A quantitative analysis method for snowmelt runoff based on a distributed hydrological model

Abstract

This application relates to a method for quantitative analysis of snowmelt runoff based on a distributed hydrological model. The method includes: determining the snowmelt volume of each hydrological structure along each target snowmelt movement path at the current time, based on a preset distributed hydrological model, a preset hydrological cycle process, and target snowmelt movement paths corresponding to each hydrological structure in a sub-basin; determining the snowmelt migration amount along each target snowmelt movement path at the current time step based on the snowmelt volume, wherein the snowmelt migration amount includes at least the snowmelt runoff generation; and determining the total snowmelt runoff of each hydrological structure at the current time step based on the snowmelt runoff generation corresponding to each target snowmelt movement path. This method can improve the accuracy of snowmelt runoff analysis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of hydrological simulation technology, and in particular to a quantitative analysis method for snowmelt runoff based on a distributed hydrological model. Background Technology

[0002] Snowmelt is a significant source of runoff in the upper reaches of rivers. Under the influence of sustained warming, more snowfall in high-altitude basins will be converted into rainfall, altering the timing of snow accumulation and melting. Snow cover, acting as a buffer between precipitation input and runoff output, can reduce interannual variability in runoff. With decreasing snow cover, the interannual and seasonal variability of runoff in basins heavily reliant on snowmelt increases, reducing the predictability of droughts. In basins dominated by snowmelt runoff, the shift from snowfall to rainfall and the earlier spring warming will lead to earlier snowmelt and earlier spring floods. Some basins that were previously dominated by snowmelt runoff are gradually shifting to precipitation-driven runoff. These changes in snowmelt runoff present new challenges to water resource assessment and utilization in these basins.

[0003] Quantitative analysis of snowmelt runoff involves a complex process: snowmelt entering river channels after being released from snow accumulation undergoes infiltration, evaporation, root absorption by vegetation, and lateral runoff. Some meltwater flows as surface runoff, while others infiltrate and flow as interbedded water or groundwater. Current techniques using parametric methods or proportional estimation to analyze the contribution of snowmelt runoff have limitations and offer relatively low accuracy in describing snowmelt runoff. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a quantitative analysis method for snowmelt runoff based on a distributed hydrological model that can improve the accuracy of snowmelt runoff analysis, addressing the aforementioned technical problems.

[0005] Firstly, this application provides a method for quantitative analysis of snowmelt runoff based on a distributed hydrological model, including:

[0006] Based on the preset distributed hydrological model, the preset hydrological cycle process, and the target snowmelt movement paths corresponding to each hydrological structure of each sub-basin, the snowmelt water volume of each hydrological structure of each target snowmelt movement path at the current moment is determined.

[0007] Based on the snowmelt water volume, the snowmelt migration amount of each of the target snowmelt movement paths is determined at the current time step, and the snowmelt migration amount includes at least the snowmelt runoff volume;

[0008] Based on the snowmelt runoff corresponding to each of the target snowmelt movement paths, the total snowmelt runoff of each of the hydrological structures at the current time step is determined.

[0009] In one embodiment, determining the snowmelt volume at the current moment for each hydrological structure along each target snowmelt movement path, based on a preset distributed hydrological model, a preset hydrological cycle process, and the target snowmelt movement paths corresponding to each hydrological structure of each sub-basin, includes:

[0010] Based on the snowmelt volume of each hydrological structure in the sub-basin at the previous time step and the snowmelt parameters of the target snowmelt movement path corresponding to each hydrological structure at the current time step, the snowmelt volume of each hydrological structure at the current time step is determined. The snowmelt parameters include snowmelt contribution and / or snowmelt migration.

[0011] In one embodiment, determining the snowmelt volume of each hydrological structure at the current time step based on the snowmelt volume of each hydrological structure in the sub-basin at the previous time step, and the snowmelt contribution and snowmelt migration of the target snowmelt movement path corresponding to each hydrological structure at the current time step, includes:

[0012] For each target snowmelt movement path, the sum of the snowmelt volume of the hydrological structure at the previous time step and the snowmelt contribution of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step is determined, and the difference between the sum and the snowmelt migration amount of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step is determined as the snowmelt volume of the hydrological structure at the current time step; and / or,

[0013] The sum of the snowmelt volume of the hydrological structure at the previous time step and the snowmelt contribution of the target snowmelt path at the current time step is determined as the snowmelt volume of the hydrological structure at the current time step; and / or,

[0014] The difference between the snowmelt volume of the hydrological structure at the previous time step and the snowmelt migration amount of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step is determined as the snowmelt volume of the hydrological structure at the current time step.

[0015] In one embodiment, the hydrological structure of each sub-basin includes at least a canopy structure, a surface structure, and a multi-layered soil structure, with each layer of the soil structure including at least soil water and / or soil ice; the target snowmelt movement path includes one or more of the following: a first snowmelt movement path of the canopy structure, a second snowmelt movement path of the surface structure, a third snowmelt movement path of the soil water in each layer of the soil structure, and a fourth snowmelt movement path of the soil ice.

[0016] In one embodiment, for the first snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt contribution is the snowmelt water volume of the canopy structure, and the snowmelt migration includes the canopy snowmelt evaporation volume of the canopy structure and the surface water volume converted from snowmelt in the canopy structure;

[0017] For the second snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt contribution includes the snowmelt water volume of the surface snow in the surface structure and the surface water volume converted from snowmelt in the canopy structure, and the snowmelt migration volume includes surface snowmelt evaporation, surface snowmelt infiltration, and surface snowmelt runoff.

[0018] For the i-th third snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt water volume is the snowmelt water volume of the soil water in the i-th soil structure. The snowmelt contribution includes the snowmelt exchange between the soil water in the i-th and (i-1)-th soil structures and the melting of frozen snowmelt in the i-th soil structure. The snowmelt migration includes the snowmelt exchange between the soil water in the i-th and (i+1)-th soil structures, the snowmelt evaporation of the soil water in the i-th soil structure, the snowmelt refreezing in the soil water in the i-th soil structure, and the snowmelt production flow of the soil water in the i-th soil structure. Wherein, 0 < i ≤ N, i is the number of layers in the multi-layered soil structure, and i is a positive integer.

[0019] For the i-th fourth snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt water volume is the snowmelt water volume frozen in the soil ice of the i-th soil structure, the snowmelt contribution includes the snowmelt refreezing amount in the soil water of the i-th soil structure, and the snowmelt migration amount includes the melting amount of the frozen snowmelt in the soil ice of the i-th soil structure.

[0020] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0021] Based on external environmental data, determine the proportion of snowfall in precipitation at each time step;

[0022] Based on the snowfall percentage, the preset mass balance equation, and the preset energy balance equation, the snow layer temperature and meltwater flux of the surface structure are determined; the meltwater flux is the outflow of meltwater from the snow layer of the surface structure to the surface.

[0023] Based on the snow layer temperature and the meltwater flux, the amount of meltwater from the surface snow is determined at each time step.

[0024] In one embodiment, determining the snowmelt migration amount at the current time step of each of the target snowmelt movement paths based on the snowmelt water volume includes:

[0025] Determine the ratio of the snowmelt water volume of each snowmelt movement path at the current time step to the water content of the corresponding hydrological structure, and determine the ratio as the snowmelt proportion of each hydrological structure;

[0026] The amount of water migration for each of the hydrological structures is determined, and the target snowmelt migration amount corresponding to each target snowmelt movement path at the current time step is determined based on the product of the amount of water migration and the snowmelt ratio corresponding to the hydrological structure.

[0027] In one embodiment, when the water content in the soil water of the soil structure meets the saturation condition, the soil structure is an aquifer. The water migration amount includes at least the runoff yield of each hydrological structure layer. The runoff yield includes at least the surface yield of the surface structure, the soil yield of the soil water in each soil structure layer, and the groundwater yield of each aquifer. The target snowmelt migration amount includes at least the surface snowmelt yield, the soil snowmelt yield, and the groundwater snowmelt yield. Determining the target snowmelt migration amount corresponding to each target snowmelt movement path at the current time step based on the product of the water migration amount and the snowmelt proportion corresponding to the hydrological structure includes:

[0028] The product of the surface runoff and the proportion of snowmelt in the total water storage of the surface structure is determined as the surface snowmelt runoff corresponding to the second snowmelt movement path at the current time step;

[0029] The product of the soil yield and the proportion of snowmelt in the soil water of the i-th soil layer is determined as the soil snowmelt yield corresponding to the i-th third snowmelt movement path at the current time step.

[0030] The product of the groundwater production rate and the snowmelt ratio of the underground aquifer is determined as the groundwater snowmelt production rate of the underground aquifer corresponding to the current time step.

[0031] Secondly, this application also provides a quantitative analysis device for frozen soil meltwater runoff based on a distributed hydrological model, comprising:

[0032] The first determining module is used to determine the snowmelt water volume of each hydrological structure of each target snowmelt movement path at the current moment, based on the preset distributed hydrological model, the preset hydrological cycle process, and the target snowmelt movement path corresponding to each hydrological structure of each sub-basin.

[0033] The second determining module is used to determine the snowmelt migration amount of each of the target snowmelt movement paths at the current time step based on the snowmelt water volume, wherein the snowmelt migration amount includes at least the snowmelt runoff volume.

[0034] The third determining module is used to determine the total snowmelt runoff of each of the hydrological structures at the current time step based on the snowmelt runoff production corresponding to each of the target snowmelt movement paths.

[0035] Thirdly, this application also provides a computer device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to perform the following steps:

[0036] Based on the preset distributed hydrological model, the preset hydrological cycle process, and the target snowmelt movement paths corresponding to each hydrological structure of each sub-basin, the snowmelt water volume of each hydrological structure of each target snowmelt movement path at the current moment is determined.

[0037] Based on the snowmelt water volume, the snowmelt migration amount of each of the target snowmelt movement paths is determined at the current time step, and the snowmelt migration amount includes at least the snowmelt runoff volume;

[0038] Based on the snowmelt runoff corresponding to each of the target snowmelt movement paths, the total snowmelt runoff of each of the hydrological structures at the current time step is determined.

[0039] Fourthly, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, performs the following steps:

[0040] Based on the preset distributed hydrological model, the preset hydrological cycle process, and the target snowmelt movement paths corresponding to each hydrological structure of each sub-basin, the snowmelt water volume of each hydrological structure of each target snowmelt movement path at the current moment is determined.

[0041] Based on the snowmelt water volume, the snowmelt migration amount of each of the target snowmelt movement paths is determined at the current time step, and the snowmelt migration amount includes at least the snowmelt runoff volume;

[0042] Based on the snowmelt runoff corresponding to each of the target snowmelt movement paths, the total snowmelt runoff of each of the hydrological structures at the current time step is determined.

[0043] Fifthly, this application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, performs the following steps:

[0044] Based on the preset distributed hydrological model, the preset hydrological cycle process, and the target snowmelt movement paths corresponding to each hydrological structure of each sub-basin, the snowmelt water volume of each hydrological structure of each target snowmelt movement path at the current moment is determined.

[0045] Based on the snowmelt water volume, the snowmelt migration amount of each of the target snowmelt movement paths is determined at the current time step, and the snowmelt migration amount includes at least the snowmelt runoff volume;

[0046] Based on the snowmelt runoff corresponding to each of the target snowmelt movement paths, the total snowmelt runoff of each of the hydrological structures at the current time step is determined.

[0047] The aforementioned quantitative analysis method for snowmelt runoff based on a distributed hydrological model analyzes the current time step. By pre-setting the distributed hydrological model, the hydrological cycle process, and the target snowmelt movement paths corresponding to each hydrological structure in the sub-region, it determines the snowmelt water volume corresponding to the target snowmelt movement path. This enables the analysis of the hydrological cycle process of each hydrological structure, dynamically updates the content of snowmelt water in the hydrological structure, and tracks the snowmelt water volume in each hydrological component. Based on the snowmelt water volume, it determines the snowmelt migration amount of each target snowmelt movement path, and the amount of snowmelt migration... The snowmelt runoff generation method determines the total snowmelt runoff. Based on the simulation of snowfall and snow accumulation processes, soil water movement, and runoff generation and confluence processes, it tracks the transfer and movement of melted snow water and establishes a snowmelt runoff calculation and analysis method that considers different runoff generation forms. It realizes the calculation and quantitative analysis of snowmelt runoff contribution based on hydrological cycle processes, quantifies the total snowmelt runoff at the watershed outlet and its contribution ratio to the total runoff, improves the accuracy of snowmelt runoff analysis, and can provide a reliable reference for the quantitative analysis of the contribution of snowmelt water to runoff in high-altitude cold watersheds under climate change conditions and for the assessment of watershed snow water resources. Attached Figure Description

[0048] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this application or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0049] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for quantitative analysis of snowmelt runoff based on a distributed hydrological model in one embodiment.

[0050] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the migratory path of snowmelt in one embodiment;

[0051] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for quantitative analysis of snowmelt runoff based on a distributed hydrological model in one embodiment.

[0052] Figure 4 This is a structural block diagram of a quantitative analysis device for frozen soil meltwater runoff based on a distributed hydrological model in one embodiment.

[0053] Figure 5 This is an internal structural diagram of a computer device in one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0054] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0055] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, a quantitative analysis method for snowmelt runoff based on a distributed hydrological model is provided. This embodiment illustrates the application of this method to a terminal. It is understood that this method can also be applied to a server, or to a system including both a terminal and a server, and implemented through interaction between the terminal and the server. In this embodiment, the method includes the following steps:

[0056] Step 101: Based on the preset distributed hydrological model, preset hydrological cycle process, and the target snowmelt movement paths corresponding to each layer of hydrological structure in the sub-basin, determine the snowmelt water volume of each hydrological structure of each target snowmelt movement path at the current moment.

[0057] The time step refers to the smallest unit of time simulated by the pre-defined distributed hydrological model. The current time step represents a specific moment or period. Within each time step, the terminal calculates the total snowmelt runoff based on the pre-defined distributed hydrological model and the hydrological cycle process. It should be understood that the start and end points of each time step are moments; the end point is the current moment, and the start point is the previous moment. The time step between the previous moment and the current moment can be determined as the current time step. The pre-defined distributed hydrological model divides the watershed into multiple sub-watersheds and calculates the hydrological process for each sub-watershed separately. This pre-configured distributed hydrological model includes basic information, soil parameters, land use data, and model meteorological regional data for each sub-watershed. Basic information may include at least the watershed's slope, aspect, and channel parameters. Model meteorological regional data may include precipitation, temperature, longwave and shortwave radiation, wind speed, relative humidity, etc. The pre-defined distributed hydrological model is used to couple snowfall, snow accumulation, and snowmelt processes. The pre-defined hydrological cycle process is the physical circulation process of snowfall within various hydrological structures, including snowfall, snow accumulation, melting, evaporation, and other processes. Hydrological structure refers to the vertical or horizontal stratification of a sub-basin. The target snowmelt movement path is the flow path of snowmelt within each hydrological structure layer. Snowmelt volume is the snowmelt content within the water storage of each hydrological structure layer; for example, it is the amount of snowmelt water obtained from snow melting within the water storage of that layer, or the amount of snowmelt water from other layers that infiltrates downwards.

[0058] Optionally, the watershed can be divided into multiple grids in the preset distributed hydrological model, and the hydrological cycle process can be calculated for each grid.

[0059] Specifically, the terminal can construct a preset distributed hydrological model. The terminal can pre-determine the target snowmelt movement path corresponding to each layer of hydrological structure in each sub-basin based on the preset hydrological cycle process, and when calculating the snowmelt water volume of the target snowmelt movement path at each moment, it can determine the snowmelt water volume of the target snowmelt movement path in the corresponding hydrological structure based on the preset distributed hydrological model, the preset hydrological cycle process, and the target snowmelt movement path.

[0060] Optionally, the terminal can acquire the elevation data of the watershed's Digital Elevation Model (DEM), analyze the DEM elevation data using the hydrological analysis function in the Arc Geographic Information System (ArcGIS), obtain the basic information of the watershed, and determine a preset distributed hydrological model based on the watershed's soil parameters, land use data, and basic information. Additionally, the terminal can input model meteorological driving data into the preset distributed hydrological model at each time step.

[0061] Step 102: Based on the snowmelt water volume, determine the snowmelt migration amount of each target snowmelt movement path at the current time step.

[0062] Snowmelt migration includes at least snowmelt runoff. Snowmelt runoff is the contribution of snowmelt in different runoff generation forms, including but not limited to surface runoff, interflow, and groundwater runoff. Snowmelt migration can be obtained based on the contribution of snowmelt to the water storage in the hydrological structure during the hydrological cycle, which includes one or more processes such as melting, evaporation, infiltration, transformation, and runoff generation.

[0063] Specifically, the terminal can determine the total water storage of each hydrological structure in the current time step based on a preset distributed hydrological model, as well as the snowmelt water volume and water storage volume based on each hydrological structure, and determine the snowmelt ratio in the current time step. Based on the preset distributed hydrological model, the terminal determines the water volume of each hydrological structure in the processes of evaporation, infiltration, transformation, and runoff generation in the current time step, and determines the snowmelt migration amount of each target snowmelt movement path based on the water volume and the snowmelt ratio.

[0064] Step 103: Based on the snowmelt runoff generated by each target snowmelt movement path, determine the total snowmelt runoff of each hydrological structure at the current time step.

[0065] Specifically, the terminal can determine the sum of the snowmelt runoff generated by each target snowmelt movement path as the total snowmelt runoff of the multi-layer hydrological structure at the current time step.

[0066] The aforementioned quantitative analysis method for snowmelt runoff, through the pre-set distributed hydrological model, pre-set hydrological cycle process, and target snowmelt movement paths corresponding to each hydrological structure in sub-regions, determines the snowmelt water volume corresponding to the target snowmelt movement path. It enables the analysis of the hydrological cycle process of each hydrological structure, dynamically updates the content of snowmelt water in the hydrological structure, and tracks the snowmelt water volume in each hydrological component. Based on the snowmelt water volume, it determines the snowmelt migration amount of each target snowmelt movement path, and determines the total snowmelt runoff based on the snowmelt runoff generation volume within the snowmelt migration amount. Based on the simulation of snowfall and snow accumulation processes, soil water movement, and runoff generation and confluence processes, it tracks the transfer and movement process of melted snow water, establishing a snowmelt runoff calculation and analysis method considering different runoff generation forms. This achieves the calculation and quantitative analysis of snowmelt runoff contribution based on the hydrological cycle process, quantifies the total snowmelt runoff at the watershed outlet and its contribution ratio to the total runoff, improves the accuracy of snowmelt runoff analysis, and can provide a reliable reference for the quantitative analysis of the contribution of snowmelt water to runoff in high-altitude cold watersheds under climate change conditions and for the assessment of watershed snow water resources.

[0067] In an exemplary embodiment, the specific implementation process of step 101, "determining the snowmelt water volume of each target snowmelt movement path at the current moment based on the preset distributed hydrological model, the preset hydrological cycle process, and the target snowmelt movement paths corresponding to the hydrological structures of each sub-basin," may include:

[0068] Based on the snowmelt volume of each hydrological structure in the sub-basin at the previous time step and the snowmelt parameters of the target snowmelt movement path corresponding to each hydrological structure at the current time step, the snowmelt volume of each hydrological structure at the current time step is determined.

[0069] The snowmelt contribution of this hydrological structure refers to the contribution of snowmelt water to the water storage capacity of the hydrological structure. This contribution value includes the amount of snowmelt water within the water storage capacity of the hydrological structure. The snowmelt contribution may include exchanged water or the amount of meltwater obtained from snowmelt at the current time step. Snowmelt migration refers to the amount of snowmelt water in this hydrological structure that migrates to other hydrological structures through evaporation, infiltration, runoff, etc. Snowmelt parameters include snowmelt contribution and / or snowmelt migration.

[0070] For example, the hydrological structure can be a soil structure, and the water exchange volume can be the snowmelt exchange volume, which refers to the amount of snowmelt water from the upper soil structure that infiltrates into the current soil structure at the current time step, etc., which is only used as an example here.

[0071] Specifically, for each hydrological structure, the terminal can obtain the snowmelt water volume at the previous moment, the snowmelt contribution and snowmelt migration at the current time step, or obtain the snowmelt contribution at the current time step, or obtain the snowmelt migration at the current time step.

[0072] The terminal can determine the current snowmelt volume based on the snowmelt water volume of the previous moment, as well as the snowmelt contribution and snowmelt migration at the current time step.

[0073] The terminal can determine the current snowmelt volume based on the snowmelt volume at the previous time step and the snowmelt contribution at the current time step, thus determining the hydrological structure of each target snowmelt movement path.

[0074] The terminal can determine the current snowmelt volume based on the snowmelt water volume of the previous moment and the snowmelt migration volume at the current time step, thus determining the hydrological structure of each target snowmelt movement path.

[0075] In this embodiment, the snowmelt water volume in the corresponding hydrological structure at the current moment is updated based on the target snowmelt movement path, thereby enabling the tracking of snowmelt water volume in each hydrological component.

[0076] In an exemplary embodiment, the specific implementation process of the step "determining the snowmelt volume of each hydrological structure at the current time step based on the snowmelt volume of each hydrological structure in the previous time step and the snowmelt contribution and snowmelt migration of the target snowmelt movement path corresponding to each hydrological structure at the current time step" can include the following three implementation processes:

[0077] The first implementation process involves determining the sum of the snowmelt volume of the hydrological structure at the previous time step and the snowmelt contribution of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step for each target snowmelt movement path, and determining the difference between the sum and the snowmelt migration amount of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step as the snowmelt volume of the hydrological structure at the current time step.

[0078] The second implementation process involves determining the snowmelt volume of the hydrological structure at the current time as the sum of the snowmelt volume of the hydrological structure at the previous time step and the snowmelt contribution of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step for each target snowmelt movement path.

[0079] The third implementation process involves determining the snowmelt volume of the hydrological structure at the current time as the difference between the snowmelt volume of the hydrological structure at the previous time step and the snowmelt migration amount of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step, for each target snowmelt movement path.

[0080] Among them, the snowmelt contribution takes into account the external environmental data at the current time step, the contribution of snowfall and snowmelt to each hydrological structure, or the contribution of the previous hydrological structure to the current hydrological structure at the current time step through infiltration.

[0081] Specifically, the terminal can determine the snowmelt contribution, snowmelt migration, and snowmelt water volume in the target snowmelt movement path. The target snowmelt movement path includes the snowmelt contribution and snowmelt migration. The terminal can determine the sum of the snowmelt contribution and the snowmelt water volume of the corresponding hydrological structure at the previous time step, and determine the difference between the sum and the snowmelt migration at the previous time step as the snowmelt water volume of the corresponding hydrological structure at the current time step.

[0082] The terminal can determine the snowmelt contribution in the target snowmelt movement path and the snowmelt water volume in the corresponding hydrological structure. The target snowmelt movement path includes the snowmelt contribution. The terminal can determine the sum of the snowmelt contribution and the snowmelt water volume of the corresponding hydrological structure at the previous time, and determine the sum as the snowmelt water volume of the corresponding hydrological structure at the current time.

[0083] The terminal can determine the snowmelt migration amount in the target snowmelt movement path and the snowmelt water volume in the corresponding hydrological structure. The target snowmelt movement path includes the snowmelt migration amount. The terminal can determine the difference between the snowmelt migration amount and the snowmelt water volume of the corresponding hydrological structure at the previous time, and determine the difference as the snowmelt water volume of the corresponding hydrological structure at the current time.

[0084] In this embodiment, by determining the snowmelt water volume at the previous moment, the snowmelt contribution at the current time step, and / or the snowmelt migration volume in the target snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt water volume at the current moment is determined, thus achieving the purpose of dynamically updating the snowmelt water volume in each hydrological structure.

[0085] In an exemplary embodiment, the hydrological structure of each sub-basin includes at least a canopy structure, a surface structure, and a multi-layered soil structure, with each soil layer including at least soil water and / or soil ice; the target snowmelt movement path includes one or more of the following: a first snowmelt movement path of the canopy structure, a second snowmelt movement path of the surface structure, a third snowmelt movement path of the soil water in each soil layer, and a fourth snowmelt movement path of the soil ice.

[0086] Specifically, the terminal determines the target snowmelt movement path for each hydrological structure based on the preset hydrological cycle process after snowmelt enters each hydrological structure. Optionally, after calculating each time step for each sub-basin, the hydrological cycle process of the first snowmelt movement path includes the melting process, evaporation process, and infiltration process. Specifically, the water obtained from the melting of snow in the canopy structure enters the canopy water storage. The snowmelt water in the canopy water storage will enter the atmosphere with the evaporation of the canopy. The part exceeding the maximum water holding capacity of the canopy will penetrate the canopy and enter the surface water storage of the surface structure. The hydrological cycle process of the second snowmelt movement path includes the melting process layer, evaporation process, infiltration process, and runoff process. Specifically, the snowmelt on the surface enters the surface water storage after melting. The snowmelt water in the canopy structure enters the surface water storage. The snowmelt water in the surface water storage will enter the atmosphere with the evaporation of the surface or infiltrate into the soil. The part exceeding the surface water storage capacity will form surface runoff. The hydrological cycle of the third snowmelt movement pathway includes infiltration, evaporation, freeze-thaw, and runoff generation. Specifically, after snowmelt water infiltrates into the soil layer, vertical exchange occurs between soil layers, soil evaporation occurs, soil water freezes into permafrost and the permafrost melts (freeze-thaw process), and intersoil runoff occurs. The hydrological cycle of the fourth snowmelt movement pathway includes freeze-thaw process, specifically the freezing of soil water and the melting of soil ice in each soil layer.

[0087] like Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the migratory paths of snowmelt. Figure 2 It includes canopy structure, surface structure, and soil structure. The soil structure includes unsaturated soil structure and saturated soil structure (groundwater). Figure 2 The diagram shows the coupling of cold-region hydrological processes such as snowfall, snow accumulation, snow melting, infiltration, evapotranspiration, and runoff. The arrows in the diagram indicate the flow direction of the hydrological cycle between various hydrological structures.

[0088] In this embodiment, the hydrological structure is divided into multiple layers for analysis, and the hydrological circulation process between layers is used to track the transfer and movement of melted snow water.

[0089] In an exemplary embodiment, for the first snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt contribution is the snowmelt water volume of the canopy structure, and the snowmelt migration includes the canopy snowmelt evaporation volume of the canopy structure and the surface water volume converted from snowmelt in the canopy structure.

[0090] For the second snowmelt movement pathway, the snowmelt contribution includes the snowmelt water volume of surface snow in the surface structure and the surface water volume converted from snowmelt in the canopy structure. The snowmelt migration includes surface snowmelt evaporation, surface snowmelt infiltration, and surface snowmelt runoff.

[0091] For the i-th third snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt water volume is the snowmelt water volume of the soil water in the i-th soil structure. The snowmelt contribution includes the snowmelt exchange between the soil water in the i-th and (i-1)-th soil structures, the snowmelt exchange between the soil water in the i-th and (i+1)-th soil structures, and the melting of frozen snowmelt in the soil ice in the i-th soil structure. The snowmelt migration includes the snowmelt evaporation of the soil water in the i-th soil structure, the snowmelt refreezing in the soil water in the i-th soil structure, and the snowmelt yield of the soil water in the i-th soil structure. Wherein, 0 < i ≤ N, i is the number of layers in the multi-layered soil structure, and i is a positive integer.

[0092] For the i-th fourth snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt water volume is the snowmelt water volume frozen in the soil ice of the i-th soil structure. The snowmelt contribution includes the snowmelt refreezing volume in the soil water of the i-th soil structure, and the snowmelt migration volume includes the melting volume of the frozen snowmelt in the soil ice of the i-th soil structure.

[0093] Here, the i-th third snowmelt path refers to the third snowmelt path corresponding to the i-th soil layer. The i-th fourth snowmelt path refers to the fourth snowmelt path corresponding to the i-th soil layer.

[0094] Specifically, for the first snowmelt movement path, the terminal can determine the snowmelt water volume of the canopy structure based on the snow layer temperature and the specific heat capacity of ice. The terminal can determine the surface water volume converted from snowmelt in the canopy structure based on the maximum water-holding capacity of the canopy structure and the snowmelt water volume, as well as the canopy snowmelt evaporation at the current time step. The snowmelt water volume of the canopy structure is defined as the snowmelt contribution of the canopy structure. The sum of the canopy snowmelt evaporation and the surface water volume converted from snowmelt in the canopy structure is defined as the snowmelt migration. The sum of the snowmelt water volume and the snowmelt contribution at the current time step is determined, and the difference between this sum and the snowmelt migration is defined as the snowmelt water volume at the current moment. The specific formula for calculating the snowmelt water volume in the canopy structure at the current moment can be:

[0095]

[0096] Among them, MeltW c,k MeltW represents the snowmelt volume of the canopy structure c at the current time k. c,k-1 Melt is the amount of snowmelt in the canopy structure c at the previous time k-1. c,j EvapW represents the snowmelt volume of the canopy structure c at the current time step j. c,j FallW represents the amount of snow evaporation from the canopy structure c at the current time step j. c,j It is the surface water storage volume of the canopy structure c at the current time step j, which is the amount of snow melted and converted into water.

[0097] For the second snowmelt movement path, the terminal can determine the snowmelt water volume at the previous time step, the snowmelt water volume of surface snow, the surface water volume converted into canopy structure, the surface snowmelt evaporation, surface snowmelt infiltration, and surface snowmelt runoff at the previous time step. The sum of the snowmelt water volume of surface snow and the snowmelt water volume converted into surface water volume in the canopy structure is determined as the snowmelt contribution. The sum of the surface snowmelt evaporation, surface snowmelt infiltration, and surface snowmelt runoff at the current time step is determined as the snowmelt migration. The sum of the snowmelt water volume at the previous time step and the snowmelt contribution at the current time step is determined, and the difference between this sum and the snowmelt migration at the current time step is determined as the snowmelt water volume at the current time step. The specific formula for calculating the snowmelt water volume of the surface water volume clock at the current time step can be:

[0098]

[0099] Among them, MeltW sur,k Let sur be the amount of snowmelt water on the surface structure at the current time k; MeltW sur,k-1 Melt represents the amount of snowmelt water in the surface water storage of the surface structure sur at the previous time k-1; sur,j EvapW represents the amount of snowmelt on the surface structure sur at the current time step j. sur,j Let sur be the surface snowmelt evaporation at the current time step j; InfW sur,j Let sur be the amount of surface snowmelt infiltration at the current time step j; RunoffW sur,j Let sur be the surface snowmelt flow rate at the current time step j.

[0100] For the third snowmelt movement path of soil water in the i-th soil layer, the terminal can determine the snowmelt volume of soil water in the i-th soil layer at the previous time step, and determine the current time step. Layer and First The data includes: snowmelt exchange in soil water of layer i, snowmelt exchange between soil water in layer i and layer i+1, snowmelt evaporation from soil water in layer i, snowmelt refreezing in soil water of layer i (or melting of frozen snow in soil ice), and snowmelt yield in soil water of layer i. The terminal will determine the... Layer and First The amount of snowmelt exchange in the soil water of each layer is determined as the snowmelt contribution. The sum of the amount of snowmelt exchange between the soil water of the i-th and i+1-th soil structures, the amount of snowmelt evaporation in the soil water of the i-th soil structure, the amount of snowmelt refreezing in the soil water of the i-th soil structure, and the amount of snowmelt production in the soil water of the i-th soil structure is determined as the snowmelt migration. The sum of the snowmelt water volume at the previous time step and the snowmelt contribution at the current time step is determined, and the difference between this sum and the snowmelt migration at the current time step is determined as the snowmelt water volume at the current time step.

[0101] Optionally, soil ice in the soil structure may refreeze or thaw during the current time step due to changes in soil temperature. However, soil temperature generally does not change drastically during the current time step, preventing simultaneous freezing or thawing of soil ice in a sub-basin. In other words, the amount of snowmelt refreezing from soil water and the amount of snowmelt from freezing soil ice do not simultaneously affect the amount of snowmelt water in that soil layer during the same time step. Snowmelt refreezing is the amount of snowmelt migration in soil water, while the amount of snowmelt from freezing soil ice is the contribution of snowmelt to soil water.

[0102] The specific expression for calculating the current snowmelt water volume of the soil water in the i-th soil layer can be:

[0103]

[0104]

[0105]

[0106] Among them, MeltW soil,i,j MeltW represents the amount of snowmelt water in the i-th soil layer at the current time k. soil,i,j-1 InfW is the amount of snowmelt water in the i-th soil layer at the previous time k-1; soil,i-1,j Let InfW be the amount of snowmelt exchange between the i-th soil layer and the (i-1)-th soil layer at the current time step j; soil,i,j For the i-th soil layer and the i-th soil layer Snowmelt exchange rate in the soil water layer at the current time step j; EvapW soil,i,j FreezeW represents the snowmelt evapotranspiration of the i-th soil layer at the current time step j. soil,i,j RunoffW represents the amount of snow refreezing in the i-th layer of soil at the current time step j, where a negative number indicates the amount of snow melting from the frozen soil ice; soil,i,j Let InfW be the amount of snowmelt flowing out of the i-th soil layer at the current time step j; soil,0,j Equal to InfW sur,j, which is the amount of surface snowmelt water that infiltrates into the first layer of soil at the current time step.

[0107] For the fourth snowmelt movement path, the terminal can determine the amount of snowmelt water from the refreezing of soil ice in the i-th soil layer at the previous time step as the snowmelt water volume at the previous time step, and determine the amount of snowmelt refreezing in the i-th soil water as the snowmelt contribution at the current time step, or determine the amount of snowmelt melting from the frozen soil ice in the i-th soil layer as the snowmelt migration amount at the current time step. The terminal can determine the sum of the snowmelt water volume at the previous time step and the snowmelt contribution at the current time step as the snowmelt water volume of soil ice in the i-th soil layer at the current time step; or it can determine the difference between the snowmelt water volume at the previous time step and the snowmelt migration amount at the current time step as the snowmelt water volume of soil ice in the i-th soil layer at the current time step.

[0108] The specific expression for calculating the amount of snowmelt water in the soil ice of the i-th soil layer at the current moment can be:

[0109]

[0110] Among them, MeltW soilice,i,k For the first MeltW represents the amount of snowmelt water that refreezes in the soil ice layer at the current time k. soilice,i,k-1 For the first The amount of snowmelt water from the refreezing of the soil ice layer at the previous time k-1; FreezeW soil,i,j For the first The amount of snow refreezing in the soil water layer at the current time step j; a negative number indicates the amount of snow melting from refreezing in the soil ice at the current time step j. Optionally, all the above variables are in millimeters (mm). This represents the number of soil layers in the model.

[0111] In this embodiment, the hydrological structure is divided into multiple layers for analysis, and the hydrological circulation process between layers is used to track the transfer and movement of melted snow water.

[0112] In one exemplary embodiment, the method for quantitative analysis of snowmelt runoff further includes:

[0113] Based on external environmental data, the proportion of snowfall in precipitation at each time step is determined; based on the proportion of snowfall, the preset mass balance equation, and the preset energy balance equation, the snow layer temperature and snow melt flux of the surface structure are determined; based on the snow layer temperature and snow melt flux, the snow melt water volume of the surface snow at each time step is determined.

[0114] The external environmental data refers to the environmental data at the current time step, which may include factors such as temperature and water vapor pressure. Precipitation includes liquid precipitation and solid snowfall, and the snowfall percentage is the proportion of snowfall in total precipitation. Melt flux is the outflow of meltwater from the snow layer to the surface. Snow layer temperature is the temperature of each snow layer. The preset mass balance equations include the snow layer mass balance equation, and the preset energy balance equations include the snow layer energy balance equation. Melt flux is the exchange of liquid water between different snow layers, including the exchange of liquid water between the bottom snow layer and the surface (i.e., the meltwater flux flowing from the snow layer to the surface).

[0115] Specifically, when calculating the snowmelt water volume at each time step, the terminal can acquire external environmental data based on sensors or other sensing devices. Based on the air temperature and water vapor pressure data from this external environmental data, the terminal can calculate the wet-bulb temperature at the current time step. The formula for calculating the wet-bulb temperature is as follows:

[0116]

[0117] Among them, T w T is the wet-bulb temperature. m For temperature data, e m It is water vapor pressure data.

[0118] The terminal can determine the relationship between wet-bulb temperature and a preset temperature threshold. When the wet-bulb temperature is lower than the preset temperature threshold, the proportion of snowfall in precipitation is determined based on a preset ratio formula and the wet-bulb temperature. The specific expression of the preset ratio formula can be:

[0119]

[0120]

[0121]

[0122] Where, ratio snow It represents the percentage of snowfall, where 0 ≤ ratio snow ≤1, T0 is the preset temperature threshold, which can be set to 1.1 degrees Celsius.

[0123] Assuming that the surface snow cover in each sub-basin is divided into several layers along the vertical direction for simulation, and that each layer of snow is uniform in density, temperature, humidity, and snow grain size, the terminal can establish the mass balance relationship between the snow layers based on a preset mass balance equation. The specific expression of the preset mass balance equation can be:

[0124]

[0125] Where t is the current time step; z is the vertical height of the snow layer above the Earth's surface; C is the specific heat of snow (J / kg·K); T s T represents the temperature (K) of the corresponding snow layer. f θ is the freezing temperature of water (K); i ρ represents the volume percentage of solid water (ice) in snow; i The density of ice (kg / m³) 3 ); L il The latent heat of fusion of ice (J / kg); K s The thermal conductivity of snow (W / K·m); I R Radiative flux (W / m 2 H out Other energy input data. For the first layer of snow cover, other energy input data refers to surface energy input data: H out =H sur , where H sur Input data for surface energy.

[0126] Surface energy input data includes atmospheric longwave radiation, sensible and latent heat exchange, and precipitation heat input. The expression for surface energy input data can be:

[0127]

[0128] Among them, RL d It is a downward long-wave radiation; Reflectivity; Boltzmann's constant, ; Temperature of surface snow (K); E h For sensible heat exchange ( ); E e For latent heat exchange ( ); C p The specific heat of precipitation ( ); U p Rainfall (mm); T p The temperature of the precipitation is K.

[0129] The specific expression for the pre-defined mass balance equation can be:

[0130]

[0131] Where, θ l This represents the volume percentage of liquid water in the snow. The density of liquid water (kg / m³) 3 ); U l Meltwater flow flux in the snow layer ( ).

[0132] The terminal can obtain the snow layer temperature T by simultaneously solving the preset energy balance equation and the preset mass balance equation. s and snowmelt flux U l When the snow layer temperature T s When the melting temperature is reached, melting calculations will be performed based on the specific heat of ice melting to obtain the amount of snowmelt water on the ground surface. The flux of meltwater will be used to determine the flux of water entering the ground surface after the snowmelt, and the amount of snowmelt water on the ground surface at the current time step will be determined based on this snowmelt flux.

[0133] In addition, when the wet-bulb temperature is greater than or equal to the preset temperature threshold, the precipitation pattern is determined to be rain, with no snowfall. Therefore, the snowfall process at this time step is not analyzed.

[0134] In this embodiment, by simulating the snowmelt process of the surface and canopy based on the current external environmental data at each time step, and coupling the weather changes at each time step, the accuracy of assessing the impact of snowmelt on runoff is improved.

[0135] In an exemplary embodiment, the specific implementation process of the step "determining the snowmelt migration amount of each target snowmelt movement path at the current time step based on the snowmelt water volume at the current time step" may include:

[0136] Determine the ratio of snowmelt water volume to water content of the corresponding hydrological structure for each snowmelt movement path at the current time step, and define the ratio as the snowmelt proportion of each hydrological structure; determine the water migration volume corresponding to each hydrological structure, and determine the target snowmelt migration volume corresponding to each target snowmelt movement path at the current time step based on the product of water migration volume and the snowmelt proportion of the hydrological structure.

[0137] Water content refers to the total water storage at the current time step of each hydrological structure. Snowmelt percentage refers to the proportion of snowmelt water in each hydrological component. Hydrological components refer to the hydrological elements at each stage of the hydrological cycle. Total water migration refers to the amount of water migrated in each part of the water movement process in each hydrological structure. Water migration in each hydrological structure can include at least one or more of the following: evaporation, infiltration, refreezing and thawing (freeze-thaw), runoff generation, etc.

[0138] Specifically, the terminal can determine the water content of each hydrological structure at the current time based on a preset distributed hydrological model. The terminal determines the ratio of the snowmelt water volume of each snowmelt movement path to the snowmelt content of the corresponding hydrological structure at the current time step, and defines this ratio as the snowmelt percentage in the corresponding hydrological structure. The terminal can also determine the water migration amount corresponding to each hydrological structure at the current time step based on the preset distributed hydrological model, and define the product of this water migration amount and the snowmelt percentage of the corresponding hydrological structure as the target snowmelt migration amount for each target snowmelt movement path at the current time step.

[0139] The specific expression for calculating the proportion of snowmelt in the total water volume of each hydrological structure can be:

[0140]

[0141]

[0142]

[0143]

[0144] Among them, RatioW c,j RatioW represents the percentage of snow melt in the canopy structure c at the current time step j. sur,j RatioW represents the percentage of snowmelt on the surface structure sur at the current time step j. soil,i,j RatioW represents the proportion of snowmelt in the soil water of the i-th soil layer at the current time step j. soilice,i,j W represents the percentage of snowmelt in the soil ice layer (soilice) at the current time step j. c,j Let W be the canopy water content of canopy structure c at the current time step j. sur,j W represents the surface water content at the current time step j, where sur is the surface structure. soil,i,j Let W be the soil water content of the i-th soil layer at the current time step j. soilice,i,j Let be the water content of soil ice (soilice) in the i-th soil layer at the current time step j.

[0145] In this embodiment, the target snowmelt migration amount of the corresponding target snowmelt movement path is determined by calculating the snowmelt water volume at the current time step, thereby realizing the tracking of the snowmelt water volume at the current time step.

[0146] In an exemplary embodiment, the specific implementation process of the step "determining the target snowmelt migration amount corresponding to each snowmelt movement path at the current time step based on the product of water migration amount and the snowmelt ratio corresponding to the hydrological structure" may include:

[0147] The product of surface runoff and the proportion of snowmelt in surface structure is determined as the surface snowmelt runoff corresponding to the second snowmelt movement path at the current time step; the product of soil runoff in the i-th layer and the proportion of snowmelt in soil water in the corresponding soil layer is determined as the soil snowmelt runoff corresponding to the i-th third snowmelt movement path at the current time step; the product of groundwater runoff and the proportion of snowmelt in the aquifer is determined as the target snowmelt migration or groundwater snowmelt runoff corresponding to the aquifer at the current time step.

[0148] Specifically, when the water content in the soil structure meets the saturation condition, the soil structure is considered an aquifer. The total water migration includes at least the runoff generation of each hydrological layer, which in turn includes at least the surface runoff of surface water storage, the soil runoff of each soil layer, and the groundwater runoff of the aquifer. The target snowmelt migration includes at least the surface snowmelt generation, the soil snowmelt generation, and the groundwater snowmelt generation.

[0149] Optionally, surface snowmelt runoff is the snowmelt runoff generated by surface structures, soil snowmelt runoff is the snowmelt runoff generated by soil structures, and groundwater snowmelt runoff is the snowmelt runoff generated by groundwater aquifers.

[0150] Specifically, the terminal can perform runoff calculations based on a preset distributed hydrological model to obtain surface runoff, soil runoff of soil water in each soil layer, and groundwater runoff of each underground aquifer. Assuming snowmelt is uniformly distributed in surface water, soil water, and groundwater, the terminal can calculate the snowmelt contribution in different runoff forms, determine the product of surface runoff and the proportion of snowmelt water in surface water storage as the surface snowmelt runoff corresponding to the second snowmelt movement path at the current time step; determine the product of soil runoff and the proportion of snowmelt water in the soil of the i-th soil structure as the soil snowmelt runoff corresponding to the i-th third snowmelt movement path at the current time step; the terminal can determine the soil structure that meets the saturation condition, and determine the water content of each soil layer that meets the saturation condition as the water content of the groundwater aquifer, determine the sum of the snowmelt water of each soil layer that meets the saturation condition as the snowmelt water of the groundwater aquifer, determine the ratio of the snowmelt water of the groundwater aquifer to the water content of the groundwater aquifer as the snowmelt proportion of the groundwater aquifer; determine the product of groundwater runoff and the snowmelt proportion of the groundwater aquifer as the groundwater snowmelt runoff corresponding to the groundwater aquifer at the current time step. The specific expression for calculating the snowmelt contribution value in different runoff patterns can be:

[0151]

[0152]

[0153]

[0154] Among them, Runoff sur,j Let W be the surface yield of the surface structure sur at the current time step j. soil,i,j Let RunoffW be the soil water yield of the i-th soil layer at the current time step j. ground,j Let be the groundwater yield of the groundwater aquifer in the j-th soil layer at the current time step j. ground,j RatioW represents the groundwater snowmelt yield of the groundwater aquifer within the soil structure at the current time step j. ground,j This represents the percentage of snowmelt in the groundwater aquifer at the current time step j within the soil structure.

[0155] The expression for calculating the proportion of snowmelt in the underground aquifer can be:

[0156]

[0157]

[0158] Among them, W soil,n,j MeltW represents the water content of the underground aquifer in the nth soil layer at time j. soil,n,j Let N be the amount of snowmelt water in the nth layer of soil structure at the current time j, where 0 ≤ n ≤ N, N is a positive integer, and N is the number of the underground aquifer layers in the soil structure.

[0159] In addition, the total snowmelt runoff can be determined by the sum of surface snowmelt runoff, soil snowmelt runoff, and groundwater snowmelt runoff. The formula for calculating the total snowmelt runoff is as follows:

[0160]

[0161] Among them, Runoff snow This represents the total snowmelt runoff at the current time step j.

[0162] Optionally, assuming that snowmelt is uniformly distributed across all hydrological components, the terminal can calculate the corresponding snowmelt contribution or snowmelt migration amount for each aquifer structure based on the snowmelt percentage. Specifically, the terminal can determine the evapotranspiration of the canopy structure, the evapotranspiration of the surface structure, and the evapotranspiration of soil water for each soil structure based on a preset distributed hydrological model. The product of the evapotranspiration of the canopy structure and the snowmelt percentage of the canopy structure is determined as the canopy snowmelt evaporation; the product of the evapotranspiration of the surface structure and the snowmelt percentage of the surface structure is determined as the surface snowmelt evaporation; and the product of the evapotranspiration of soil water for each soil structure and the snowmelt percentage of soil water for each soil structure is determined as the snowmelt evaporation of soil water for each soil structure. The specific formula for calculating the snowmelt evaporation of each hydrological structure can be:

[0163]

[0164]

[0165]

[0166] Among them, EvapW c,j EvapW represents the canopy snow evaporation rate at the current time step j. sur,j EvapW represents the surface snowmelt evaporation at the current time step j. soil,i,j For the current time step j, the first... Evaporation from snowmelt in the soil layer; Evap c,j Evap represents the evapotranspiration of the canopy structure at the current time step j. sur,j Evap is the evapotranspiration of surface water at the current time step j. soil,i,j The evapotranspiration rate of soil water for each soil structure at the current time step j.

[0167] The terminal can determine the amount of surface water infiltrating into the topsoil based on a preset distributed hydrological model, and determine the surface snowmelt infiltration amount by multiplying this infiltration amount by the proportion of snowmelt in the surface structure. The specific expression for the surface snowmelt infiltration amount at the current time step j can be:

[0168]

[0169] Among them, InfW sur,j Let Inf be the amount of surface snowmelt infiltration at the current time step j. sur,j This represents the amount of surface water that infiltrates into the topsoil at the current time step j.

[0170] The terminal can determine the soil water exchange between the i-th and i+1-th soil layers based on a preset distributed hydrological model, and determine the relationship between the soil water exchange between the i-th and i+1-th soil layers and 0. If the soil water exchange between the i-th and i+1-th soil layers is greater than 0, then the product of the soil water exchange between the i-th and i+1-th soil layers and the proportion of snowmelt in the soil water of the i-th soil structure is determined as the snowmelt exchange between the i-th and i+1-th soil layers. If the soil water exchange between the i-th and i+1-th soil layers is less than 0, then the product of the soil water exchange between the i-th and i+1-th soil layers is determined as the snowmelt exchange between the i-th and i+1-th soil layers. The product of the soil water exchange between layer i and layer i+1 and the proportion of snowmelt in the soil water of layer i+1 is determined as the snowmelt exchange amount between layer i and layer i+1. The specific expression for the snowmelt exchange amount in soil water at the current time step j can be:

[0171]

[0172]

[0173] Among them, InfW soil,i,j Inf represents the amount of snowmelt exchanged between the i-th and (i+1)-th soil water layers at the current time step j; soil,i,j This represents the soil water exchange between the i-th and (i+1)-th soil layers at the current time step j. This indicates that soil water infiltrates from the i-th layer to the (i+1)-th layer. This indicates that the direction of soil water movement is from the (i+1)th layer to the ith layer; since the model presupposes N soil layers, and the lower boundary of the bottom soil layer is an impermeable boundary, soil water will not infiltrate in the Nth layer. .

[0174] The terminal can determine the conversion amount of soil water to soil ice in the i-th soil layer based on a preset distributed hydrological model. When the conversion amount is greater than 0, it indicates that the soil water is frozen, and the product of this conversion amount and the proportion of snowmelt in the soil water of the i-th soil layer is determined as the snowmelt-refreezing amount. When the conversion amount is less than 0, it indicates that the soil ice is melting, and the product of this conversion amount and the proportion of snowmelt in the soil ice of the i-th soil layer is determined as the melting amount of frozen snowmelt. The specific expression for the snowmelt-refreezing amount or melting amount can be:

[0175]

[0176] in, This represents the amount of snow refreezing or melting of soil water in the i-th soil layer at the current time step j. For the current time step j, the j-th The conversion amount of soil water and soil ice in the soil layer. This indicates that soil water freezes into soil ice. This indicates that soil ice has melted into soil water. All variables are in millimeters (mm).

[0177] In addition, the terminal can calculate the contribution of snowmelt at any time step to each hydrological structure based on the above embodiments.

[0178] In this embodiment, by simulating processes such as snowfall, snow accumulation and melting, and runoff generation and confluence, the flow rate of melted snow water and its proportion in the total runoff are calculated. Furthermore, by using the melted snow water volume at the current time step, the target snow melt migration amount for the corresponding target snow melt movement path is determined, thus enabling the tracking of the melted snow water volume at the current time step.

[0179] In one instance, such as Figure 3 As shown, the quantitative analysis method for snowmelt runoff based on a distributed hydrological model can specifically include the following steps:

[0180] Step 301: Construct a pre-defined distributed hydrological model.

[0181] Step 302, Rainfall and Snowfall Classification: Based on precipitation, temperature and air pressure data, the wet-bulb temperature method is used to calculate the proportion of snowfall in precipitation and classify precipitation into rain and snowfall.

[0182] Step 303: Snow Melting Process Simulation: Based on the preset mass balance equation and preset energy transfer equation, the dynamic process of snow accumulation is simulated, and the radiation energy transfer and melting process in the surface snow are simulated in layers.

[0183] Step 304, Snowmelt Marking and Tracking: After the snow on the canopy and surface structures melts, considering processes such as snowmelt evaporation, infiltration, refreezing, and vegetation transpiration, the snowmelt water content in the canopy, surface, and soil is dynamically updated to track the snowmelt water content in each hydrological component.

[0184] Step 305: Quantify the contribution of snowmelt runoff to river runoff: Calculate snowmelt migration based on a distributed hydrological model, quantify the contribution of snowmelt runoff in different runoff-generating components, quantify the total amount of snowmelt runoff at the watershed outlet and its contribution ratio to the total runoff based on the confluence calculation results, and return to step 302 to analyze the next time step.

[0185] In this embodiment, simulation calculations are performed based on a distributed model, and the snowmelt content in each grid hydrological component is updated in real time. By coupling the runoff generation and confluence module, the total contribution of snowmelt to river runoff through different runoff generation methods can be calculated.

[0186] In one embodiment, the quantitative analysis method for snowmelt runoff provided in the above embodiments is used to simulate the source area of ​​a river, demonstrating the applicability of the method in this embodiment. Daily runoff and daily precipitation (CGDPA) products from a designated hydrological station for a specified year, along with daily meteorological data for the river source area provided by the meteorological bureau, are used. The daily runoff process of the river source area for a specified year is simulated using the method of the above embodiments, and the contribution of snowmelt to the runoff in the river source area for a specified year is calculated. The average runoff depth in the river source area for the specified year is 259.4 mm, the runoff depth contributed by snowmelt for the specified year is 43.3 mm, and the proportion of snowmelt runoff in the total runoff for the specified year is 16.7%. The monthly contribution of snowmelt runoff for the specified year is also shown. According to the simulation results, the annual distribution of both snowmelt runoff and the proportion of snowmelt runoff shows a bimodal structure; snowmelt runoff is highest in June, July, and October; and the proportion of snowmelt runoff in the total runoff is above 20% in April, May, June, and October. It should be understood that this is for illustrative purposes only and does not constitute a specific limitation.

[0187] It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts of the embodiments described above are shown sequentially according to the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some steps in the flowcharts of the embodiments described above may include multiple steps or multiple stages. These steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. The execution order of these steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be performed alternately or in turn with other steps or at least some of the steps or stages of other steps.

[0188] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a device for quantitative analysis of frozen soil meltwater runoff based on a distributed hydrological model, used to implement the aforementioned method for quantitative analysis of frozen soil meltwater runoff based on a distributed hydrological model. The solution provided by this device is similar to the solution described in the above method; therefore, the specific limitations of one or more embodiments of the snowmelt runoff quantitative analysis device provided below can be found in the limitations of the distributed hydrological model-based snowmelt runoff quantitative analysis method described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0189] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, a quantitative analysis device 40 for frozen soil meltwater runoff based on a distributed hydrological model is provided, comprising: a first determination module 41, a second determination module 42, and a third determination module 43, wherein:

[0190] The first determining module 41 is used to determine the snowmelt water volume of each hydrological structure of each target snowmelt movement path at the current moment based on the preset distributed hydrological model, the preset hydrological cycle process and the target snowmelt movement path corresponding to each hydrological structure of each sub-basin.

[0191] The second determining module 42 is used to determine the snowmelt migration amount of each target snowmelt movement path at the current time step based on the snowmelt water volume. The snowmelt migration amount includes at least the snowmelt runoff.

[0192] The third determining module 43 is used to determine the total snowmelt runoff of each hydrological structure at the current time step based on the snowmelt runoff production corresponding to each target snowmelt movement path.

[0193] In one embodiment, the first determining module 41 is specifically used to determine the snowmelt volume of each hydrological structure at the current time based on the snowmelt volume of each hydrological structure in the sub-basin at the previous time and the snowmelt parameters of the target snowmelt movement path corresponding to each hydrological structure at the current time step. The snowmelt parameters include snowmelt contribution and / or snowmelt migration.

[0194] In one embodiment, the first determining module 41 is specifically used to determine, for each target snowmelt movement path, the sum of the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure at the previous time step and the snowmelt contribution of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step, and to determine the difference between the sum and the snowmelt migration amount of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step as the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure at the current time step; and / or, to determine the sum of the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure at the previous time step and the snowmelt contribution of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step as the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure at the current time step; and / or, to determine the difference between the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure at the previous time step and the snowmelt migration amount of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step as the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure at the current time step.

[0195] In one embodiment, the hydrological structure of each sub-basin includes at least a canopy structure, a surface structure, and a multi-layered soil structure, with each soil layer including at least soil water and / or soil ice; the target snowmelt movement path includes one or more of the following: a first snowmelt movement path of the canopy structure, a second snowmelt movement path of the surface structure, a third snowmelt movement path of soil water in each soil layer, and a fourth snowmelt movement path of soil ice.

[0196] In one embodiment, for the first snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt contribution is the snowmelt water volume of the canopy structure, and the snowmelt migration includes the canopy snowmelt evaporation volume of the canopy structure and the surface water volume converted from snowmelt in the canopy structure;

[0197] For the second snowmelt movement pathway, the snowmelt contribution includes the snowmelt water volume of surface snow in the surface structure and the surface water volume converted from snowmelt in the canopy structure. The snowmelt migration includes surface snowmelt evaporation, surface snowmelt infiltration, and surface snowmelt runoff.

[0198] For the i-th third snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt water volume is the snowmelt water volume of the soil water in the i-th soil structure. The snowmelt contribution includes the snowmelt exchange between the soil water in the i-th and (i-1)-th soil structures and the melting of snowmelt from the freezing of soil ice in the i-th soil structure. The snowmelt migration includes the snowmelt exchange between the soil water in the i-th and (i+1)-th soil structures, the snowmelt evaporation of the soil water in the i-th soil structure, the snowmelt refreezing of the soil water in the i-th soil structure, and the snowmelt yield of the soil water in the i-th soil structure. Wherein, 0 < i ≤ N, i is the number of layers in the multi-layered soil structure, and i is a positive integer.

[0199] For the i-th fourth snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt water volume is the snowmelt water volume frozen in the soil ice of the i-th soil structure. The snowmelt contribution includes the snowmelt refreezing volume in the soil water of the i-th soil structure, and the snowmelt migration volume includes the melting volume of the frozen snowmelt in the soil ice of the i-th soil structure.

[0200] In one embodiment, the first determining module 41 is further configured to determine the proportion of snowfall in precipitation at each time step based on external environmental data.

[0201] Based on the proportion of snowfall, the preset mass balance equation, and the preset energy balance equation, the temperature of the snow layer and the meltwater flux of the surface structure are determined; the meltwater flux is the outflow of meltwater from the snow layer of the surface structure to the surface.

[0202] Based on snow cover temperature and meltwater flux, the amount of snowmelt water on the surface snow at each time step is determined.

[0203] In one embodiment, the second determining module 42 is specifically used to determine the ratio of the snowmelt water volume of each snowmelt movement path at the current time step to the water content of the corresponding hydrological structure, and to determine the ratio as the snowmelt proportion of each hydrological structure.

[0204] Determine the water migration amount for each hydrological structure, and based on the product of the water migration amount and the corresponding snowmelt percentage for each hydrological structure, determine the target snowmelt migration amount for each target snowmelt movement path at the current time step.

[0205] In one embodiment, the second determining module 42 is specifically used to determine the product of the surface runoff and the proportion of snowmelt in the total water storage of the surface structure, which is the surface snowmelt runoff corresponding to the second snowmelt movement path corresponding to the current time step.

[0206] The product of soil yield and the proportion of snowmelt in soil water of the i-th soil layer is determined as the soil snowmelt yield corresponding to the i-th third snowmelt movement path at the current time step.

[0207] The product of groundwater production and the proportion of snowmelt in the aquifer is determined as the groundwater snowmelt production corresponding to the aquifer at the current time step.

[0208] The modules in the aforementioned quantitative analysis device for frozen soil meltwater runoff based on a distributed hydrological model can be implemented entirely or partially through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. These modules can be embedded in or independent of the processor in a computer device, or stored in the computer device's memory as software, so that the processor can call and execute the corresponding operations of each module.

[0209] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer device is provided, which may be a terminal, and its internal structure diagram may be as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the computer device includes a processor, memory, input / output interface, communication interface, display unit, and input device. The processor, memory, and input / output interface are connected via a system bus, and the communication interface, display unit, and input device are also connected to the system bus via the input / output interface. The processor provides computational and control capabilities. The memory includes non-volatile storage media and internal memory. The non-volatile storage media stores the operating system and computer programs. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage media. The input / output interface is used for exchanging information between the processor and external devices. The communication interface is used for wired or wireless communication with external terminals; wireless communication can be achieved through Wi-Fi, mobile cellular networks, Near Field Communication (NFC), or other technologies. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements a method for quantitative analysis of snowmelt runoff. The display unit is used to form a visually visible image and can be a display screen, projection device, or virtual reality imaging device. The display screen can be an LCD screen or an e-ink screen. The input device of the computer device can be a touch layer covering the display screen, or buttons, trackballs, or touchpads set on the casing of the computer device, or external keyboards, touchpads, or mice, etc.

[0210] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 5The structure shown is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure related to the present application and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the present application is applied. Specific computer devices may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0211] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps in the above-described method embodiments.

[0212] In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided having a computer program stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the above method embodiments.

[0213] In one embodiment, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the above method embodiments.

[0214] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, data stored, data displayed, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use and processing of the relevant data must comply with relevant regulations.

[0215] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. Any references to memory, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include at least one of non-volatile memory and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can take many forms, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) or Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM). The databases involved in the embodiments provided in this application may include at least one type of relational database and non-relational database. Non-relational databases may include, but are not limited to, blockchain-based distributed databases. The processors involved in the embodiments provided in this application may be general-purpose processors, central processing units, graphics processing units, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices, quantum computing-based data processing logic devices, artificial intelligence (AI) processors, etc., and are not limited to these.

[0216] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this application.

[0217] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A quantitative analysis method for snowmelt runoff based on a distributed hydrological model, characterized in that, The method includes: Based on the preset distributed hydrological model, the preset hydrological cycle process, and the target snowmelt movement paths corresponding to each hydrological structure of each sub-basin, the snowmelt water volume of each hydrological structure of each target snowmelt movement path at the current moment is determined. Based on the snowmelt water volume, the snowmelt migration amount of each of the target snowmelt movement paths is determined at the current time step, and the snowmelt migration amount includes at least the snowmelt runoff volume; Based on the snowmelt runoff corresponding to each of the target snowmelt movement paths, the total snowmelt runoff of each of the hydrological structures at the current time step is determined. The determination of the snowmelt volume at the current moment for each hydrological structure along each target snowmelt movement path, based on a preset distributed hydrological model, a preset hydrological cycle process, and the target snowmelt movement paths corresponding to each hydrological structure of each sub-basin, includes: For each target snowmelt movement path, the sum of the snowmelt volume of the hydrological structure at the previous time step and the snowmelt contribution of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step is determined, and the difference between the sum and the snowmelt migration amount of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step is determined as the snowmelt volume of the hydrological structure at the current time step; and / or, The sum of the snowmelt volume of the hydrological structure at the previous time step and the snowmelt contribution of the target snowmelt path at the current time step is determined as the snowmelt volume of the hydrological structure at the current time step; and / or, The difference between the snowmelt volume of the hydrological structure at the previous time step and the snowmelt migration amount of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step is determined as the snowmelt volume of the hydrological structure at the current time step.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrological structure of each sub-basin includes at least a canopy structure, a surface structure, and a multi-layered soil structure, with each layer of the soil structure including at least soil water and / or soil ice; the target snowmelt movement path includes one or more of the following: a first snowmelt movement path of the canopy structure, a second snowmelt movement path of the surface structure, a third snowmelt movement path of the soil water in each layer of the soil structure, and a fourth snowmelt movement path of the soil ice.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, For the first snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt contribution is the snowmelt water volume of the canopy structure, and the snowmelt migration includes the canopy snowmelt evaporation volume of the canopy structure and the surface water volume converted from snowmelt in the canopy structure; For the second snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt contribution includes the snowmelt water volume of the surface snow in the surface structure and the surface water volume converted from snowmelt in the canopy structure, and the snowmelt migration volume includes surface snowmelt evaporation, surface snowmelt infiltration, and surface snowmelt runoff. For the i-th third snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt water volume is the snowmelt water volume of the soil water in the i-th soil structure. The snowmelt contribution includes the snowmelt exchange between the soil water in the i-th and (i-1)-th soil structures and the melting of frozen snowmelt in the i-th soil structure. The snowmelt migration includes the snowmelt exchange between the soil water in the i-th and (i+1)-th soil structures, the snowmelt evaporation of the soil water in the i-th soil structure, the snowmelt refreezing in the soil water in the i-th soil structure, and the snowmelt production flow of the soil water in the i-th soil structure. Wherein, 0 < i ≤ N, i is the number of layers in the multi-layered soil structure, and i is a positive integer. For the i-th fourth snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt water volume is the snowmelt water volume frozen in the soil ice of the i-th soil structure, the snowmelt contribution includes the snowmelt refreezing amount in the soil water of the i-th soil structure, and the snowmelt migration amount includes the melting amount of the frozen snowmelt in the soil ice of the i-th soil structure.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method further includes: Based on external environmental data, determine the proportion of snowfall in precipitation at each time step; Based on the snowfall percentage, the preset mass balance equation, and the preset energy balance equation, the snow layer temperature and meltwater flux of the surface structure are determined; the meltwater flux is the outflow of meltwater from the snow layer of the surface structure to the surface. Based on the snow layer temperature and the meltwater flux, the amount of meltwater from the surface snow is determined at each time step.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The determination of the snowmelt migration amount of each target snowmelt movement path at the current time step based on the snowmelt water volume includes: Determine the ratio of the snowmelt water volume of each snowmelt movement path at the current time step to the water content of the corresponding hydrological structure, and determine the ratio as the snowmelt proportion of each hydrological structure; The amount of water migration for each of the hydrological structures is determined, and the target snowmelt migration amount corresponding to each target snowmelt movement path at the current time step is determined based on the product of the amount of water migration and the snowmelt ratio corresponding to the hydrological structure.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the water content in the soil water of the soil structure meets the saturation condition, the soil structure is an underground aquifer. The water migration amount includes at least the runoff yield of each hydrological structure layer. The runoff yield includes at least the surface yield of the surface structure, the soil yield of the soil water of each soil structure layer, and the groundwater yield of each underground aquifer. The target snowmelt migration amount includes at least the surface snowmelt yield, the soil snowmelt yield, and the groundwater snowmelt yield. The determination of the target snowmelt migration amount corresponding to each target snowmelt movement path at the current time step based on the product of the water migration amount and the snowmelt proportion corresponding to the hydrological structure includes: The product of the surface runoff and the proportion of snowmelt in the total water storage of the surface structure is determined as the surface snowmelt runoff corresponding to the second snowmelt movement path at the current time step; The product of the soil yield and the proportion of snowmelt in the soil water of the i-th soil layer is determined as the soil snowmelt yield corresponding to the i-th third snowmelt movement path at the current time step. The product of the groundwater production rate and the snowmelt ratio of the underground aquifer is determined as the groundwater snowmelt production rate of the underground aquifer corresponding to the current time step.

7. A quantitative analysis device for snowmelt runoff based on a distributed hydrological model, characterized in that, The device includes: The first determining module is used to determine the snowmelt water volume of each hydrological structure of each target snowmelt movement path at the current moment, based on the preset distributed hydrological model, the preset hydrological cycle process, and the target snowmelt movement path corresponding to each hydrological structure of each sub-basin. The second determining module is used to determine the snowmelt migration amount of each of the target snowmelt movement paths at the current time step based on the snowmelt water volume, wherein the snowmelt migration amount includes at least the snowmelt runoff volume. The third determining module is used to determine the total snowmelt runoff of each of the hydrological structures at the current time step based on the snowmelt runoff production corresponding to each of the target snowmelt movement paths; The first determining module is specifically used to, for each of the target snowmelt movement paths, determine the sum of the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure at the previous time step and the snowmelt contribution of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step, and determine the difference between the sum and the snowmelt migration amount of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step as the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure at the current time step; and / or, The sum of the snowmelt volume of the hydrological structure at the previous time step and the snowmelt contribution of the target snowmelt path at the current time step is determined as the snowmelt volume of the hydrological structure at the current time step; and / or, The difference between the snowmelt volume of the hydrological structure at the previous time step and the snowmelt migration amount of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step is determined as the snowmelt volume of the hydrological structure at the current time step.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The hydrological structure of each sub-basin includes at least a canopy structure, a surface structure, and a multi-layered soil structure, with each layer of the soil structure including at least soil water and / or soil ice; the target snowmelt movement path includes one or more of the following: a first snowmelt movement path of the canopy structure, a second snowmelt movement path of the surface structure, a third snowmelt movement path of the soil water in each layer of the soil structure, and a fourth snowmelt movement path of the soil ice.

9. The apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that, For the second snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt contribution includes the snowmelt water volume of the surface snow in the surface structure and the surface water volume converted from snowmelt in the canopy structure, and the snowmelt migration volume includes surface snowmelt evaporation, surface snowmelt infiltration, and surface snowmelt runoff. For the i-th third snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt water volume is the snowmelt water volume of the soil water in the i-th soil structure. The snowmelt contribution includes the snowmelt exchange between the soil water in the i-th and (i-1)-th soil structures and the melting of frozen snowmelt in the i-th soil structure. The snowmelt migration includes the snowmelt exchange between the soil water in the i-th and (i+1)-th soil structures, the snowmelt evaporation of the soil water in the i-th soil structure, the snowmelt refreezing in the soil water in the i-th soil structure, and the snowmelt production flow of the soil water in the i-th soil structure. Wherein, 0 < i ≤ N, i is the number of layers in the multi-layered soil structure, and i is a positive integer. For the i-th fourth snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt water volume is the snowmelt water volume frozen in the soil ice of the i-th soil structure, the snowmelt contribution includes the snowmelt refreezing amount in the soil water of the i-th soil structure, and the snowmelt migration amount includes the melting amount of the frozen snowmelt in the soil ice of the i-th soil structure.

10. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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