The invention discloses a high polymer material ultraviolet laser 3D (three-dimensional) printing method and device for precise temperature control. The device comprises a thermostat, a laser head, a non-contact type temperature monitoring device, a scanning galvanometer, a machining platform, a powder paving device, a machining material and a computer control system. The laser head adopts a dual-tube core structure, an inner tube and an outer tube are coaxially fixed, one or more than one gradual-change neutral filter piece is arranged between the two tubes, and the laser transmittance of the filter piece(s) is radially reduced from the inner tube to the outer tube. The method comprises the following steps: presetting the machining temperature by the control system, in the process of machining, monitoring the temperature rise condition of an object to be machined in real time under the irradiation of laser by the non-contact type temperature monitoring device, feeding back to the control system, recording the increased value of the temperature within a certain time, and obtaining the absorption capability of the material to be machined to the laser and the temperature rise degree by the system, so that according to the preset machining temperature value, the laser output power can be calculated, the laser power can be timely adjusted, and the machining temperature can be precisely controlled.