caused by a heat effect.

The control device comprises a control module, an ice melting power supply module, a boundary switch, a short circuit switch and an ice melting switch, the boundary switch, the short circuit switch, the ice melting switch and a protection switch are arranged on a high-voltage cable, and the control module sequentially drives the boundary switch, the short circuit switch, the ice melting switch and the protection switch to execute state switching through action instructions. The conduction control of the ice melting loop is realized; the control module integrates a finite element algorithm function, collects current, voltage and temperature distribution parameters in an ice melting loop in real time, and dynamically corrects ice melting current parameters through three-dimensional electromagnetic-thermal coupling field simulation; setting a parametric modeling unit, and calculating an optimal voltage regulation gear based on a heat balance equation and a Joule heat effect to realize adaptive voltage regulation; the demarcation switch, the short circuit switch and the ice melting switch are arranged, the effect of cable short circuit heating ice melting is achieved by sequentially controlling the on-off states of all the switches, finite element real-time simulation and parameterization voltage regulation decision are combined, and the cable ice melting efficiency, reliability and safety are remarkably improved.

The invention relates to an experimental device and method for studying the partial discharge aging mechanism of an insulating material, and belongs to the technical field of insulating materials. Comprising a multifunctional closed cavity, a high-voltage circuit, a detection loop and a monitoring sensor, and can accurately control the environment atmosphere, the discharge gap and the discharge voltage, thereby simulating the actual complex operation condition of an insulating material under the high-voltage condition, and monitoring the light intensity, the discharge amount and the discharge energy in the discharge process. The device can obtain solid residues of an insulating material under different discharge conditions and collect gas and liquid products. The analysis method not only considers the partial discharge instantaneous heat effect, but also covers the comprehensive effects of active products, ultraviolet radiation and the like in the partial discharge process, so that the aging mechanism of the insulating material under the partial discharge effect is comprehensively analyzed.

A glass and metal laser welding method using a double-layer structure solder and its solder, the method includes: surface pretreatment, ultrasonic cleaning of the metal and glass surfaces, using pulsed laser deposition technology to sequentially deposit nano-Si and Al double-layer thin film pre-solder in the area to be welded on the glass surface; assembly, assembling the glass and metal according to the requirements of the connection joint, placing the glass solder with the pre-solder downward on the metal, and clamping the two with a clamp; nanosecond laser welding, focusing the laser on the contact surface of the thin film solder and the glass, and keeping the focus on the same plane, turning on the laser to scan and weld on the focal plane; post-welding treatment, using high-frequency nanosecond laser for post-welding heat treatment, and naturally cooling the joint after treatment. The present invention can accurately control the thermal effect generated in the tiny welding area, improve the wettability between the glass and metal interface, inhibit interface brittle compounds, and reduce thermal stress and residual stress.

The invention relates to a light / heat / magnetic detachable high-strength polyurethane adhesive as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The light / heat / magnetic detachable high-strength polyurethane adhesive comprises a polyurethane adhesive and a functional filler. According to the light / heat / magnetic detachable high-strength polyurethane adhesive prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention, the colloid is black, and the adhesive has excellent light absorption performance and can realize rapid separation of an adhesive interface under infrared irradiation through a heat effect; meanwhile, the ferroferric oxide can be vibrated and heated under the action of an external magnetic field due to the magnetic response characteristic of the ferroferric oxide, so that fracture and separation of the adhesive layer are promoted. By means of the technology, efficient and reversible disassembly of parts bonded through the hot melt adhesive is achieved, possibility is provided for recycling and reusing of bonding materials and devices, and the problem that traditional polyurethane hot melt adhesive cannot be recycled is solved.

The invention discloses a Cu2WS4-CuBi2O4 composite material with a photothermal effect and a preparation method and application thereof.The Cu2WS4-CuBi2O4 composite material is supported by CuBi2O4 of a rod-shaped structure, flaky Cu2WS4 is loaded on the surface of the rod-shaped CuBi2O4 through the interface regulation and control effect of a surfactant by adopting a hydrothermal method, and a Z-type heterojunction with the photothermal effect is formed; in an antibiotic degradation system, the Cu2WS4-CuBi2O4 composite material shows good photocatalytic performance and degradation effect under the synergistic effect of a photothermal effect and a PDS advanced oxidation process. The device is simple to prepare, stable in structure, high in repeatability and free of secondary pollution, and can meet laboratory and industrial requirements.

The invention discloses a method and application for ultrasonic-assisted laser additive manufacturing of a multi-scale structure coupling high-toughness aluminum alloy, and the method comprises the steps that high-Ni-content alloy steel powder is refined through high-energy ball milling, and then the refined alloy steel powder is dispersed and distributed in Al-Mg-Sc-Er-Zr alloy powder; an ultrasonic energy field is introduced to assist selective laser melting to form mixed powder, the ultrasonic energy field assists in generating nonlinear effects such as cavitation, acoustic streaming and heat effect, defects such as air holes and cracks are overcome to eliminate residual stress, and the Marlangoni effect is accelerated to increase the solidification speed; and finally, the high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy which has high density and is composed of micron-scale, submicron-scale and nano-scale multi-scale phase structures is prepared. The production cost is low, and the room-temperature tensile properties of the prepared high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy are as follows: the strength is greater than 850 MPa, and the fracture strain is greater than 6%.

According to the chip resistor and the preparation method thereof, the laser wire cutting grooves adjacent to the left electrode and the right electrode are formed in the resistance layer through laser cutting, the resistance value of the resistor can be accurately adjusted and controlled, the manufacturing precision and consistency of the resistor are improved, the laser cutting mode is optimized through diagonal cutting, and the production efficiency is improved. The laser wire cutting groove is limited at the diagonal position and is adjacent to the front electrode, and the heat effect of the resistor is correspondingly controlled, so that the heat dissipation performance is improved; according to the chip resistor, through a multi-layer protection structure formed by the first protection layer made of the glass material and the second protection layer made of the epoxy resin material, the invasion of moisture, chemical corrosion and mechanical damage is effectively prevented, the service life of the resistor in a severe environment is remarkably prolonged, and particularly, through the third protection layer made of the resin silver material, the service life of the resistor is prolonged. The anti-corrosion performance of the electrode part is enhanced, so that the resistor can keep stable electrical performance during long-time work.

To provide a bed structure, a heat source, a magnetic refrigeration apparatus with improved performance, and a method for manufacturing the bed structure.SOLUTION: A bed structure (10) is used in a magnetic refrigeration apparatus and equipped with a plurality of particles (11). The particles (11) have a magnetocaloric effect. Flow channels (14) through which fluid passes are formed between the particles (11). The bed structure (10) has a structure in which thermal conduction between the particles (11) is suppressed. The heat source comprises an application part which applies a magnetic field to the bed structure and particles. The heat source has a plurality of kinds of particles with different magnetocaloric effects. The magnetic refrigeration apparatus is equipped with a heat source and a moving part which moves fluid performing heat exchange with the particles.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The invention provides a laser marking system and method for metal surface dazzling and coloring, and relates to the technical field of metal surface laser precision machining.The system integrates a femtosecond laser, a nanosecond laser, an optical bread board, a lifting platform, an electric rotating slide, a scanning galvanometer, a focusing lens, a computer control system and an adsorption platform; two laser marking processes of colorful marking and coloring marking are innovatively combined; the femtosecond laser device achieves a colorful effect on the metal surface through ultrashort pulses, and the nanosecond laser device generates a colorful effect of various colors through the heat effect. Automatic switching of the two lasers is controlled through the lifting platform, the computer automatically recognizes the drawing and document process type, and multi-color-zone pattern marking is efficiently completed. The system is simple in structure and convenient to operate, can meet the high-precision double-process marking requirement of the metal surface, and is widely applied to the fields of consumer electronics, anti-counterfeiting technologies and the like.