1456results about How to "Optimal Control Structure" patented technology

The invention relates to a method for preparing a loading functional oxide porous carbon, which belongs to the technical field of carbon material. The method comprises the following steps of: selecting biomass material, and carbonizing at the temperature of 400-1000 DEG C in vacuum or on inert condition; preparing porous carbon by a physical activating or chemical activating process according to the requirement on the pore structure by the carbonized porous carbon; immersing the porous carbon into a precursor solution of an element M, cleaning many times with distilled water, and drying; roasting on the porous carbon at the temperature of 300-1000 DEG C in vacuum or on inert atmosphere, and then the active carbon of the loading functional oxide MxOy is prepared. The active carbon of the loading functional oxide MxOy prepared by the invention has the special pore structure of the biomass, also has the functions performed by the oxides, and has important application value in water treatment, hydrogen storage, photocatalysis, fuel cells and relevant fields.

The invention provides a high-performance thermal insulation material and a preparation method thereof. The thermal insulation material comprises silicon dioxide aerogel and a fiber material, wherein, the silicon dioxide aerogel takes silicon dioxide hydrosol as a raw material, and is prepared by adding a catalyst. The method comprises the following steps: sol preparing, sol dipping, gelating, gel ageing, hydrophobization treating and drying and the like. The method can conveniently and selectively prepare the materials of planes, abnormal-shape surfaces and multiple sizes, has simple and convenient operation and small environmental pollution. The material has excellent mechanical performance, good high-temperature stability and heat insulation performance, and has wide application prospect in the fields of civilian industries, space flight and aviation industries, military industries and the like.

The invention discloses a graphene, silver phosphate and titanium dioxide dual-functional composite and a method for preparing the same, and belongs to fields of photocatalysis technology, biological antibiosis and water pollution control. The method includes steps of ultrasonically treating oxidized graphene in water to obtain oxidized graphene dispersion liquid; dissolving silver phosphate in deionized water, adding the deionized water with the silver phosphate into the oxidized graphene dispersion liquid under the condition of stirring, and then stirring the oxidized graphene dispersion liquid to obtain mixed solution A; ultrasonically dispersing P25 in deionized water to prepare dispersion liquid, dripping the P25 dispersion liquid into the mixed solution A under the condition of magnetic stirring, and then stirring the mixed solution A to obtain mixed precursor solution B; and dripping phosphate solution into the mixed precursor solution B, then continuing stirring the mixed precursor solution B, shifting the mixed precursor solution B into a hydrothermal reaction kettle to enable the mixed precursor solution B to react so as to obtain a product, cooling the product to the room temperature, centrifuging the product, then washing the product and performing vacuum drying for the product to obtain the composite. The prepared composite not only can quickly degrade organic pollutants with certain concentration when irradiated by visible light, but also has broad-spectrum and efficient bactericidal activity for various bacteria.

The invention relates to a graphene-based porous macroscopic carbon material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of porous macroscopic carbon materials. The material comprises graphene and carbon from polyvinyl alcohol and has large specific surface area. The preparation method comprises the following processes of: mixing a graphene oxide water solution and a polyvinyl alcohol solution, and placing the uniformly mixed solution into a hydro-thermal reaction kettle to obtain a graphene-based hydrogel; freezing and drying the hydrogel to obtain a graphene-based aerosol; and carrying out thermal treatment on the aerosol under the protection of an argon gas atmosphere to obtain the graphene-based porous macroscopic carbon material. The invention has the following advantages of simple preparation process and wide raw material source scope; and the prepared porous macroscopic carbon material has the following advantages of well-developed pore structure, extra-large specific surface area, favorable structural stability and wide application range.

A power control structure aims for an electric power tool which gets an input power from an electric power source and converts the input power to a driving power to drive an electric motor. The electric power tool further includes a manual control means, a magnetic control element and a power modulation circuit. The manual control means includes a trigger portion movable by depressing of a user and a magnetic element movable with the trigger portion. The magnetic control element outputs an output control signal in proportion to alterations of a magnetic field caused by movements of the magnetic element. The power modulation circuit gets the input power and modulates to the driving power controlled by the output control signal to drive the electric motor. Thus by depressing the trigger portion, output power of the electric motor can be controlled to provide precise control of rotational speed and torque alterations.

The invention relates to cesium tungsten bronze powder and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps that: 1, precursor solution with tungstic acid, cesium carbonate and reducing substances is prepared according to a Cs / W mole ratio of 0.01 to 0.35 / 1, and the solvents are water or a mixture formed by ethanol and the water according to a volume ratio of 1 / 4 to 4 / 1; and 2, the precursor solution takes reaction for 1 to 3d under the condition of 180 to 200 DEG C in an autoclave, and the cesium tungsten bronze powder is obtained after the obtained precipitates are treated. The powder has the crystalline phase composition of Cs0.2WO3 or Cs0.32WO3, the size of the powder particle is 100 to 1300nm, and the specific surface area is 7 to 50m<2> / g. The synthetic process has the advantages that raw materials are cheap and mild, the operation is easy, the production cost can be reduced, in addition, the low-temperature (lower than or equal to 20 DEG C) synthesis is adopted, and the process is suitable for production and practical application. In addition, the product purposes are wide.

The invention discloses a method for preparing low-voltage high-flux charged nano-filtration membrane by dynamic self-assembly, which is characterized in that polymer ultra-filtration membrane is taken as a basic film; polycation electrolyte and polyanion electrolyte are alternatively and dynamically self-assembled on the surface of the basic film to gain a selective separation layer and to prepare the nano-filtration membrane of charged surface; wherein, the used ultra-filtration membrane molecular weight cutoff is less than 0.1 million; the ultra-filtration membrane material is surface-charged or modified-charged polymer. Nano-filtration membrane preparation by polyelectrolyte dynamic self-assembly has high efficiency, simple and convenient method and controllable assembly process and film structure; pure water solution is used in the whole preparation process, which is green and environmental protective; the applicable polyelectrolyte has a plurality of types; the separation films with different performances can be obtained by adjusting the types of the polyelectrolyte and the assembly conditions. Furthermore, the prepared nano-filtration membrane has low operation pressure, high removal rate on high valence inorganic salts and far greater flux than the current commercial nano-filtration membrane and the nano-filtration membrane preparation method has good application prospect.

The invention relates to a preparation method for a hyperbranched epoxy resin. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a hyperbranched polymer with a functional end group; (2) carrying out the reaction of the hyperbranched polymer and chloroepoxy propane under the action of a ring opening catalyst to obtain an addition product; and (3) carrying out the ring closing reaction of the obtained addition product in an organic solvent and under the reaction of a basic catalyst to generate the hyperbranched epoxy resin, wherein the hyperbranched polymer is prepared under the action of the catalyst through the reaction of a first monomer and a second. Polybasic amine, polyol or the mixture thereof is taken as the first monomer; polyatomic acid, anhydride or the mixture thereof is taken as the second monomer; the dosage mol ratio of the first monomer to the second monomer is 1:0.3 to 2.5; and the first monomer at least comprises a heat resistant six-membered compound which is more than or equal to 1 percent of the total mol number of the first monomer. The prepared hyperbranched epoxy resin has low viscosity, high heat resistance, and the reinforcing and plasticizing functions for a common epoxy resin. The hyperbranched epoxy resin can be widely applied to the fields of electronic packaging, functional adhesives, and the like.

The invention discloses a metal nanodot array surface enhancing Raman active base and a preparation method thereof. The base takes silicon single crystals as the substrate, and metal nano particles forming an array structure are deposited on the surface of silicon; and further, the particle sizes of the metal nano particles range from 16 to 85nm, and the center distances of the particles range from 99 to 111nm. The metal nanodot array surface enhancing Raman active base provided by the invention is uniform in morphology, is controllable in structure, has a remarkable surface Raman enhancing effect on analytes of different concentration, and has a uniform and stable enhancing signal. Through the method provided by the invention, structural parameters and morphology of the metal nanodot array can be adjusted according to structural parameter of an ultrathin aluminum oxide template, and different influences on the Raman surface enhancing effect by different metal nanodot array bases can be realized; and further, the base and method have the advantages of simplicity for operation, low cost and easiness for industrial production.

An LED (light-emitting diode) light source upper beam and lower beam integrated automobile lamp module is characterized in that an upper beam LED circuit board (5) and a lower beam LED circuit board (8) are arranged behind a condenser 1 respectively, and a reflection mirror comprises a first grade reflection mirror (10) and a second grade reflection mirror (9), which are used for forming a lower beam light shape. The first grade reflection mirror (10) can form the spreading width of the lower beam light shape independently, the second grade reflection mirror (9) increases the number of ray of light forming the lower beam light shape, and part of reflected light is used for forming a III region of the lower beam light shape. The ray of light emitted from an LED light source on the lower beam LED circuit board (8) is reflected by the first grade reflection mirror and the second grade reflection mirror, most ray of light therein is emitted after refracted by a lens (4) and forms a spreading width (5-1) of the lower beam light shape on a screen, the other part of ray of light is emitted from the lens (4) after reflected and refracted by the condenser to form a stop line (5-2) of the lower beam light shape and the III region (5-3). According to the invention, a square aluminizing surface does not need to be made on a radiator or other parts, the parts are simple to machine, and the cost is lower; the volume of the automobile lamp module is smaller, and the switching between the upper beam and lower beam has no noise.

The invention discloses a frequency conversion driving control system and method based on an electrolysis-free capacitive inverter. The method comprises the following steps: detecting system input voltage current, bus voltage, motor phase current and rotating speed; carrying out Clark and Park conversion on three-phase current to obtain d and q axis current; carrying out error adjustment on a given rotating speed and an actual rotating speed; calculating q axis given current according to input voltage current, speed ring output and capacitance; calculating d axis given current according to voltage; calculating d and q axis error current and carrying out PI adjustment to obtain d and q axis actual voltage; limiting amplitude of actual voltage to obtain d and q axis calculated voltage; carrying out error adjustment on the actual voltage and the calculated voltage and taking the result as current ring feedback; carrying out Park inverse conversion on the d and q axis calculated voltage to obtain alpha and beta axis voltage; and modulating the inverter to control a motor. By the frequency conversion driving control system and method based on the electrolysis-free capacitive inverter, the motor can run at high speed in a flux weakening region, a network side high power factor is obtained, a control structure is simplified, and the reliability of the system is improved.

The invention provides a three-dimensional oil-water separating material based on the static spinning technology and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of water treatment. The method specifically comprises the following steps: (a) preparing a static spinning solution; (b) selecting a proper solvent to directly receive static spinning nano fibers to obtain a nano fiber solution; (c) shaping and freezing the nano fiber solution, and drying through a freezing drying machine to obtain the three-dimensional nano fibers; (d) pre-oxidizing, carbonizing and activating the three-dimensional nano fibers to obtain three-dimensional carbon nano fibers; (e) wrapping the three-dimensional carbon nano fiber glue with lipophilic and hydrophobic films so as to obtain the final three-dimensional oil-water separating material. According to the preparation method of the three-dimensional oil-water separating material, the composition and structure of the material are easily controlled; the mechanical performance and hydrophobic performance of the materials can be effectively improved; the oil-water separating effect is good; the material can be recycled and has a wide application prospect in the oil-water separation field.

The present invention provides a method for efficiently preparing graphene-like carbon nitride. The method is characterized by comprising: using a nitrogen-rich organic matter as a raw material, adding a microwave absorbing agent, mixing, placing into a ceramic crucible, placing the crucible into the center of an industrial high-energy resonant cavity, vacuumizing, and carrying out high-energy microwave irradiation heating so as to rapidly and efficiently prepare the graphene-like carbon nitride. According to the present invention, the obtained graphene-like carbon nitride has characteristics of high specific surface area, high yield and high purity, and can be used in the fields of degradation of organic matters, hydrogen production through photolysis of water, catalyst carriers, biomedical sensors, and the like.

The invention relates to a method for preparing an antibacterial nanofiltration membrane, in particular to a method for preparing an antibacterial nanofiltration membrane by adopting a complex containing silver polyelectrolyte and utilizing a layer upon layer electrostatic self-assembly technique, which pertains to the technical field of filtration and separation. The preparation method of the antibacterial nanofiltration membrane is characterized in that: the antibacterial silver containing nanofiltration membrane is prepared first by alternate deposition of a silver containing polycation solution on the surface of a basement membrane and then by in situ reduction of a reducing agent; the preparation process comprises the steps of: (1) the preprocessing of the polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane of the basement membrane; (2) the generation of the primary lamella of polyelectrolyte on the surface of the basement membrane; (3) the preparation of an antibacterial superfine separation layer. The fine membrane is immersed into the silver containing polycation solution, namely the poly allylamine hydrochloride-silver chloride solution, for 5 to 30 minutes for several times and then immersed into a reducing agent NaBH4 solution for 2 to 24 hours and at last the antibacterial nanofiltration membrane is obtained. The nanofiltration membrane has restraining and sterilizing bacteria functions towards microorganism in water and the antibacterial rate reaches more than 99.5 percent.

The present invention relates to a non-noble metal oxide combustion catalyst and a preparation method and use thereof, and belongs to the technical field of energy utilization and environment protection. The catalyst is iron oxide, cobaltosic oxide, nickel oxide, cupric oxide, vanadium oxide, chrome oxide, manganese dioxide or cerium dioxide prepared according to the following steps: (1) using hydrothermal chemical synthesis to form a precursor of a catalyst; and (b) washing, filtering, shaping, drying and calcinating the obtained precursor of the catalyst, and finally forming a combustion catalyst or coating the precursor of the catalyst on a carrier to form a combustion catalyst. The catalyst prepared by the method can be used in catalytic combustion of methane and other VOC gas, and has the advantages that the synthesis process is simple, the cost is low, the catalytic activity and hydrothermal stability is high, and the light-off temperature and complete combustion temperature of methane are low.

The invention discloses a transparent flexible surface enhanced Raman active substrate and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the substrate comprises the following steps: taking a transparent flexible material such as polybutylene terephthalate (PET) plastics as a substrate, performing O2 plasma etching to form a nano wire array, loading gold, silver and other precious metal nanoparticles on the nano wire surface by virtue of a coating technology, and forming a three-dimensional nanometer structure array. The transparent flexible surface enhanced Raman active substrate provided by the invention is uniform in morphology and controllable in structure and has high-density electromagnetic hot spots in three-dimensional distribution. Therefore, the substrate has high sensitivity and reproducibility. The PET plastic film is high in flexibility and high in transparency, and incident laser and Raman scattered light easily penetrate through the substrate at low loss, so that the substrate can be used for in-situ detection of to-be-detected objects. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple in process, large-area preparation is easily realized, even roll-to-roll production process is permitted, and the cost is low.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a porous sodium alginate nano-fiber wound dressing material. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a spinning solution by dissolving sodium alginate and a water-soluble polymer as basic raw materials and a thermal decomposition foaming agent as a porogenic agent in water according to a certain mass ratio, preparing sodium alginate composite nano-fiber by adopting an electrostatic spinning technology, then performing thermal treatment on the nano-fiber at a certain temperature to decompose the foaming agent, and forming holes in and on the surface of the fiber to obtain a porous sodium alginate nano-fiber membrane; and performing chemical crosslinking on the porous sodium alginate nano-fiber membrane in an ethanol solution of CaCl2 to obtain porous sodium alginate nano-fiber wound dressing. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simple preparation process, controllable process conditions and easiness in control of material structure and performance; and the material prepared by the method disclosed by the invention has high specific surface area and porosity, and excellent water absorption and water holding performance, and can be used as the medical wound dressing.

The invention provides a carbon nano fiber aerogel electrostatic spinning construction method, and belongs to the technical field of nano materials. The carbon nano fiber aerogel electrostatic spinning construction method particularly comprises the following steps: (a) preparing an electrostatic spinning solution; (b) selecting a proper solvent and directly receiving electrostatic spinning nano fibers so as to obtain a nano fiber solution; (c) sizing the nano fiber solution, refrigerating, putting into a freeze dryer and drying so as to obtain nano fiber aerogel; and (d) pre-oxidizing, carbonizing and activating so as to obtain the carbon nano fiber aerogel. The carbon nano fiber aerogel electrostatic spinning construction method not only is simple and feasible, is good in repeatability, but also the prepared carbon nano fiber aerogel is easy to control in formation and structure; the composite carbon nano fiber aerogel with diversified structures can be constructed so as to meet different requirements in practical application.

The invention provides a novel three-dimensional anode material for hydrogen production by water electrolysis. The novel three-dimensional anode material comprises nickel foam loaded N-doped carbon / transition metal oxide prepared in situ according to a liquid-solid synthesis method as well as a three-dimensional anode piece used for hydrogen production through water electrolysis. A preparation method of the three-dimensional anode material particularly comprises the following steps: (1) immersing clean nickel foam into a mixed solution, containing transition metal salt, a silicon source and a nitrogen source, of water and ethanol, taking out the nickel foam for airing, and repeating for three times; (2) calcining the nickel foam piece obtained in the step (1) for 1-6 h at 600-800 DEG C under the protection of inert gas, and then heating for 1-1.5 h at 200-250 DEG C in the atmosphere of O2, so as to obtain a nickel foam loaded N-doped carbon / transition metal oxide three-dimensional electrode. The three-dimensional electrode produced according to the preparation method has relatively low oxygen evolution overvoltage, has relatively high structural stability and oxygen evolution catalytic activity under long-term alkaline electrolysis condition, is simple in production process and adjustable in electrode component and variety, and has wide application prospects.

The invention relates to the technical field of the composite material, and discloses a water-soluble nuclear-shell magneto-optic dual-function nanoparticle. In the structure of the water-soluble nuclear-shell magneto-optic dual-function nanoparticle, magnetic CoFe2O4 is used as a core, amorphous SiO2 is used as a shell, the surface of the shell is connected with an organic light-emitting material dansyl chloride, and the particle size is 25-50nm. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a monodisperse magnetic cobalt ferrite nanoparticle through thermal decomposition, coating silica on the surface of the nanoparticle, carrying out modification of amino on the surface of the silica, and connecting an organic light-emitting material through the amino on the peripheryof the magnetic nanoparticle. The nanoparticle of the invention has a nuclear-shell structure and a uniform particle size, and can be well dispersed in water. Moreover, the nanoparticle of the invention has good water solubility, good magnetic properties, light-emitting effect and good biocompatibility.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a copper-indium-selenium optoelectronic thin film material of a solar cell and belongs to the technical field of the preparation of optoelectronic thin films for solar cells. The method prepares the copper-indium-selenium optoelectronic thin film material of the solar cell by the following steps: firstly, cleaning a glass substrate; secondly, placing CuCl2.2H2O, InCl3.4H2O and SeO2 into a solvent; thirdly, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 7.5; fourthly, obtaining a precursor thin film by drying; fifthly, placing the precursor thin film sample into a closed reactor containing hydrazine hydrate and preventing the precursor thin film sample from contacting the hydrazine; and finally, obtaining a copper-indium-selenium optoelectronic thin film by drying. The method does not require high temperature and high vacuum conditions, has low requirements on instruments and is low in product cost, high in production efficiency and easy to operate. The obtained copper-indium-selenium optoelectronic thin film has excellent continuity and uniformity, and the main phase of the obtained copper-indium-selenium optoelectronic thin film is a CuInSe2 phase. The process allows for easily control of the components and structure of a target product and provides low cost and large-scale industrial production of high-performance copper-indium-selenium optoelectronic thin films.

The invention belongs to the field of preparation of nano porous metal materials, and relates to a method for preparing nano porous silver based on an Ag-based amorphous alloy. By the method, the nano porous silver with the aperture of 20-100 nm is finally obtained by preparing a series of Ag-Mg-Ca amorphous alloy thin bands by taking the Ag-based amorphous alloy as a precursor by a solvent quick quenching method and then removing Mg and Ca elements by performing electric chemical alloy component corrosion removal by proper electrolyte. By the method, the structure and the size of the nano porous silver are adjusted and controlled by controlling the amorphous alloy components or electric chemical corrosion temperature; the operation technology is simple; and furthermore, the nano porous silver is extremely high in surface-enhancement raman scattering (SERS) performance and has a wide application prospect in the fields of environment friendliness, catalysis and biological sensors.

The invention discloses a high temperature anti-oxidation coating molybdenum material and a preparation method thereof. The surface of a product is provided with a Mo-N-Si-B anti-oxidation coating which is synthesized by adopting a three-step in situ synthesis method. Compared with the prior art, the product has good high temperature anti-oxidation performance and is good in material compactness, and hot matching performance between the coating and a base body is good. The preparation method does not need expensive devices such as plasma spraying, chemical vapor deposition or infiltration, avoids a complex process of a slurry method and is simple in preparation process, low in production cost and easy in controlling of coating structures and phase states.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a hollow silicon dioxide nanomaterial. According to the preparation method, with carbon nanospheres as a hard template, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as a silicon source, water as a solvent and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as a structure-directing agent, the hollow SiO2 nanomaterial which is even in appearance and folded in surface can be formed after residual organic matters such as carbon spheres and CTAB are removed by use of subsequent heat treatment. A TEM picture indicates that the SiO2 nanomaterial prepared by use of the method has a hollow structure and is about 20 nanometers in wall thickness and about 200 nanometers in grain size. The hollow SiO2 nanomaterial prepared by use of the method has potential application prospect in the fields such as biomedicine.

The invention discloses a method for preparing magnetic composite nanoparticles with a core-shell structure. In the method, electrostatic self-assembly and seeded emulsion polymerization are combined, wherein the electrostatic self-assembly is used to synthesize particles with the core-shell structure first and then emulsion polymerization is performed by using the particles with the core-shell structure seeds and using an initiator to prepare the magnetic composite nanoparticles with the sandwich core-shell structure which has three or more layers. The magnetic composite particles prepared by the method have a multi-layer sandwich core-shell structure, wherein in the structure, the core is a polymer microsphere, a Fe3O4 magnetic particle layer is in the middle, and different polymer layers are covered outside. The prepared particles have stable structures, strong and uniformly-distributed magnetism, smooth surfaces, controllable sizes, high stability and low cost, the thicknesses of the covering layers of the prepared particles can be controlled by nanoscale, and the adaptability of the prepared particles is high. Particles with specific surface groups can be prepared according to requirements and can be used in fields of biochemical separation, targeting preparation, immobilized enzyme, immunoassay, catalysis study and the like.

The invention discloses a method for preparing carbon quantum dots by using a conjugated polymer, which is characterized in that an aqueous solution with 0-1M of acid or alkali possessing the mass of 0.01-1000 times of conjugated polymer is added in the conjugated polymer, and uniformly mixing to obtain a reaction liquid; the uniformly mixed reaction liquid is placed in a reactor, reacted for 1-24 hours under the temperature of 100-500 DEG C; cooled to the room temperature after the reaction, the reaction liquid is collected, separated and purified to obtain the carbon quantum dots. The carbon quantum dots have the advantage of low cost, realization of macro quantity preparation, good water solubility and no toxicity, and are an inorganic nonmetal nano material having great application prospect in the fields of biological labeling, fluorescent sensing, cancer treating by photothermy.

The invention provides a preparation method of a high-water-absorption sodium alginate composite nanofiber wound dressing. According to the method, sodium alginate, a water-soluble polymer and a cross-linking agent are dissolved into a mixture of water and ethyl alcohol to prepare a spinning solution; sodium alginate composite nanofibers are prepared through an electrospinning technique, and then a cross-linking reaction is generated through heating to obtain the high-water-absorption sodium alginate composite nanofiber wound dressing. The method comprises the steps of 1 preparation of the spinning solution, 2 preparation of the nanofibers through electrospinning and 3 preparation of high-water-absorption sodium alginate composite nanofibers through cross-linking treatment on the nanofibers. According to the preparation method, the high-water-absorption sodium alginate composite nanofiber wound dressing is prepared through a special process, the defects that an existing alginic acid fiber medical dressing is fragile and poor in air permeating and moisture absorbing effect are overcome, the multifunctional wound dressing can be provided for multiple skin wounds and different repairing stages, and the effects of sterilizing, bleeding stopping, pain relieving, infection reducing, wound healing promoting and the like are achieved.

The invention belongs to the preparation field of graphene and a composite material of the graphene, and particularly discloses a method for preparing a graphene / metal composite material and three-dimensional graphene. The method for preparing the graphene / metal composite material includes the following steps that a chemical vapor deposition method is adopted for growing the graphene on the surfaces of metal particles; and the metal particles with the graphene being grown on the surfaces are molded to be of a three-dimensional entity structure, and accordingly the graphene / metal composite material is prepared. The method for preparing the three-dimensional graphene includes the specific steps that metal components in the prepared graphene / metal composite material are removed through corrosion with corrosive liquid, and accordingly the three-dimensional graphene can be prepared. By adoption of the method, a graphene / metal composite material product and a three-dimensional graphene material with excellent performance can be prepared; and the method has the advantages of being easy and convenient to operate, short in preparation period, wide in applied range and the like.

The invention discloses a fiber with multiple core-shell structures. The fiber is provided with the multiple core-shell structures. The diameter of the fiber is 10 microns to 1*106 microns, and the length of the fiber is more than one 1 micron. The cross section of the fiber is in a circular shape or a hollow ring shape. The invention further provides a preparation method of the fiber. With the structure, the fiber with the multiple core-shell structures is controllable in morphology and structure, and the preparation method is convenient and fast to operate, and designability and piratical applicability of the fiber are strong. Packaging miscellaneous nano particles, medicines or living cells can be achieved. The fiber with the multiple core-shell structures can be applied in the fields of cell cultivation, medicine sustained release, tissue engineering and the like.

The invention belongs to the high molecular synthetic material field. The invention relates the double-end phthalonitrile, resin, condensate, which are made by phthalonitrile, and preparing method. The invention uses 4-nitro-o-phthalonitrile and dihydric phenol as reaction integral to get double-end phthalonitrile. The double-end phthalonitrile and diamine are used to react in aromatic amine solution at 140-200Deg.C to get phthalonitrile resin which possesses phthalocyanine ring structure. The resin is cured at 220-280Deg.C, then carried out heat treatment at 320-370Deg.C to get phthalocyanine condensate which possesses high heat stability. The invention has the advantages of good heat stability and fire-retardancy.