The invention discloses a power transmission and transformation system risk early warning method. The method includes the following steps that: S1, a power transmission line risk assessment establishing overall framework is established, a risk assessment model is established according to each component of a power transmission line, the quantization of state quantities is established, and the degrees of membership of the state quantities are solved; and S2, a calculation method and an evaluation standard for the correction of the risk value of the power transmission line by the operating years and operating environment of equipment and the operation status of a power grid are determined, and the aging coefficients of the components, the operating environment time coefficient and geographical position coefficient of the power transmission line are defined. With the power transmission and transformation system risk early warning method of the invention adopted, an interval of the power transmission line, where a fault occurs, can be determined more accurately, fault inspection can be performed in a targeted manner, the inspection range of line fault inspectors can be decreased, line fault inspection time can be decreased, the cause of the fault of the power transmission line can be determined more accurately, and the efficiency of fault analysis can be improved.