The invention provides a test system and method for a turbine blade integrated thin film temperature sensor, which solves the problem that the existing turbine blade integrated thin film temperature sensor cannot adopt an industrial thermocouple temperature measurement calibration mode. The system comprises a heating box, an instantaneous heating unit, an imaging unit, a standard thermocouple, a check meter and a control unit, wherein the instantaneous heating unit comprises a laser, a condensation unit and a rotary table; the condensation unit is located outside the observation opening in the side wall of the heating box and on an emergent light path of the laser; the condensation unit is arranged on the rotary table; the imaging unit is arranged outside the observation opening of the heating box; the number of the standard thermocouples is equal to that of the thin film temperature sensors on the turbine blade to be measured, and the positions are in one-to-one correspondence; the thin film temperature sensor and the standard thermocouple are respectively connected with the check meter; the control unit controls the emergent energy of the laser and is connected with the rotary table; and the control unit compares the temperatures obtained by the thin film temperature sensor and the standard thermocouple, and judges whether the performance of the thin film temperature sensor is qualified or not.