101 results about "Thermodynamic process" patented technology

The present invention discloses the utilization of zeolites for controlled-release of cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions by nano-diffusion technology. The treatment and protection of skin surface requires that certain compositions be delivered to the skin surface and allowed to remain on the skin surface for as long as possible before such ingredients are absorbed into deeper layers of skin and carried into the bloodstream. Zeolites do not absorb into the skin, which is useful for topical delivery of cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions, for example antiaging, anti-wrinkle, antioxidants, skin whitening, acne treatment, rosacea treatment, sun screens, UV blocks, anesthetics, skin soothers, anti-irritants, anti-inflammatory agents, vitamins, hormones, and such that are electronically attached to the outer surfaces of such zeolites and are released to the outer surface of skin by a diffusion-controlled thermodynamic process.

A method for generating power comprising the steps of feeding water into an electrolyzer, providing electricity to operate the electrolyzer to split at least some of the water into hydrogen and oxygen, and decompressing one or both of the hydrogen and oxygen to generate power. Water can be pressurized prior to being fed into the electrolyzer. The hydrogen and oxygen, which can be stored in insulated storage vessels, can be decompressed isentropically to yield energy, which can be used to power a generator. Heat can be extracted from the hydrogen and oxygen, such as through heat exchangers. Hydrogen and oxygen can combine in an internal combustion process to produce work and heat, which can be recycled into the thermodynamic process.

A computer system to schedule loads across a set of processor cores is described. During operation, the computer system receives a process to be executed. Next, the computer system obtains one or more thermodynamic process characteristics associated with the process and one or more thermodynamic processor-core characteristics associated with operation of the set of processor cores. Then, the computer system schedules the process to be executed by at least one of the processor cores based on the one or more thermodynamic process characteristics and the one or more thermodynamic processor-core characteristics.

Devices and methods for moving a working fluid through a controlled thermodynamic cycle in a positive displacement fluid-handling device (20, 20′, 20″) with minimal energy input include continuously varying the relative compression and expansion ratios of the working fluid in respective compressor and expander sections without diminishing volumetric efficiency. In one embodiment, a rotating valve plate arrangement (40, 42, 44, 46) is provided with moveable apertures or windows (48, 50, 56, 58) for conducting the passage of the working fluid in a manner which enables on-the-fly management of the thermodynamic efficiency of the device (20) under varying conditions in order to maximize the amount of mechanical work needed to move the target quantity of heat absorbed and released by the working fluid. When operated in refrigeration modes, the work required to move the heat is minimized. In power modes, the work extracted for the given input heat is maximized.

Apparatus, systems, methods, and related computer program products for generating and implementing thermodynamic models of a structure. Thermostats disclosed herein are operable to control an HVAC system. In controlling the HVAC system, a need to determine an expected indoor temperature profile for a particular schedule of setpoint temperatures may arise. To make such a determination, a thermodynamic model of the structure may be used. The thermodynamic model may be generated by fitting weighting factors of a set of basis functions to a variety of historical data including time information, temperature information, and HVAC actuation state information. The set of basis functions characterize an indoor temperature trajectory of the structure in response to a change in HVAC actuation state, and include an inertial carryover component that characterizes a carryover of a rate of indoor temperature change that was occurring immediately prior to the change in actuation state.

A new thermodynamic cycle is disclosed for converting energy from a low temperature stream from an external source into useable energy using a working fluid comprising of a mixture of a low boiling component and a higher boiling component and including a higher pressure circuit and a lower pressure circuit. The cycle is designed to improve the efficiency of the energy extraction process by mixing the liquid stream from the high pressure circuit with the spent low pressure circuit stream forming a lean system that can be condensed at a low pressure. The new thermodynamic process and the system for accomplishing it are especially well-suited for streams from low-temperature geothermal sources.

Devices and methods for moving a working fluid through a controlled thermodynamic cycle in a positive displacement fluid-handling device (20, 20′, 20″) with minimal energy input include continuously varying the relative compression and expansion ratios of the working fluid in respective compressor and expander sections without diminishing volumetric efficiency. In one embodiment, a rotating valve plate arrangement (40, 42, 44, 46) is provided with moveable apertures or windows (48, 50, 56, 58) for conducting the passage of the working fluid in a manner which enables on-the-fly management of the thermodynamic efficiency of the device (20) under varying conditions in order to maximize the amount of mechanical work needed to move the target quantity of heat absorbed and released by the working fluid. When operated in refrigeration modes, the work required to move the heat is minimized. In power modes, the work extracted for the given input heat is maximized.

A prediction method for thermodynamic responses and fatigue-creep damage of a high-chrome steel material is disclosed. The method includes constitutive model building, material parameter determination, numerical integration algorithm designing, damage analyzing, and the like. Compared with the prior art, the method can accurately simulate thermodynamic responses of the high-chrome steel material under different loading conditions, and can analyze fatigue, creep and fatigue-creep mutual damage of the material, thus providing a more reasonable and reliable theoretical model for service lifetimeprediction and safety design standards of supercritical generator unit components operated under complex changeable environments.

The invention provides a motor thermodynamic model-based over-temperature protection method for an electric power-assisted steering system. The method comprises the following steps of: establishing a motor thermodynamic model which represents a relationship between heat which is generated and dissipated during operation of a motor and the temperature of the motor; sampling the current of the motor and the temperature of a control module; calculating the current estimation temperature of the motor by using the current of the motor, the temperature of the control module and the motor thermodynamic model; comparing the calculated estimation temperature of the motor with the range of a normal operation temperature threshold value of the motor; and limiting the current of the motor if the estimation temperature of the motor is not in the range of the temperature threshold value. The method has the advantages of low implementation cost, simple technology and high accuracy.

In a method for controlling a thermodynamic process, in particular a combustion process, in which the system status (st) is measured, compared with optimization targets (rj), and in which suitable setting actions (ai) are performed in the system for controlling it, a process model (PM) is determined that is independent of the optimization targets (rj) and which describes the effects of actions (at) on the system status (st), and in which a situational evaluation (SB) that is independent of the process model (PM) evaluates the system status (st) by means of quality functions (ut) with regard to the optimization targets (rj).

An infrared imaging camera (4) acquires a plurality of frames (94) of infrared radiation from a patient (P) positioned in a field-of-view (92) of the camera (4). Each frame (94) is acquired during a corresponding frame sample interval and each frame (94) corresponds to the infrared radiation acquired from an array of optical elements (90) in the field-of-view (92) during its frame sample interval. Plural integrals are determined from infrared radiation received from the array of optical elements (90), with each integral corresponding to the infrared radiation received from the same optical element (90) in at least two frames (94). Each integral is mapped to a color or a shade of gray and the color or shade of gray of each integral is mapped to a position in an image corresponding to the position of the corresponding optical element (90) in the field-of-view (92). The camera (4) can be used for early detection of neoplastic disease process, detection of angiogenesis and / or identification of treatment sites for pain management therapeutic modalities.

A thermal machine that can function as either a refrigerator or an external combustion heat engine is disclosed. A working gas undergoes four thermodynamic processes that comprise a Brayton cycle. Two of these processes, adiabatic compression and adiabatic expansion, take place in the same cylinder, within which a piston, driven by a crankshaft, reciprocates. The remaining two processes, each of which is a transfer of heat at constant pressure, take place in a high pressure heat exchanger and a low pressure heat exchanger. A rotary valve, rotating at one-half crankshaft speed, creates passages between the cylinder and the heat exchangers, and is constructed so that compression and expansion ratios are equal.

The invention discloses a servo control system for simulating air pressure of an aircraft. The servo control system comprises a positive pressure source, a negative pressure source, and a pressure sensor, a controller and servo valves that are connected in sequence. The servo valves comprise a first servo valve and a second servo valve. The first servo valve and the second servo valve are used for enabling the positive pressure source and the negative pressure source to be communicated with an air pressure stimulation chamber so that the simulated air pressure P of the air pressure stimulation chamber is changed. The pressure sensor is used for detecting the simulated air pressure P and sending the air pressure to the controller. The controller is used for controlling the opening degree of the servo valves according to instruction signals I. In this way, the rate of rises of drops of the simulated air pressure P is changed. Multiple control valves are adopted to replace a single control valve to conduct associated adjusting of air inflation and air exhaust, differences of a controlled accommodation chamber during an air inflation and exhaust thermodynamic process are made up, pressure control is prevented from being affected due to malfunctioning of the valves, and the pressure change of the controlled accommodation chamber is made to be more steady.

A system for a thermodynamic cycle with a circuit for a working medium, wherein a medium quantity-variation device is provided, which is connected to the circuit in such a way and so configured that the quantity of working medium present in the circuit is changeable by the medium quantity-variation device during the operation of the system.

A new thermodynamic cycle is disclosed for converting energy from a low temperature stream from an external source into useable energy using a working fluid comprising of a mixture of a low boiling component and a higher boiling component and including a higher pressure circuit and a lower pressure circuit. The cycle is designed to improve the efficiency of the energy extraction process by mixing the liquid stream from the high pressure circuit with the spent low pressure circuit stream forming a lean system that can be condensed at a low pressure. The new thermodynamic process and the system for accomplishing it are especially well-suited for streams from low-temperature geothermal sources.

The invention relates to a particle swarm optimization algorithm identification-based gas turbine component characteristic line correction method. On the basis of the particle swarm optimization algorithm identification-based gas turbine component characteristic line correction method, the component characteristic lines of gas turbines can be simply and effectively corrected to be matched with real component characteristic lines of actual target gas turbines, so that the thermodynamic calculation precision is greatly improved and the negative influences caused by inaccuracy of thermodynamic models to gas circuit performance diagnosis results can be effectively eliminated. The method provided by the invention is suitable for correcting the component characteristic lines of a set of gas turbines with a same model and correcting the component characteristic lines of known other models of gas turbines, the corrected component characteristic lines of thermodynamic models are matched with the real component characteristic lines of the actual target gas turbines, so that the thermodynamic calculation precision is improved and a foundation is laid for correct unit performance analysis and gas circuit diagnosis.

In a method for regulating a thermodynamic process, in which process variables in the system are measured, predictions are calculated in a neural network on the basis of a trained, current process model and compared with optimization objectives and actions suitable for regulating the process are carried out in the system, at the same time the process is automatically analyzed and at least one new process model is formed, trained and compared with the current process model with respect to the predictions.

The invention provides a thermodynamic cycle type medical apparatus containing and sterilizing device, and belongs to the technical field of medical sterilization. The thermodynamic cycle type medicalapparatus containing and sterilizing device comprises a supporting device and a containing and sterilizing device, wherein an electric heating wire is arranged on the upper surface of a fan; the twosides of the lower surface of an apparatus placing box body are connected with a heating box through guide tubes; contact parts of the guide tubes and supporting plates are equipped with rotary rings;three groups of apparatus placing screen boards arranged in an inner cavity of the apparatus placing box body through supporting blocks; a condensing tube is arranged in an inner cavity of a condensing box; and the bottom of the right side of the condensing box is equipped with a water draining tube. According to the thermodynamic cycle type medical apparatus containing and sterilizing device provided by the invention, a steam sterilizing device is fixedly arranged at the left end of the apparatus placing box body, so that a steam sterilizing function is achieved on apparatuses in the apparatus placing box body; an ultraviolet-ray sterilizer is arranged at the upper end of the inner cavity of the apparatus placing box body, and an ultraviolet-ray mode is adopted to sterilize apparatus. The device has the characteristics of being simple in structure, strong in practicability and good in sterilizing effect.

The invention provides a ring heat exchanger of a sterling heat engine. The ring heat exchanger comprises a ring heat exchanger main body and a plurality of connecting pipes which are arranged at two ends of the ring heat exchanger main body. The interior of the ring heat exchanger is provided with at least two heat exchange channels in a centrosymmetrical distribution manner, and the symmetrical center is the center of the central channel; two ends of each heat exchange channel are respectively provided with a connecting pipe; a heat exchange wall between the heat exchange channels is internally provided with a plurality of heat exchange holes; and heat exchange plates are distributed on the surface of the ring heat exchanger. The ring heat exchanger of the sterling heat engine provided by the invention has the advantages that a plurality of working chambers of each individual heat exchanger of the sterling heat engine are integrated into a whole, and the heat exchanging demands of the working chambers at each thermodynamic process are satisfied; the heat exchange area between the heat exchanger and a heat source is increased effectively, the heat exchange capability is strengthened, and the existing water cooling system can be completely replaced by a wind cooling system; the ring heat exchanger is especially used for a sterling invertible heat engine, the space is utilized fully, and the volume of the whole ring heat exchanger is smaller.

The invention discloses an electricity-gas comprehensive energy system unified energy flow calculation method considering natural gas thermodynamic process. The method mainly comprises the following steps: 1) establishing an equipment model considering a natural gas system thermodynamic process; wherein the equipment model comprises a natural gas pipeline model and a compressor model. 2) based onthe equipment model, establishing electricity-; the invention discloses a unified energy flow solving model of a gas comprehensive energy system. The unified energy flow solving model of the electricity-gas comprehensive energy system comprises a natural gas system model, a power system model and a coupling element model. And 3) calculating the energy flow of the electric-gas integrated energy system to be detected by using the unified energy flow solving model of the electric-gas integrated energy system. The method can reflect the temperature change condition of the natural gas caused by thethermodynamic process and the influence of the temperature change condition on other state variables in the system more accurately.

The invention relates to the technical fields of biological computing and Monte Carlo simulation, and particularly discloses a Monte Carlo simulation-based protein thermomechanical-analysis method, which comprises the following steps of A, determining a protein energy model; B, simulating and calculating the state density of a protein system. According to the method, the whole thermomechanical process of protein folding can be efficiently analyzed and researched to further explore and research a protein folding process.

Heat engine (1) for converting heat into useful work, comprising a first storage arrangement (2A) for a working gas, wherein said storage arrangement (2A) is divided into a first cold chamber (3A) and a first warm chamber (4A), and a first movable piston arrangement (5A) is configured in such a way that it changes the overall volume of the first storage arrangement (2A) and presses the working gas to and fro between the two first chambers (3A, 4A), characterized in that the heat engine (1) comprises a second storage arrangement (2B) for the working gas, wherein said second storage arrangement (2B) is divided into a second cold chamber (3B) and a second warm chamber (4B), and a second movable piston arrangement (5B) is configured in such a way that it changes the overall volume of the second storage arrangement (2B) and presses the working gas to and fro between the two second chambers (3B, 4B), and that a connection (6) between the first and the second storage arrangement (2A, 2B) is provided for a part quantity of the working gas to be exchanged between the two storage arrangements (2A, 2B) at least during a predefined constellation of the two piston arrangements (5A, 5B).

The invention discloses a household energy management algorithm based on a building thermodynamic model. The algorithm comprises that an indoor and outdoor heat transfer model of a building is established; and thermodynamic modules of main household power utilization loads as an air conditioner, a water heater and a refrigerator are established. Different factors including the heat exchange rate, the sun heat radiation intensity and the material thermal capacity are taken into consideration in the models, change of electricity price of the electrical network in the optimization process is considered to achieve the economically optimal target on the premise that the resident power utilization requirement is met, the power consumption of users in the peak period is transferred to the valley period in the aspect of the electrical network, the utilization rate of power utilization equipment is improved, the pressure of peak load regulation of the electrical network is reduced, and a win-win effect is achieved.

The invention relates to a method for measuring a cement-based material pore structure, in particular to a thermodynamic pore counting method for measuring internal micropore total volume, micropore shape, porosity, pore radius distribution and the like of a cement-based material. The invention provides a new calculation model for representing the cement-based material pore structure to overcome the defects of the thermodynamic pore counting method in theory from the thermodynamic angle, and then establishes the thermodynamic pore counting method for measuring the cement-based material pore structure by taking the characteristics of the cement-based material into consideration. Compared with other methods, the measuring method has the advantage of avoiding microstructure change caused by vacuum, so that the pore total volume of the micropore, the micropore shape, the porosity and the pore radius distribution can be analyzed and the corresponding relationship between ice and temperature in the cement-based material can be simulated by the thermodynamic pore counting method, and the thermodynamic pore counting method can be applied to further explaining mechanical and thermodynamic performance change mechanisms of the cement-based material at low temperature.

The invention discloses a stirling thermoelectric generation mechanism which belongs to the energy field, mainly faces thermoelectric generation and aims at utilizing low-temperature difference residual heat or residual cool. A steam engine based on Rankine cycle utilizes high-pressure steam generated in the water gasification process to push a steam turbine to do work, and the heat energy is converted into the electric energy, so that the steam engine is usually used for recovering industrial residual heat with the temperature being 400-600 DEG C; as for the residual heat with the temperature lower than 200 DEG C, an organic working substance with the boiling point smaller than that of water is adopted, namely an organic Rankine cycle residual heat power generation technology is adopted, but complex thermodynamic process including phase transition of the organic working substance is involved, so that the system has a complex structure, is high in cost and is not widely applied in China at present. According to the stirling thermoelectric generation mechanism disclosed by the invention, with the traditional stirling engine as a basis, a novel gas distribution piston structure made of a heat conductive material is added, the heat exchange efficiency of working gas and residual heat or residual cool storage working substance is improved, the residual heat or residual cool with a temperature difference lower than 200 DEG C is recovered, and the problems of complex structure and high cost caused by phase transition of the organic working substance are solved.

The invention provides a method for simulating a solid combustion process based on a thermodynamic model. The method comprises the following four steps of: a pre-calculation stage which is used for treating changes of details such as geometrical information of the model surface and the texture color of the model after combusted; a stage of flame diffusion calculation of the object surface, which is used for calculating the combustion range of the flame on the model surface at the next time by using thermodynamic model iteration according to the combustion state of the current model; a stage of deformation calculation of a flame object, which is used for calculating the deformation calculation degree of the model by combining the material characteristic of the model surface according to the flame diffusion range and the combustion state; and a non-photorealistic rendering stage, which is used for implementing the non-photorealistic rendering for the flame and the model according to the combustion state of the object in a virtual scene. The method provided by the invention can be used for simulating the flame diffusion on the object surface in the combustion process based on a GPU (Ground Power Unit) and simulating the deformation calculation process of the object due to the combustion, can also be used for implementing the realistic rendering for the flame, and has the characteristics of good real-time performance and strong physical realism.

The present invention discloses a method for preparing manganese-doped perovskite quantum dots capable of emitting high-brightness white light, wherein the manganese-doped perovskite quantum dots are Mn:CsPb2(Br / Cl)5. The preparation method comprises: (1) respectively dissolving PbBr2, CH3(CH2)5NH3Br, MnCl2.4H2O and CsBr in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) to prepare a reactant precursor solution; and (2) sequentially transferring the precursor solution into stirred toluene to form the quantum dot material, wherein the transferring method is adding at a rate of 20-60 drops / min in a dropwise manner. According to the present invention, the Mn doping can be controlled and induced without the complex thermodynamic process, the method has advantages of mild reaction condition, simple process and convenient operation, the precursor solution has good stability and can be used repeatedly a plurality of times, and the method is suitable for industrial promotion.