The invention relates to a pavement structure and a testing device for bridge deck pavement bonding interface shearing-resistance characteristic, which are based on mechanics principle and indoor test, effectively simulate road surface and simulate stress conditions, can realize continuous change with 0-80 degrees of shearing angle, meet needs of different working conditions and are suitable for the design and research of the pavement structure, the indoor test and engineering test. The testing device comprises an upper part and a lower part, each part comprises a bearing board, a rolling shaft, an arc base, a semi-circular clamp, an internal collet and a clamp fixing device. The whole device also comprises an angle dial scale and an angle pointer and other attached parts which are used for indicating the size of the angle. A square testing piece is arranged in the internal collet, the semi-circular clamp and the base can rotate relatively, after the shearing angle is set, the clamp and the base are fixed by the clamp fixing device. The horizontal surface of the other side of the base is contacted with the bearing board in a rolling way by the rolling shaft, so as to lead the device loading to generate vertical displacement and to move horizontally at the same time.