79 results about "Water equivalent" patented technology

A method and system to compute the dose to a patient (2) given a captured integrated exit-transit image (5) of the radiation rays (4) traveling from the source of x-rays (1) through the patient (2) to the imaging device (3) to product the exit-transit image (5). Each radiation field image (5) is transformed (6,8,10,12) to multiple images (7,9,11,13) for each phantom thickness (26) that was measured with the imaging device (3) for a range of field sizes (21). Given the water equivalent path (22) through the patient for a ray (4) reaching a pixel (15, 16), the final pixel value (19) is interpolated from the images (9, 11) that bracket the water equivalent path through the patient (22).

A radiation dosimetry apparatus and method use a scintillating optical fiber array for detecting dose levels. The scintillating optical fiber detectors generate optical energy in response to a predetermined type of radiation, and are coupled to collection optical fibers that transmit the optical energy to a photo-detector for conversion to an electrical signal. The detectors may be embedded in one or more modular, water-equivalent phantom slabs. A repeatable connector couples the collection fibers to the photo-detector, maintaining the fiber ends in a predetermined spatial relationship. The detector fibers may be distributed as desired in a three-dimensional detection space, and may be oriented with their longitudinal axes at different orientations relative to a transmission axis of an incident radiation beam. A calibration method uses two measurements in two spectral windows, one with irradiation of the scintillator at a known dose and one with only irradiation of the collection fiber.

Methods for empirical determination of a correction function for correcting beam hardening and stray beam effects of water-equivalent tissue in projection radiography or computed tomography using an imaging detector, and apparatuses for implementing the same are disclosed. The projection values obtained from the logarithmic values of the detector signals are corrected, the corrected projection values being represented by a correction function dependent on the tube voltage applied during the X-ray projection recording, the coefficients of which function are determined from a single calibration scan on an object-like calibration phantom made of water-like material.

The invention discloses a small-scale throttling low-temperature refrigerator circulation system with an ejector, which comprises a compressor connected to a pipeline, a cooler, two regenerators and a throttle valve. Another ejector is further arranged between a second regenerator and an evaporator. By utilizing the effects of expansion and pressurization of the ejector, the invention can enhance the suction pressure of the compressor, lower the pressure ratio and the air absorption ratio capacity of the compressor, thus correspondingly lowering the unit power consumption of the compressor and enhancing the gas transmission rate of the compressor, increasing the cooling capacity of the system and enhancing the performance coefficient of the system. On the other hand, the ejector is adopted to result in that the heat exchange water equivalent of two sides of the regenerator is more matched, thus improving the heat recovery process and reducing the irreversible loss in the heat recovery process. Thereby, the small-scale throttling low-temperature refrigerator circulation system with an ejector has obvious advantages with respect to improving the performance of the throttling refrigeration system.

The invention discloses an irrigation water management system based on farmland water monitoring, and a management method implemented by the system. The system comprises a soil water and soil temperature information module, a farmland irrigation and soil water content information module, an irrigation area water consumption and irrigation result measuring and reporting module, and an irrigation area irrigation benefit result reporting module. The system and the method provided by the invention have the advantages that through comprehensive and modular technical methods and solutions, the maximum application of limited information is achieved; an information source, data transmission, a server and a database are utilized to provide basic conditions for storage, extraction, utilization and processing of monitoring information demand responses by the management system; and through comprehensive technical analysis methods, such as water balance, logical association, mathematical statistics, the method of measuring soil water contents at the beginning and the end of a period, the head-tail ratio calculation method, cross-industry data application, the water equivalent calculation method and the like, analysis of a water consumption quota, an irrigation system, the soil water content, the amount of water required by crops, an irrigation water utilization coefficient, the amount of water introduced into an irrigation area, crop yields, irrigation benefits and other management technology evaluation indicators can be achieved.

The present invention is directed toward the determination of soil water content and the water equivalent depth of snow deposited on top of the ground. The apparatus for measuring soil water content consists of one or more cosmic-ray neutron detectors located above the soil surface. The detectors record neutrons in the thermal, epithermal or fast energy bands. Snow water equivalence is determined by using a thermal neutron detector and an epithermal or fast neutron detector. Neutron count rates for all three energy bands decrease monotonically with increasing soil water content. Epithermal and fast neutron count rates decrease monotonically with increased snow water equivalent depth, but thermal neutron count rates increase at first and then decrease with increasing snow cover.

In an X-ray system and method to determine the effective skin input dose in x-ray examinations, the skin input dose is obtained by dividing the measured dose area product by the exposed skin input area, which is calculated from the exposed area in the film or image intensifier plane, geometric data of the x-ray system, and the thickness of the body part of the patient to be examined. The water equivalent determined from the setting values for the irradiation is used as the value for the thickness of the body part to be examined.

Systems, methods, and computer program products that enable calculating the water equivalent diameter of an exposed subject by defining a patient object using anterior / posterior (AP) and lateral (LAT) scout images are provided. Pixels corresponding to air in the LAT and AP scout image are determined. Pixels outside the of the air area belong to either to the patient or the table. The table for both the LAT and AP scout images is identified. The remaining pixels in the LAT AP scout images are from the patient. For each segmented object (patient or table) the boundaries of the segmented object are identified and the attenuations within the segmented boundaries are computed. The final shape and attenuation values of the patient is stored and the size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) is calculated. The water equivalent diameter value is normalized by using the technical acquisition parameters provided by the acquisition device.

The invention relates to food-grade lubricating grease as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The food-grade lubricating grease comprises the following components by weight percent: 70-80% of base oil, 6-15% of thickening agent and 10-20% of antiwear agent. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding fatty acid, aromatic acid and organic aluminum into the base oil in a proportion, mixing and heating to 60-100 DEG C, and carrying out a recombination reaction for 1-2 hours; further heating the combined material to 100-140 DEG C, adding tap water with a certain proportion and then maintaining the constant temperature for 1-2 hours, wherein water equivalent is 1-3 times that of organic aluminum; further heating the combined material to 150-180 DEG C and the nmaintaining the constant temperature for 0.5-1 hour; then adding quenching oil and evenly mixing, wherein the amount of quenching oil is about 30%-40% of that of base oil; and further cooling the material to the temperature below 140 DGE C, and adding the antiwear agent and then evenly mixing, so as to obtain the required product. In the invention, a one-step method is adopted for direct recombination reaction, thus process is simple, energy consumption is reduced, production cost is reduced, and the quality of the product produced by the process is relatively stable.

A radiation dosimetry apparatus and method use a scintillating optical fiber array for detecting dose levels. The scintillating optical fiber detectors generate optical energy in response to a predetermined type of radiation, and are coupled to collection optical fibers that transmit the optical energy to a photo-detector for conversion to an electrical signal. The detectors may be embedded in one or more modular, water-equivalent phantom slabs. A repeatable connector couples the collection fibers to the photo-detector, maintaining the fiber ends in a predetermined spatial relationship. The detector fibers may be distributed as desired in a three-dimensional detection space, and may be oriented with their longitudinal axes at different orientations relative to a transmission axis of an incident radiation beam. A calibration method uses two measurements in two spectral windows, one with irradiation of the scintillator at a known dose and one with only irradiation of the collection fiber.

A method for determining a water equivalent depth between an entrance point and a reference point is disclosed. The method may comprise sending to a charged particle beam detector placed at a reference point within or beyond a body a charged particle beam whose energy is modulated between a minimum and maximum energy value, acquiring the time dependent response of said charged particle beam detector, determining from said time dependent response a value of a statistical parameter, providing a calibration curve expressing a relationship between values of said statistical parameter and water equivalent depths, and extracting from this calibration curve the water equivalent depth corresponding to the value of the statistical parameter determined from the time dependent response of the charged particle beam detector placed at the reference point.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a waste paper fiber utilization system and a waste paper disintegration device which can prevent information from leaking and cause no waste liquid while reducing the disintegration cost of waste paper. The waste paper disintegration device 13 disintegrates waste paper 11-1 by pouring a weight of water equivalent of 60˜100 percent of the weight of the waste paper 11-1 and rotating a rotary feather 13-7 provided with a plurality of feathers, the disintegrated fibers 11-2 are transported to a paper mill 15 or a recycling plant 16 and recycled products, such as recycled paper, containers, decorative objects, horticultural soil, railway sleepers, heat insulating materials, incombustible materials, culture media for plants, cushions, waste liquid filters, smoke filters, oil absorbents or the like are produced.

The invention relates to an ion beam radiotherapy dosage verification method based on water equivalent coefficients. The ion beam radiotherapy dosage verification method based on the water equivalent coefficients includes the following steps that A, CT image data of a cancer patient are obtained, a treatment planning system (TPS) is utilized for plan design according to a CT-water equivalent coefficient transformation curve, and ion beam radiation parameters are recorded after the plan is determined; B, a virtual three-dimensional water phantom CT image is generated based on the water equivalent coefficients, the ion beam radiation parameters are transplanted to the water phantom through the TPS, dosage optimal computation is carried out again, and three-dimensional rasterization dose distribution in the water phantom is obtained; C, an ionization chamber is placed at an interest point in the three-dimensional water phantom, interpolating calculation is carried out in the three-dimensional rasterization dose distribution according to the three-dimensional coordinates of the sensitive volume of the ionization chamber in the water phantom, and planned dosage of the interest point is obtained; D, the ion beam radiation parameters designed as planned control a medical heavy-ion accelerator to perform simulated irradiation on the water phantom, and the measured absolute dosage value of the interest point for the ionization chamber in the water phantom is compared with the planned dosage.

A fiber optic dosimeter probe for sensing radiation dose including an optical fiber having a free end and a sensitive end, a window having a sensitive side and a rear side; a radiation sensitive layer between the sensitive end of the optical fiber and a sensitive side of the window, the radiation sensitive layer being made of a material having an optical property that changes with absorbed radiation dose, an amount of the material corresponding to a predetermined sensitivity to radiation; wherein the window and the optical fiber have a near water equivalent interaction with radiation and are MR compatible.

The invention discloses an intelligent electric cooker and a control method thereof. The method includes: after a cooking category instruction is received, performing category identification on food materials in an electric cooker inner container, and weighing the food materials; calculating the cleaning water consumption and cooking water consumption of the food materials according to the category and weight of the food materials; cleaning the food materials according to preset cleaning times and the cleaning water consumption; injecting water equivalent to the cooking water consumption, andperforming cooking. The intelligent electric cooker and the control method thereof have the advantages that a user does not need to manually clean the food materials, cooking failure caused by the fact that the cooking water consumption is not well controlled is avoided, and good user experience is achieved.

The invention discloses a system and a method for constant water level sequential batch type sewage treatment system with continuous variable volume. The method includes continuously injecting sewage into a constant water level variable volume adjusting area to enable an adjustable volume area to float on the liquid level in separation mode, injecting water to a constant water level variable volume reaction area through a distribution pump, injecting water to a constant water level variable volume water quality stabilizing area through a constant water level water decanting device and a waterdecanting pump, enabling supernate after reaction to be discharged into the supernate of the a constant water level variable volume water quality stabilizing area on the other side of the constant water level variable volume reaction area, pass through a smoothing clearing area and finally pass through an inclined plate clearing area and continuously discharging purification water equivalent withpreprocessing feeding water. The system and the method resolve the technical problem that denitrification and dephosphorization efficiency is low, single process structure water outlet index cannot meet requirements of indexes of the national standard first grade A, and process structure is complex. The system has the advantages of being simple in structure, low in integral process energy consumption, good in processing effect and the like.

The invention discloses a rectifying type variation-concentration self-overlaying gas liquefaction system which comprises a compressor, a condenser, a rectifying device and a feed gas liquefaction loop, wherein the feed gas liquefaction loop comprises a first heat exchanger group, a second heat exchanger group and a first throttle valve arranged between the first heat exchanger group and the second heat exchanger group; and two parallel arranged first variable concentration loop and second variable concentration loop are arranged between the rectifying device and an air suction hole of the compressor. The rectifying device is used for replacing a multistage separation process of the traditional mixed refrigerant gas liquefaction system, and different components of high-pressure liquids are led from the bottom and the top of the rectifying device and are respectively subjected to pressure reduction and then enter the two heat exchanger groups, water equivalent change of a feed gas cooling and liquefaction process is optimized and matched, and variable working condition regulating capacity of the liquefaction system is improved by adopting the variable concentration loops. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, operation reliability, high system liquefaction efficiency and the like, and is suitable for various small and minitype gas liquefaction systems with high performance requirements on variable working conditions.

A beam profile measurement detector is a tool to efficiently verify dose distributions created with active methods of a clinical proton beam delivery. A Multi-Pad Ionization Chamber (MPIC) has 128 ionization chambers arranged in one plane and measure lateral profiles in fields up to 38 cm in diameter. The MPIC pads have a 5 mm pitch for fields up to 20 cm in diameter and a 7 mm pitch for larger fields, providing an accuracy of field size determination of about 0.5 mm. The Multi-Layer Ionization Chamber (MLIC) detector contains 122 small-volume ionization chambers stacked at a 1.82 mm step (water-equivalent) for depth-dose profile measurements. The MLIC detector can measure profiles up to 20 cm in depth, and determine the 80% distal dose fall-off with about 0.1 mm precision. Both detectors can be connected to the same set of electronics modules, which form the detectors' data acquisition system. The detectors operate in proton fields produced with active methods of beam delivery such as uniform scanning and energy stacking. The MPIC and MLIC detectors can be used for dosimetric characterization of clinical proton fields.

In an X-ray system and method to determine the effective skin input dose in x-ray examinations, the skin input dose is obtained by dividing the measured dose area product by the exposed skin input area, which is calculated from the exposed area in the film or image intensifier plane, geometric data of the x-ray system, and the thickness of the body part of the patient to be examined. The water equivalent determined from the setting values for the irradiation is used as the value for the thickness of the body part to be examined.

A phantom and film cassette therefor, a composition of high atomic number elements and tissue-equivalent material for a phantom, and an adjustable holder for a phantom. The film cassette comprises sections of tissue-equivalent material, wherein the sections retain a sheet of film when closed together and the phantom composition comprises tissue-equivalent material and high atomic number elements. In operation, dose distributions are determined via computation at various depths within a simulated water-equivalent phantom. After calculating dose distributions, an actual beam is delivered to a phantom containing the cassette, or utilizing a phantom containing high atomic number elements, wherein the phantom mimics human tissue, wherein the phantom houses radiographic film. Images are then generated on the film, the images are converted into an actual dose distribution, and the actual dose distribution is compared with the calculated dose distributions. Finally, a patient is treated based on the beam delivery thus verified.

The invention discloses a rectification-type self-overlaying gas liquefying system, which comprises a compressor, a condenser, a rectifying device and a raw material gas liquefying loop. A discharging port of the compressor is connected with a feeding port of the condenser; a discharging port of the condenser is connected with a feeding port in a kettle of the rectifying device; the rectifying device comprises a rectifying tower and a tower top heat exchanger, wherein the tower top heat exchanger is communicated with the top of a rectifying section of the rectifying tower; a discharging port at the top of the tower top heat exchanger is connected with the raw material gas liquefying loop; and the raw material gas passes through the raw material gas liquefying loop and a final liquefying product is obtained. In the invention, a multi-stage separation process of the traditional mixed working medium liquefying system is replaced by the rectifying device, the high-pressure liquids with different components led out from the bottom and the top of the rectifying device are respectively subject to pressure reduction to enter the raw material gas liquefying loop, the change of the water equivalent weight in the temperature-reduction liquefying process is matched in an optimized way so that the raw material gas is cooled section by section. The rectification-type self-overlaying gas liquefying system has the advantages of simple structure, reliability in operation, high system liquefying efficiency and the like, and is particularly suitable for various mini-type and micro-type gas liquefying systems.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a zero-VOC high-performance alcoholic acid emulsion. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, performing alcoholysis on a drying oil or a semi-drying oil and a polyhydric alcohol under the action of a high temperature and an alcoholysis catalyst, and then performing an esterification reaction with polybasic acid to obtain an air-drying alkyd resin; next, moving the alkyd resin to a reaction kettle with a circulating water jacket, heating the circulating water in the jacket of the reaction kettle until an emulsification temperature, controlling the rotating speed to the range of 170rpm to 180rpm, adding a neutralizer to the reaction kettle and mixing thoroughly and evenly; keeping the temperature unchanged, and adding a proper amount of emulsifier to the reaction kettle, adjusting the rotating speed to the range of 250rpm to 270rpm, and stirring for 30 to 45 minutes; heating deionized water equivalent to the resin by mass until an emulsification temperature and slowly and dropwise adding the deionized water to the reaction kettle at a constant speed in about 3-5 hours; and furthermore, cooling in water bath under stirring until a room temperature, regulating the pH value of the emulsion by use of a pH regulator to the range of 5-7, and filtering to obtain the zero-VOC high-performance alcoholic acid emulsion. According to the preparation method, zero VOC emission is really realized in the production and application processes.

The invention provides a variable water temperature control system suitable for an air conditioning secondary pump system, relates to the field of refrigeration control, and aims to improve the refrigerator power and hydraulic equilibrium adjusting accuracy of an air conditioning system and reduce energy consumption. The variable water temperature control system comprises a refrigerator device, a water supply / return pipeline, the air conditioning system and an equalizing pipeline. The air conditioning system comprises one or more air conditioning terminals, and the air conditioning terminals are of multiple types including fan coil pipes. A primary water pump and a secondary water pump are arranged on the water supply / return pipeline. The control system further comprises a refrigerator power preprocessing device, a refrigerator power control device and a secondary water pump variable-frequency control device, the refrigerator power preprocessing device is used for calculating the reflux ratio of the equalizing pipeline and the cold water temperature set value, and the refrigerator power control device is used for controlling the power of the refrigerator device. The secondary water pump variable-frequency control device is used for calculating the cold water equivalent valve position opening degree value of the fan coil pipes, and variable-frequency control is carried out over the secondary water pump according to the maximum valve position opening degree value in all air conditioning terminal cold water adjusting valves in the air conditioning system. The variable water temperature control system can be used for a frequency conversion technology in air conditioning.

The invention discloses a method for improving regional groundwater reserve estimation precision. The method comprises the following steps of: acquiring monthly-scale land water reserve change delta TWS0; extracting monthly-scale soil water content change delta SM1, snow water equivalent change delta SWE1 and vegetation canopy water reserve change delta PCSW1 in a global range by utilizing a GLDAShydrological model; extracting monthly-scale soil water content change delta SM2, snow water equivalent change delta SWE2 and vegetation canopy water reserve change delta PCSW2 in a global range by utilizing a WGHM hydrological model; calculating to obtain monthly-scale underground water reserve changes delta GWS1 and delta GWS2; evaluating the delta GWS1 and the delta GWS2 respectively accordingto the actually measured monthly-scale groundwater reserve change delta GWS0 in a research region; and selecting the optimal monthly-scale groundwater reserve change delta GWS as a monthly-scale groundwater reserve change result of each pixel of the research region according to the evaluation result, and outputting the monthly-scale groundwater reserve change result. According to the method, theestimation precision of the regional groundwater reserves is improved based on the statistical selection method in combination with GRACE satellite gravity data and a global hydrological model.

The invention discloses a rectification type auto-cascade low-temperature condensation oil-gas separation system with cooling capacity recovery. The system comprises a compressor, a condenser, a rectification device and an oil-gas condensation separation and cooling capacity recovery loop, wherein the oil-gas condensation separation and cooling capacity recovery loop comprises a first heat exchanger unit, a second heat exchanger unit, a third heat exchanger unit, a first restricting element and a separator unit. According to the system, the rectification device is adopted to replace multi-stage separation process of a conventional mixed working medium auto-cascade oil-gas separation system, meanwhile high-pressure liquid refrigerants of different components are respectively led out from the bottom and the top of the rectification device, condensed oil is precooled, is respectively depressurized, is fed into the first heat exchanger unit and is optimized to be matched with water equivalent weight variations of oil gases of different components in the cooling process. The system has the advantages of being simple in structure, reliable in operation, good in energy conservation and the like, and is particularly applicable to treatment on volatile oil gases in places such as oil depots, petrol stations and chemical treatment plants.

Apparatuses, methods, and computer-readable mediums are provided that utilize a phantom to correct attenuation due to beam hardening. The phantom includes a calibration tip attached to a proximal end of a portion. The portion has a diameter that increases incrementally from the proximal end of the portion towards a distal end of the portion (e.g., a substantially conical shape, a substantially convex shape, a substantially concave shape, or a series of adjacent steps). In another embodiment, a method is provided in which the phantom is scanned and an image of the phantom is reconstructed. Thereafter, an x-ray path length and estimated attenuation coefficient are calculated. A sum of expected coefficients are also calculated. The calculations are used to generate an algorithm for beam hardening coefficients.

The invention relates to an inversion method of the original permeability of a gas-water two-phase seepage stress sensitive reservoir. The method comprises the steps that (1), daily production data ofa gas well, reservoir physical properties, fluid properties, and stress sensitive data are collected and collated; (2), gas-water equivalent permeability curves under different pressure conditions are calculated; (3), improved pseudo parameters taking gas-water two-phase complex seepage characteristics of the stress sensitive reservoir into consideration are calculated; (4), drawing is conductedand an improved semi-logarithmic curve is utilized to identify pseudo radial flow; (5), linear regression is performed on scatters on the curve, and a reservoir original permeability calculation modelis utilized to achieve the inversion of the original permeability according to the slope of a straight line obtained by the regression. According to the method, the complex seepage characteristics such as stress sensitivity of a relative permeability curve, absolute permeability stress sensitivity, a slippage effect and the like can be fully considered, errors caused by a traditional calculationmethod are eliminated, and the method can be extensively applied to reservoir parameter evaluation of the stress sensitivity reservoir.

An ink-jet ink is provided which exhibits excellent ejection stability during printing and results in improved abrasion resistance of text and images formed on various recording media, as well as improved image smoothness by employing an ink-jet ink wherein in the ink jet ink incorporating at least a pigment, water, and fine polymer particles, the ink viscosity ratio η2 / η1 satisfies the conditions specified by Formula (1) below, and a recording method using the same: 0.8<η2 / η2<5.0   Formula (1) wherein η1 represents the viscosity of an ink-jet ink at 25° C. which incorporates a viscosity retarding material or incorporates at least a pigment, water, and fine polymer particles, while η2 represents the viscosity of the above ink at 25° C. in which water equivalent to 10 percent by weight of the entire ink weight has been evaporated.

The invention relates to an inversion method for the fracture half-length of a water production fracturing gas well in a stress sensitivity storage layer. The method comprises the following steps that(1) daily production data of the gas well, physical properties of the storage layer, physical properties of fluid and stress sensitivity data are collected and sorted out; (2) gas-water equivalent relative permeabilities under different pressure conditions are calculated; (3) improved simulation parameters considering gas-water two-phase complex seepage characteristics of the stress sensitivity storage layer are calculated; (4) an improved radical sign time curve is drawn and used for identifying a stratum linear flow; (5) data points at the stratum linear flow stage are subjected to linear regression, based on an obtained straight slope, calculation is conducted by using an inversion model, and inversion of the fracture half-length is achieved. According to the inversion method, complexseepage characteristics such as relative permeability curve stress sensitivity, absolute permeability stress sensitivity and slippage effect during gas-water two-phase seepage in the stress sensitivity storage layer can be comprehensively considered, errors caused by a traditional calculation method are removed, and the method can be widely applied to post-pressing evaluation of the water production fracturing gas well of the stress sensitivity storage layer.