407 results about "Snow cover" patented technology

The invention provides a system and method for analyzing and classifying the losses of a photovoltaic array. The system and method compares expected power output and to actual power output and can determine a photovoltaic string, combiner, or inverter is generating less power than expected due to at least one of snow cover, soiling, and inverter clipping. The system and method can then determine an amount of power lost during a period of time the photovoltaic string, combiner, or inverter is experiencing snow cover, soiling, or inverter clipping and determine a value of the amount of power lost during the period of time. Various user interfaces enable a user to view one or more reasons why a PV string, combiner or inverter is generating less power than expected and the value of the amount of power lost.

The invention discloses a super-hydrophobic film with a composite structure, which comprises a film matrix, an adhesive layer and a super-hydrophobic layer. The adhesive layer is adhered to the film matrix; and the super-hydrophobic layer consists of micro-scale powder particles and nano-scale powder particles which are arranged at intervals and embedded into the film matrix, have low surface energy or are modified by low surface energy substances, and micro-scale protrusions and nano-scale protrusions are formed on the surface of the adhesive layer. The super-hydrophobic film has the advantages of simple structure, easy preparation and lower cost; a water contact angle of the super-hydrophobic layer is between150 and 165 degrees, and a roll angle is less than 5 degrees; the super-hydrophobic film is provided with the adhesive layer and has no special requirement on a matrix material; and a super-hydrophobic structure can be arranged on the matrix with higher hardness; the super-hydrophobic film self has certain strength and hardness and excellent mechanical property, can be used in the occasions with higher mechanical requirements, and can also be used in the occasions needing water proofing, pollution prevention, mist resistance, snow cover resistance, ice coating resistance, oxidation prevention and the like; and the super-hydrophobic film adopts the film matrix, occupies little space, and is convenient and simple to use.

The invention relates to a real-time extracting method of satellite remote sensing sea fog characteristic quantity, daytime EOS/MODIS data is used and is read into a raw data file PDS, the difference of sea fog and low cloud on a spectral characteristic is analyzed in two steps that: firstly, the sea fog and the low cloud are separated, and then, the sea fog characteristic quantity is extracted, namely that a three-level identifying method is adopted to orderly filter high cloud, middle cloud, low cloud, a cloudless water body, a solar flare water body, a cloud shadow area, a sea ice and a snow cover, the sea fog detection is established, a sea fog distributing area is obtained, a file which comprises a sea fog detecting result is generated, then, the sea fog characteristic quantity of the optical thickness of a fog area, the effective radius of fog and a liquid water path are calculated according to a formula, and pictures are displayed on a microcomputer. The method not only extracts the sea fog characteristic quantity, but also can calculate the visibility and the fog top height of the fog, consequently, the quantification detection of the sea fog is realized, and a dissipation forecast of the sea fog supplies meteorological information for air safety above the sea, maritime traffic and coastal airport operation.

In order to melt snow and prevent freezing without consuming energy wastefully and to monitor a road surface state remotely, a road surface sensor includes: a rotating stand provided so as to be reciprocatingly rotatable upward on the road surface; a snow-melting/freezing heat quantity measurement dummy road surface having an electric heater buried therein and to use as a reference road surface for heat quantity measurement to derive a melting heat quantity for snow falling on the surface and a heat quantity required for freezing prevention; a reference light irradiating/reflected light receiving device that is attached so as to be rotatable with the rotating stand; a space reflected light receiving device; a non-contact road temperature measuring device; a non-contact snow cover depth measuring device; a road surface image pickup device; and a moisture sensor. The reference light irradiating/reflected light receiving device includes a reference light irradiating device for irradiating reference light and a reflected light receiving device for receiving reflected light of the reference light from the road surface, and the reflected light receiving device separates and receives only reflected light of the reference light out of the reflected light from the road surface.

A pneumatic tire for ice-bound or snow-covered roads, which has fine grooves formed in a tread surface, thereby improving brake and drive performance on ice-bound roads in early periods of wear. This pneumatic tire for ice-bound or snow-covered roads has its tread partitioned into a plurality of lands, these lands being formed with sipes, wherein the tread surface at the lands is formed with a plurality of fine grooves shallower than the sipes, the edges of these fine grooves being curved. Further, the width of the openings of the fine grooves is larger than the width of the bottoms thereof. Further, the angle of the fine grooves with the circumferential direction of the tire is 42 to 60 degrees.

A dual axis tracker is a solar collecting device with fully mobile panel arrays that can be fully rotated 360° and tilted from a 90° position to a 10° position relative to the earth and is easy to maintain and operate. This device has a base support followed by a stable lower column attached thereto and a movable or rotatable upper column that permits full rotation located thereon. This permits the full rotation. A motorized jack is employed to tilt the panel array from the 90° position to a 10°. Since the array is held higher off the ground by a longer lower column, such vertical positioning is achieved in a better manner than prior art devices. Because of these movements more power can be produced in a given amount of time than prior art devices. In addition, during periods of snowfall, this device can collect more radiation off the accumulated snow cover that will surround the device thus taking advantage of said radiation to produce even greater power than previously possible.

A lifting device adapted to be fitted to a tracked vehicle which is configured to operate in snow-covered terrain. The lifting device has an interface member which in one form allows for an interface portion of the mast region to fit to a plurality of commercially available tracked snow vehicles. Further, in one form, the lifting device interfaces with the existing hydraulics of conventional tracked snow vehicles.

A studless tire capable of exhibiting excellent performances on both icy road and snow-covered road, including tread portion 2 having a pair of middle circumferential grooves 3b each extending in a region between 15% and 25% of tread width TW from tire equator C to provide crown region CR between the middle grooves 3b and a pair of shoulder regions Sh between the middle groove 3b and ground contact edge E, wherein the crown region CR includes rows R1, R2 of blocks B having sipes S and defined by zigzag inner circumferential grooves 3a and crown lateral grooves 4a, 4b, each shoulder region Sh includes rows R3, R4 of blocks B having sipes S and defined by linear outer circumferential grooves 3c and shoulder lateral grooves 4c, 4d, and groove area rate Gs (%) of shoulder regions Sh is larger than groove area rate Gc (%) of crown region CR so that the difference (Gs−Gc) is from 3 to 7%.

A pneumatic tire having on-snow performance improved by increasing traction performance on snow-covered road with maintaining dry grip performance high, and comprising tread surface 2 having at least one circumferential main groove 3 in an outer region 2o facing outward of a vehicle, the circumferential main groove 3 being a straight groove wherein ridge lines 21 at which groove wall surfaces 20 intersect with the tread surface 2 extend straight, each groove wall surface 20 comprising a gently-inclined upper wall surface 20U extending from the ridge line 21 at an angle θ1 of 40 to 60° with respect to a normal line to tread surface 2 and a steeply-inclined lower wall surface 20L extending to groove bottom 22 at an angle θ2 smaller than the angle θ1, and the lower wall surface 20L including projections 23 which are disposed at intervals in the circumferential direction and have a triangular cross section with slope surface 23S extending from lower end Ue of the upper wall surface 20U to groove bottom 22 at an angle θ3 which is not greater than the angle θ1 but is greater than the angle θ2.

The invention discloses an urban hydrological simulation system and a simulation method, which relate to the technical field of urban precipitation management. The invention includes a rainfall floodmanagement model, the simulation system includes a time-varying precipitation unit, a surface water evaporation unit, a snow cover and melt unit, a depression interception unit, a soil seepage unit, agroundwater recharge unit, a groundwater and drainage pipe exchange unit, a slope catchment unit, a LID control unit, a region editing unit that are associated with the rainfall flood management model, and the simulation system further comprise a storage module, an aquifer editing module and a groundwater flow editing module. The invention has comprehensive simulation function and can provide comprehensive and representative analysis data through a complete functional system unit structure. The influence of DCIA and TIA setting on runoff generation in urbanization region is analyzed under thepremise of comprehensive consideration of parameters. More objective and accurate reference and opinions are provided for urban planning.

The invention provides a snow making device for a V-shaped insulator chain snow covering test and an operation method thereof. The device comprises a test cabin, a water supply unit and an air supply unit, wherein the air supply unit is arranged in the test cabin; a bracket is arranged at the top in the test cabin; a spraying gun is arranged above the bracket. The improvements are as follows: the spraying gun is respectively connected with the air supply unit and the water supply unit through pipes; insulators are arranged in a V shape and suspended on the bracket; air and water in the spraying gun are mixed and atomized for spraying out from a nozzle to form snow drop in the test cabin; a water way electromagnetic valve and an air way electromagnetic valve can be regulated to adjust the water supply flow and the air supply flow for ensuring that the covered snow dropping on the V-shaped insulator chain satisfies the test requirements. Compared with the prior art, the snow making device for the V-shaped insulator chain snow covering test and the operation method thereof, provided by the invention, can regulate the covered snow position, thickness, density, area, temperature and uniformity on the insulator chain and the snowmelt conductivity to achieve the effective snow covering environment test.

The invention discloses a snow cover prevention control method for a fan of an outdoor unit of an air conditioner. The method comprises the following steps: judging whether the function of snow cover prevention is opened or not when the snow falls; if the function of snow cover prevention is not opened, stopping the function of snow cover prevention; if the function of snow cover prevention is opened, judging whether the outdoor temperature is lower than the set snow removing temperature or not; if the outdoor temperature is higher than the set snow removing temperature, stopping the function of snow cover prevention; if the outdoor temperature is lower than the set temperature removing temperature, judging whether the outdoor unit is in the stop state or not; if the outdoor unit is in the running state, stopping the function of snow cover prevention; and if the outdoor unit is in the stop state, carrying out the function of snow cover prevention. The control logic of applying the function of snow cover prevention is added on the outdoor unit of the air conditioner, therefore, an outdoor switch used for snow cover prevention is added, and the snow is removed by the fan which automatically runs for two minutes in every 30 minutes when the outdoor unit stops and the function of snow cover prevention is opened during snowing.

The invention discloses an accumulated snow coverage measuring and calculating method based on satellite-borne multispectral remote sensing data in the technical field of satellite remote sensing image processing and application. For the problems of cloud interference and under-forest accumulated snow observation existing in a current accumulated snow extraction algorithm, the method comprises thefollowing steps: firstly, dividing a selected area into a forest area and a non-forest area based on different types of land, calculating the accumulated snow coverage rate by using Landsat8 data forthe non-forest area, and performing FY-to-FY observation on the accumulated snow coverage rate; performing wave band operation on the multi-wave band data acquired by the 3B, calculating an NDSI snowindex, fitting a linear regression equation for the resampled snow coverage rate and snow index by combining a least square method, and establishing a function relationship between the snow index andthe snow coverage degree; and for the forest region, establishing a function relationship among the snow coverage, the surface reflectance and the forest transmissivity, and converting the snow coverage into a correlation function based on the forest reflectance. The influence of forest canopy shielding can be reduced, and the under-forest snow coverage information can be effectively extracted.

The present invention is directed toward the determination of soil water content and the water equivalent depth of snow deposited on top of the ground. The apparatus for measuring soil water content consists of one or more cosmic-ray neutron detectors located above the soil surface. The detectors record neutrons in the thermal, epithermal or fast energy bands. Snow water equivalence is determined by using a thermal neutron detector and an epithermal or fast neutron detector. Neutron count rates for all three energy bands decrease monotonically with increasing soil water content. Epithermal and fast neutron count rates decrease monotonically with increased snow water equivalent depth, but thermal neutron count rates increase at first and then decrease with increasing snow cover.

The invention discloses an automatic navigation snow removing robot system. Automatic navigation control over a robot is achieved through a robot management system software program, and thus the robot can automatically cruise and remove snow. According to the provided snow removing robot which can be well suitable for an ice snow covered pavement and is of a crawler chassis structure, the sufficient ground gripping force under the condition of the ice snow covered pavement can be ensured, and the walking stability is ensured; the robot is higher in obstacle crossing ability and pavement adaptability and more stable in walking; the working pressure of operators on duty in a transformer substation is greatly reduced; all-weather and unattended transformer substation intelligent patrol is achieved in a real sense; and the whole system has the characteristics of high automation degree, automatic mounting of a snow removing shovel, automatic detection of accumulated snow depth, automatic alarm of faults, stable in driving and wide patrol range.

A skid for use on a snow blower, where the snow blower includes an auger housing through which snow removed from an area is channeled. The skid includes a body that is secured to a vertical side wall of the auger housing. The body includes a sliding surface which assists the auger housing in sliding over snow-covered regions of the area being cleared; and a rolling surface which assists the auger housing to travel over snow-free regions of the area. A slot is provided in the sliding surface of the skid and a portion of the rolling surface projects for a distance below the sliding surface. An adapter plate may be positioned between the body and the side wall of the auger housing. The adapter plate enables the body to be secured to different makes of auger housing.

The invention discloses a road icing detection and pre-warning system based on an infrared spectrum technology and a method thereof. The system comprises an upper computer system, a digitized control module, a light transmission module, a light receiving module and an information publishing module. The light transmission module transmits infrared optical pulses with different wave lengths under the control of the upper computer system and the digitized control module; the light receiving module can detect reflected light of the optical pulses on the interface of an object to be detected, is in butt joint with the digitized control module through an optical transmitter and receiver or a wireless communication method, and transmits the reflected light to the upper computer system through data conversion; then current road surface condition is evaluated, the road surface condition is displayed timely through the information publishing module, and when a road surface has an icing trend, the system sends an icing alarm. According to the road icing detection and pre-warning system based on the infrared spectrum technology and the method thereof, different road surface condition including dryness, water, ice and snow cover can be effectively detected, dynamic pre-warning of the road surface condition is achieved more flexibly and precisely, and traffic accidents caused by belated road surface condition judgment or published information not in place on severe weather conditions are reduced.

The invention in particular relates to a road which can emit heat. The road is composed of three layers; wherein, a bottom layer is a foot layer, a middle layer is a heating element, and a superficial layer is a heat conduction protective layer; the heating element comprises a plurality of netty heating wires which are connected with each other in a parallel way; the heat conduction protective layer is a layer of asphalt. By utilizing the heating effect that the heating wires heat the road, the snow cover or the ice coating on the road are effectively avoided in winter, and the traffic safety of a car is supplemented.

Multifunctional snow remover includes the body of motor vehicle as well as the snow removal shovel, the snow sweeper and the actuator on the body. The body of the snow removal shovel through the shaft and the adjuster is hinge jointed to the arm of shovel. The end of the arm of shovel is connected to the shovel framework of hinge jointed at the front part of the body. The bracket of the arm of shovel is connected to the rise fall hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic units drive the front and back snow sweepers. One of the snow remover or icebreaker or both of them driven by the hydraulic units are installed between the two snow removers. The invented snow remover possesses the features of high mechanized, easy of operation, high efficiency, without damaging load surface and no pollution.

The invention discloses a drought index construction method based on passive microwave remote sensing. The method comprises the specific steps that an inter-diurnal mask and an inter-monthly mask are constructed, and influences of mixed pixels of edges of a glacier, a snow cover and a water body on AMSR-E data during temperature retrieval are eliminated; a land surface temperature retrieval model is constructed through 10.8GHHz and 89.0GHz vertical polarization channel Tb of AMSR-E and used for performing retrieval on land surface temperature, wherein Tb is brightness temperature data of passive microwave remote sensing; a microwave normalized difference vegetation index model is constructed based on a microwave polarization difference index (MPDI); a dry edge equation and a wet edge equation of an MTVDI model are constructed based on the established land surface temperature retrieval model and vegetation index model; and the MTVDI model is established to simulate and monitor drought throughout the country month by month. The method has the advantages that the defect that visible light/near-infrared remote sensing is liable to influences of meteorological conditions is effectively overcome, and a great improvement is made to a TVDI model.