91 results about "Proportionality factor" patented technology

The driving voltage of the motor is incremented a quantity proportional to the speed of the motor according to a proportionality factor that is adjusted to compensate the back electromotive force. A method includes open-loop voltage control of a DC motor having a certain design speed constant, through a driving signal that is determined for imparting a certain acceleration to the motor and by generating a driving voltage of an output power stage to which the winding of the motor is connected as a function of the driving signal.

The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, particularly relates to a method and a device of the uplink power control, used for realizing the uplink power control of UE (user equipment) in a scene of inter-band CA. The method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: determining a transmitting power value of an uplink channel of each carrier wave by the user equipment; when the sum of the transmitting power values of all the uplink channels in all frequency bands is larger than the maximum transmitting power value allowed by the user equipment, reducing the power according to the maximum transmitting power value allowed by the user equipment and a power reduction proportionality factor corresponding to each frequency band so that the sum of the reduced transmitting power values of all uplink channels in all the frequency bands is not larger than the maximum transmitting power value allowed by the user equipment. The uplink power control of the UE can be realized in the scene of inter-band CA by adopting the method and the device provided by the embodiment of the invention.

The invention provides a single phase ground fault section locating method in a small current grounding system, which includes the following steps: step 1, recording the zero mode voltage and the zero mode current of the previous period and the next period of the single phase ground fault time when the single phase ground fault occurs to the small current grounding system; step 2, selecting the highest frequency intrinsic mode function component after decomposing the transient zero mode power pure fault component of the single phase ground fault time through empirical mode decomposition; step 3, obtaining the approximate entropy proportionality factor of the highest frequency intrinsic mode function component of each detecting section through the approximate entropy value of the high frequency intrinsic mode function component of each detecting section; and step 4, comparing the approximate entropy proportionality factor of the highest frequency intrinsic mode function component of each detecting section with the preset first threshold in the main station, so as to find out the section with the single phase ground fault. The single phase ground fault section locating method has the characteristics of high detecting precision and universality, and can be widely applied to the power system.

The invention relates to a low-voltage traversing control method for a double-fed wind power generation system, which belongs to the technical field of wind power generation. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, the stator flux and the rotor flux of a double-fed generator are calculated according to the stator current and the rotor current of the double-fed generator which are measured by a current sensor; secondly, the stator flux is multiplied by a corresponding proportionality factor to serve as the set value of the rotor flux of the double-fed generator, so as to control therotor flux; and thirdly, the rotor flux is controlled in the way that as feedforward compensation decoupling is performed, closed-loop control is conducted to the decoupled system, and a rotor-side converter is controlled after pulse-width modulation is conducted to the obtained voltage control quantity of a rotor-side converter, so as to achieve low-voltage traversing control during failures. The low-voltage traversing control method provided by the invention has fast response, and very good traversing effect when symmetrical and asymmetrical drop failures of the network voltage occur, meanwhile, and oscillation of output electromagnetic torque of the double-fed generator can be effectively inhibited. The control method is simple and suitable for engineering application.

A method and an apparatus for controlling a ventilator to automatically adjust ventilation assistance to an active or passive subject. The method includes determining volume and flow rate of gas to the patient during inspiration on an ongoing basis, and generating control signals in proportion to the volume and flow rate of gas to the patient wherein proportionality factors, and support levels for the elastic and resistive components of pressure are automatically adjusted by the ventilator. The ongoing pressure applied by the ventilator is a sum of elastic and resistive pressures that are automatically controlled by the system. When the patient breathes spontaneously, the support levels are automatically adjusted based on the patient's requirements. If the patient does not breathe spontaneously, the ventilator provides ventilation at an optimal level and rate. The method may be used in weaning or in a management phase of ventilation.

A pressure type flow control device enabling a reduction in size and an installation cost by accurately controlling the flow of a fluid in a wide flow range. Specifically, the flow of the fluid flowing in an orifice (8) is calculated as Qc=KP1 (K is a proportionality factor) or Qc=KP2m(P1−P2)n (K is a proportionality factor and m and n are constants) by using a pressure P1 on the upstream side of the orifice and a pressure P2 on the downstream side of the orifice. A fluid passage between the downstream side of the control valve of the flow control device and a fluid feed pipe is formed of at least two or more fluid passages positioned parallel with each other. Orifices with different fluid flow characteristics are interposed in the fluid passages positioned parallel with each other. For the control of the fluid in a small flow area, the fluid in the small flow area is allowed to flow to one orifice. For the control of the flow in the large flow area, the fluid in the large flow area is allowed to flow to the other orifice by switching the fluid passages.

The invention discloses a sea surface wind measurement method based on an X-band marine radar and belongs to the technical field of marine dynamic environment remote sensing. The measurement method comprises three parts of radar image preprocessing, wind direction measurement and wind speed measurement. In the wind direction measurement indexes, image gradient, gray level and smoothing item are organically combined, the proportion of the image gradient, the gray level and the smoothing item is adjusted through proportionality factor and a model suitable for the sea surface wind characteristic is established, compared with the prior art, the wind direction measurement precision is improved by 68.4 percent. In the wind speed measurement indexes, when the radar is used for measuring individually, normalized radar cross section (NRCS), the actually measured wind direction and signal to noise ratio (SNR) serve as back propagation (BP) network input, compared with the traditional algorithm, the wind speed measurement precision is improved by over 84 percent. In the wind speed measurement indexes, sea boundary layer parameters serve as addition input of the BP network, so that the wind speed measurement precision of the marine radar can be further improved, and the measurement precision is improved by over 48 percent by taking air-sea temperature difference, salinity, sea level and atmospheric pressure into consideration.

Aspects of the present disclosure describe systems and methods for calibrating a metrology tool by using proportionality factors. The proportionality factors may be obtained by measuring a substrate under different measurement conditions. Then calculating the measured metrology value and one or more quality merits. From this information, proportionality factors may be determined. Thereafter the proportionality factors may be used to quantify the inaccuracy in a metrology measurement. The proportionality factors may also be used to determine an optimize measurement recipe. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract that will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

PID control performs integral control using an integral value of a deviation between a set temperature and current temperature, and therefore when a proportionality factor Kp is large, a fixing belt 230 reaches a target temperature quickly but a subsequent overshoot increases. On the other hand, when the proportionality factor Kp is small, the output is reduced gradually, and therefore the fixing belt 230 reaches a target temperature slowly but the overshoot is small. Thus, a heat value control section 300 changes the control value of the PID control according to the temperature (belt temperature) a fixing belt 230 at the start of heating of detected by a temperature detector 270. More specifically, a proportionality factor Kp of a calculation expression of the PID calculation is changed according to the belt temperature of the fixing belt 230. This makes it possible to reduce an overshoot when the temperature of the fixing belt 230 increases.

PID control performs integral control using an integral value of a deviation between a set temperature and current temperature. In particular, when a proportionality factor Kp is large, a fixing belt reaches a target temperature quickly but overshoot increases. On the other hand, when the proportionality factor Kp is small, the output is reduced gradually, and therefore the fixing belt reaches a target temperature slowly but the overshoot is small. Thus, a heat value control section changes the control value of the PID control according to the temperature (belt temperature) of a fixing belt at the start of heating as detected by a temperature detector. More specifically, a proportionality factor Kp of a calculation expression of the PID calculation is changed according to the belt temperature of the fixing belt. This makes it possible to reduce an overshoot when the temperature of the fixing belt increases.

The invention proposes a method for transmitting a data file containing a content of known duration encoded at an encoding rate that is higher than the channel transmission rate. The proposed method comprises the steps of: downloading the data by using a transport protocol with rate control (like TCP) during a first period of time, and streaming the data by using a transport protocol without rate control (like UDP) during a second period of time. The second period of time (streaming) is proportional to the known duration of the content. Advantageously, the proportionality factor is equal to one. Application transmission of audio / video via Internet.

The invention discloses a ground static target real-time identifying and tracking method, belongs to the field of imaging target automatic identification, and aims to identify small targets in high-resolution sequence images more accurately and feed identification results (target positions) back to a servo system in real time. The method comprises a temperature generation step, a low-resolution global identification step, a high-resolution local identification step, and a state transfer and judgment step. Aiming at normalized product correlation, the method has the characteristics of no influence of proportionality factor error, strong anti-white noise interference capacity and large calculation amount; and a method combining scene matching under a condition of low resolution and local exact matching under the condition of high resolution is adopted, so that the method reduces the calculation amount, effectively solves the problem of real-time exact identification of high-resolution small targets, meets the requirements on real-time of processing speed and the accuracy of identification under the condition of the high resolution, and has strong adaptability and simple calculation and operation.

The invention relates to a high precision strip rolling thickness control method based on feedback signals from a thickness gauge, belonging to the technical field of automatic control of strip rolling. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, inputting rolling system data and strip data; step 2, determining the proportionality factor K of the thickness-control object; step 3, setting a tracking length of the strip sampling; step 4, carrying out multipoint acquisition on the thickness difference delta h measured value of the length Ls(i) of each strip sampling by a computer; step 5, determining delta s(i). The invention has the advantages of proposing length tracking of strip sampling, solving the problem that delay time changes with rolling speed in traditional methods, applying Smith predictive control method to monitoring AGC system, giving the control rate when the controller is under the integrated form; therefore, compared with the traditional control method, the invention not only has rapid response speed, but also has higher static control precision, so the invention can be widely promoted to strip rolling factories to improve the thickness and precision of strip products.

The invention discloses a method for controlling a wind turbine to participate in power grid frequency modulation based on virtual inertia and a pitch angle. The method comprises the following steps:when a frequency deviation exists between the rated power of a system power grid and the current frequency, calculating a proportionality factor of a tracking curve of the sub-optimal rotating speed-active power of the wind turbine under the control of the virtual inertia; calculating a reference power of an inverter at a rotor side under the control of the virtual inertia; calculating an introduced electromagnetic power at the rotor side inverter according to the frequency change rate, and accumulating the introduced electromagnetic power and the reference power to obtain a total electromagnetic power of the rotor side inverter; calculating the rotating speed deviation of the wind turbine, and adopting the rotating speed deviation of the wind turbine to calculate the electromagnetic powervariation of the rotor side inverter; obtaining an active power of a pitch angle mechanism according to the total electromagnetic power and the electromagnetic power variation, and calculating the pitch angle of the pitch angle mechanism by adopting the active power of the pitch angle mechanism; and controlling the wind turbine to increase captured wind energy and inject the active power into thepower grid according to the pitch angle.

An apparatus for measuring an object temperature of an object, and including at least one heating apparatus having at least one heating element for heating an object via electromagnetic radiation. Also included is at least one first radiation detector that detects radiation coming from the object within a first field of vision, and, for determining correction parameters, a measuring device that detects the electromagnetic radiation that reaches the first field of vision from the at least one heating element up to a proportionality factor or a known intensity-dependent function.

The invention relates to the technical field of PID control, in particular to a control method and a control system thereof using a PID algorithm. In the improved PID algorithm, besides four basic peripheral parameters, such as a sampling period, a proportionality factor, an integral coefficient and a differential coefficient, six peripheral parameters such as an initial difference, a dead zone difference, a dead zone integral value, a differential period, an integral weighting coefficient and an integral value upper limit are added, and a method for calculating the integral value is also changed, so that through the control method and the control system, intensity reaction can be more reasonably performed and ideal control accuracy can be obtained by more methods.

The invention belongs to the field of relay protection of a power system, and relates to a split-phase differential protection method based on scalar product brake criterion normalization. The method comprises the following steps of: acquiring the currents on the two sides of a transmission line by utilizing current transformers (CTs) on the two sides of the transmission line; calculating the amplitude values, the phase angles and the phase angle difference between the currents on the two sides by utilizing a full-wave Fourier algorithm; if the phase angle difference between the currents on the two sides is less than 120 degrees, determining that an internal fault exists, performing the protection action of tripping; and if the phase angle difference between the currents on the two sides is more than 120 degrees, turning to the amplitude value judgment below: first, judging whether the amplitude values of the currents on the two sides are both greater than three times the rated current of the primary side of the CT, wherein if the amplitude values are both greater than three times the rated current of the primary side of the CT, the proportionality factor K=2, and if the amplitude values are not greater than three times the rated current of the primary side of the CT, the proportionality factor K=0.8; and then calculating the ratio of the smaller amplitude value to the greater amplitude value of the currents on the two sides, wherein if the ratio is less than the K, determining that an internal fault exists, and performing the protection action of tripping. According to the split-phase current differential protection method of the transmission line provided by the invention, the sensitivity of the internal fault and the selectivity of an external fault are taken into consideration.

A method and an apparatus for controlling a ventilator to automatically adjust ventilation assistance to an active or passive subject. The method includes determining volume and flow rate of gas to the patient during inspiration on an ongoing basis, and generating control signals in proportion to the volume and flow rate of gas to the patient wherein proportionality factors, and support levels for the elastic and resistive components of pressure are automatically adjusted by the ventilator. The ongoing pressure applied by the ventilator is a sum of elastic and resistive pressures that are automatically controlled by the system. When the patient breathes spontaneously, the support levels are automatically adjusted based on the patient's requirements. If the patient does not breathe spontaneously, the ventilator provides ventilation at an optimal level and rate. The method may be used in weaning or in a management phase of ventilation.

A method for calculating coordinate values of a measuring machine is provided. The method includes receiving signals in three dimensions from a raster ruler signal generator, identifying a direction of each signal and multiply a frequency of each signal. The method further includes counting each of multiplied signals in each dimension, sending the counted data to the MCU. The method further includes adding the counted data of each of the multiplied signals in each dimension to obtain an accumulated number in each dimension and calculating coordinate values of the measuring machine according to the accumulated number in each dimension and a proportionality factor of the raster ruler signal generator.

Aspects of the present disclosure describe systems and methods for calibrating a metrology tool by using proportionality factors. The proportionality factors may be obtained by measuring a substrate under different measurement conditions. Then calculating the measured metrology value and one or more quality merits. From this information, proportionality factors may be determined. Thereafter the proportionality factors may be used to quantify the inaccuracy in a metrology measurement. The proportionality factors may also be used to determine an optimize measurement recipe. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract that will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

A power factor correction converter includes an output voltage error amplifier which functions as a proportioning device in a low-frequency range in order to stabilize the output voltage by feedback control and obtains a reference current amplitude value vm by multiplying an error ev between a desired output voltage value Vref and a detected output voltage value vo by a predetermined proportionality factor. A factor element multiplies the reference current amplitude value by a predetermined factor and adds the resulting value to a reference value to obtain a desired output voltage value. The factor element functions as a low-pass filter by changing the desired output voltage value Vref in accordance with the reference current amplitude value vm in a low-frequency range and reducing the factor value in a high-frequency range.

The present invention provides a traction control method for a tracked vehicle such as a military tank. The method includes calculating a track proportionality factor and a vehicle proportionality factor based on predefined attributes of the tracked vehicle. A minimum turn radius of the tracked vehicle is calculated based on the velocity of the tracked vehicle, the maximum coefficient of friction between the tracks of the tracked vehicle and the ground (0.7), and gravitational acceleration (9.80665 m / s2). A sprocket rotational speed is calculated based on the pitch diameter of the tracked vehicle sprockets and the velocity of the tracked vehicle. Based on the preceding calculations, the method of the present invention calculates a required track speed differential configured to turn the tracked vehicle at the minimum turn radius. If a commanded turn radius is less than the minimum turn radius, the track speed differential of the tracked vehicle is limited to the required track speed differential to prevent the tracked vehicle from slipping.

The invention relates to a scanning device, in particular to a type-B ultrasonic constant sector scanning moving device which includes a dial on an X-Y plane driven by a motor, a balance arranged on the dial and a slide block which is driven by the balance and can move flatly along the directions of an X shaft and a Z shaft. A swing body provided with a type-B ultrasonic probe is connected with the slide block through a rotary shaft. The swing body can swing along the Y-shaft direction on the X-Z plane; wherein, the slide block is provided with a plane cam swing slot driven by the balance and a contour line of the plane cam swing slot meets an equations set; wherein, d relates to a projection of the distance between the balance and the center of the slide block on the X shaft; R relates to a rotary radius of the balance; a relates to the included angle between the rotary radius of the balance on the dial and the Y shaft; r relates to the distance from a swing shaft to a rotary shaft of the swing body; b relates to the included angle between the swing radius of the swing body and the Z shaft; k relates to a proportionality factor. The invention is also provided with a position sensor sensing the swing position of the slide block. The invention switches the constant rotation of the motor into the constant swing of the sector scanning probe, which is simple in structure and is stable and reliable.

The invention discloses a notched piece local stress and strain determination method considering multi-axial load non-proportionality and relates to the field of multi-axial fatigue strength theory. According to the method, finite element analysis software is utilized to establish a finite element model of a notched piece; convergence analysis is performed on a mesh number of the finite element model of the notched piece; the finite element analysis software is utilized to calculate a local stress concentration coefficient of a notch under the action of a unit external load, and a virtual stress course of a notch region is calculated; a virtual strain course at the notch is determined through a linear elastic theory or linear elastic finite element analysis; a proposed evaluation method ofnon-proportionality factors is utilized to determine local non-proportionality of the notch under a multi-axial cyclic load; and true stress and true strain at the notch are solved through a notch virtual stress correction method and a constitutive relation. Through the method, local strain of the notch under the multi-axial load can be well predicted.

The subject matter of the invention is a method of determining, by means of absorption spectroscopy, the pressure of a gas or gas mixture in a vacuum container located in an environment that also contains the gas to be measured, but at a pressure different from that in the vacuum container, comprising a laser and a laser detector, the absorption curve AR(λ) of the gas to be determined being determined in the beam path between laser and detector in a first step, the vacuum container being placed into the beam path and the absorption curve AM(λ) of the gas to be determined being determined in the beam path into which the vacuum container has been placed in a second step, that the absorption curve AR(λ) is made to coincide by compression with the absorption curve AM(λ) outside of the absorption curve of the gas to be measured, the extent of compression being determined by a proportionality factor c, the following relation applying for determining the gas to be measured in the vacuum container:AG(λ)=AM(λ)−c·AR(λ).

The invention relates to a method for calculating the composite stress of non-equal structure superposed valve plates of a vehicle shock absorber and belongs to the technical field of the shock absorber. The method is characterized in that according to the inner radius, outer radius, thickness and number of the non-equal structure superposed valve plates, the outer radius unequal rate factor, the equivalent thickness, the equal thickness, and the thickness proportionality factor of each superposed valve plate are determined; according to structure parameters and material characteristic parameters, the composite stress factor of the non-equal structure superposed valve plates is calculated, so that the composite stress of each non-equal structure superposed valve plate at any radius under uniform pressure is calculated. Comparison with an ANSYS simulation verification result shows that the calculating method is correct, a reliable composite stress calculating method is provided to the detaching design and strength verification of the non-equal structure superposed valve plates of the vehicle shock absorber, the design level, the quality and the performance of the shock absorber can be improved, on the premise that characteristic design requirements are met, the design requirement on the stress strength of the valve plates is met, and the design and experiment cost and the production cost are reduced.

The invention relates to a method for establishing the position of an actuating unit which is operated by an electric motor, in which a motor speed is determined from a motor model, the speed is integrated over a period of time and the position of the actuating unit is determined by multiplying the result of the integration by a proportionality factor. The motor model takes account of afterrunning of the electric motor at the instant of switch-off. The invention also relates to actuating units, brakes, pumps and transmissions for which the method can be used.

The invention provides an interference type optical fiber vibration sensing demodulation system and method based on a photoelectric oscillator, and the system mainly comprises a light source, an electro-optic modulator, an interference type vibration sensing unit, a polarization controller, a polarizer, a photodetector, a microwave amplifier, a power divider and a frequency monitoring unit. In theinvention, the electro-optic modulator is used to generate phase-dependent polarization orthogonal carrier waves of different frequency components and a first-order single-sideband, polarization characteristics are adopted to separate the carrier waves and first-order single-sideband such that the carrier waves and first-order single-sideband are transmitted along two interference arms in the interference type vibration sensing unit, and the phase difference containing the vibration signal to be measured is converted into a change in the microwave oscillation frequency of the photoelectric oscillator with a high Q value. Therefore, the vibration signal to be measured can be demodulated by monitoring the frequency change of the microwave signal output by the photoelectric oscillator. Thisamount of frequency change is proportional to the vibration signal to be measured, and the proportionality factor is determined by the frequency of the optical carrier, so that vibration detection anddemodulation with high sensitivity, high accuracy and fast response can be achieved.

A plasma display driving method capable of displaying a vigorous image having enhanced maximum luminance and contrast. For this purpose, one field is divided into a plurality of sub-fields each including a sustain period. In the sustain period, the number of sustain pulses obtained by multiplying a proportionality factor by a brightness weight set for each of the sub-fields are applied to display electrode pairs to generate sustaining discharge in discharge cells having generated addressing discharge therein. Thus, the total number of the sustain pulses in one field period can be changed. When a predetermined image meeting predetermined conditions is displayed, the total number of the sustain pulses in one field period is made larger than those in the case where the other normal images are displayed.

The invention discloses a method for adjusting writing bandwidths of solid-state disks. The method includes acquiring the numbers of current remaining available physical blocks in the solid-state disks according to preset sampling periods; adjusting proportionality factors in real time according to the numbers of the available physical blocks; smoothing errors of the proportionality factors by the aid of PID (proportion, integration and differentiation) controllers according to proportionality factor difference values of a previous sampling period. The proportionality factors are ratios of GC (garbage collection) writing bandwidths to total bandwidths. The invention further discloses a device for adjusting the writing bandwidths of the solid-state disks. The method and the device have the advantages that the proportionality factors between the GC writing bandwidths and the total bandwidths are adjusted by the aid of the numbers of the real-time available physical blocks, and accordingly the accuracy of the proportionality factors can be guaranteed; the errors of the proportionality factors are controlled by the aid of the PID controllers and proportionality factors of the previous sampling period, fluctuation of the proportionality factors can be reduced, and accordingly the stability of writing bandwidths can be improved for users.