The invention belongs to the technical field of ocean observation equipment, and discloses an ocean anchorage buoy observation control system, method and device and application. The ocean anchorage buoy observation control system comprises a buoy body, a sensor subsystem, a satellite communication subsystem, a main control subsystem, a data acquisition subsystem, a mooring subsystem, an energy control subsystem, a safety subsystem and a shore-based data receiving station. The ocean anchorage buoy observation control system provided by the invention is an installation carrier of an ocean monitoring instrument, is a comprehensive observation system capable of obtaining ocean atmosphere observation data, and can provide meteorological and hydrological data such as conventional wind speed, profile wind speed and direction, air temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, seawater temperature, seawater salinity, seawater flow velocity, seawater flow direction and the like at regular time. The ocean anchorage buoy observation control system provided by the invention has high requirements on digital sampling, system control, data acquisition, storage and processing functions, also has good stability, and can adapt to ocean working environment requirements.