65 results about "Volume/Area" patented technology

The invention realtes to a nickel based hydrogenation catalyst, preparation and application thereof. Using alumina or and monox silica as carrier, the catalyst prepared by means of coprecipitation, main containing active component Ni, is characterized in catalyst composed by active component Ni, La, adjuvant X1 and carrier X2O. Calculated by weight of component, the catalyst including: NiO 40-70%, La2O3 2-5%, X2O 20-50%, wherein X1 is selected from one or more of Cu, Mg, Zr, X2 is selected from Al or and Si; surface area to volume ratio thereof is 80-200 m<2> / g, pore volume ratio is 0.4-0.8 ml / g. The catalyst is suit for mono olefin hydrogenation, especially for hydrogenation of pyrolysis C9 distillation, which has higher hydrogenation activity, definited sulfur poison resist and carboid resist to fit for higher require of high colloid raw material hydrogenation which of catalyst has high hydrogenation activity and good stability.

Pressure swing adsorption process for producing oxygen comprising (a) providing at least one adsorber vessel having a first layer of adsorbent adjacent the feed end of the vessel and a second layer of adsorbent adjacent the first layer, wherein the surface area to volume ratio of the first layer is in the range of about 0.75 to about 1.8 cm−1; (b) introducing a pressurized feed gas comprising at least oxygen, nitrogen, and water into the feed end, adsorbing at least a portion of the water in the adsorbent in the first layer, and adsorbing at least a portion of the nitrogen in the adsorbent in the second layer, wherein the superficial contact time of the pressurized feed gas in the first layer is between about 0.08 and about 0.50 sec; and (c) withdrawing a product gas enriched in oxygen from the product end of the adsorber vessel.

A heat sink comprising a heat spreader attached to a three-dimensional ordered open-cellular microstructure material. The three-dimensional ordered open-cellular microstructure material has dimensions that allow for large surface area to volume ratios. The three-dimensional ordered open-cellular microstructure may be comprised of hollow truss elements and partially filled with a thermally conductive material or a fluid.

The invention discloses a method for calculating a tight reservoir fracturing transformation volume area. The method comprises the following steps that multiple hydraulic fracture non-planar turning extension models, a formation stress field change model, a reservoir pressure file change model and a natural fracture failure criterion in the tight reservoir horizontal well fracturing process are established, geological parameters, horizontal well fracturing construction parameters and the total fracturing time are obtained, an initial fracture filter loss value, an initial fracture half-length value, an initial in-fracture pressure value, an initial fracture extension turning angle, initial permeability and an initial fracturing time value are endowed, all the models are calculated, and natural fracture failure point coordinate data is calculated; a spatial and numerical integration method is utilized to calculate tension failure transformation area volume and shear failure transformation area volume in a reservoir respectively, and the spaces of the two parts are united and regarded as a total transformation volume area. By adopting the method, accurate, economic and rapid tight reservoir horizontal well fracturing evaluation can be achieved, and the problem that effort, money and time are wasted in the existing tight reservoir horizontal well fracturing transformation volume area calculating process is solved.

Novel metal organic framework (MOF) molecules and methods of synthesizing them are described. MOFs are organometallic crystalline structures that have high sorption capacity due to high surface area, tailorable selectivity, an inert nature, and thermal stability at high temperatures. MOFs may be used as sorbents in preconcentrators for analytical devices to provide orders of magnitude of improved sensitivity in analyte detection. MOFs are also useful as sorbents in new compact and portable micropreconcentrator designs such as a modified purge and trap system and a multi-valve microelectromechanical system (MEMS) to achieve high gain in analyte detection. Further, MOFs may be used as coatings for novel microstructure arrays in micropreconcentrators where the microstructures are designed to increase the surface area to volume ratio inside the micropreconcentrator while minimizing the pressure drop across the micropreconcentrator.

Novel metal organic framework (MOF) molecules and methods of synthesizing them are described. MOFs are organometallic crystalline structures that have high sorption capacity due to high surface area, tailorable selectivity, an inert nature, and thermal stability at high temperatures. MOFs may be used as sorbents in preconcentrators for analytical devices to provide orders of magnitude of improved sensitivity in analyte detection. MOFs are also useful as sorbents in new compact and portable micropreconcentrator designs such as a modified purge and trap system and a multi-valve microelectromechanical system (MEMS) to achieve high gain in analyte detection. Further, MOFs may be used as coatings for novel microstructure arrays in micropreconcentrators where the microstructures are designed to increase the surface area to volume ratio inside the micropreconcentrator while minimizing the pressure drop across the micropreconcentrator.

An oblique wing aircraft (1) designed for reduced surface area to volume ratio. The aircraft has an oblique wing comprising a forward swept wing segment (27) on one side of the wing and an aft swept wing segment (29) on the opposite side of the wing. A center oblique airfoil section (25) connects the forward and aft swept wing segments. The center oblique airfoil section has a larger chord near its centerline than the chords of either of the forward or aft swept wing segments. The chord of the center oblique airfoil section tapers down more rapidly than the forward or aft wing segments as the center oblique airfoil section extends outboard toward the forward and aft swept wings. The center oblique airfoil section is not shaped solely to function as a circular fairing to fill the gap between an oblique wing and a fuselage at different oblique wing angles, nor is it a second wing in an X wing configuration. Preferably, the aircraft is an all-wing aircraft.

This invention uses large surface to volume ratio materials for separation, release layer, and sacrificial material applications. The invention outlines the material concept, application designs, and fabrication methodologies. The invention is demonstrated using deposited column / void network materials as examples of large surface to volume ratio materials. In a number of the specific applications discussed, it is shown that it is advantageous to create structures on a laminate on a mother substrate and then, using the separation layer material approach, to separate this laminate from the mother substrate using the present separation scheme. It is also shown that the present materials have excellent release layer utility. In a number of applications it is also shown how the approach can be used to uniquely form cavities, channels, air-gaps, and related structures in or on various substrates. Further, it is demonstrated that it also can be possible and advantageous to combine the schemes for cavity formation with the scheme for laminate separation.

A shock absorber for a vehicle, having a bellows piston, bellows, and a fluid as the damping medium. The shock absorber has a first partition wall, which is situated on the bellows piston, and is implemented to separate a volume area of the bellows piston from a volume area of the bellows. The first partition wall has a first opening, which is implemented to limit a fluid flow between the volume area of the bellows piston and the volume area of the bellows. The shock absorber further has a sprung mass, which is situated inside the shock absorber to influence the fluid flow inside the shock absorber.

In al magnetic resonance system and a method for operating the magnetic resonance system to set RF transmit parameters for a radio-frequency antenna that is excitable in a number of different, linearly independent transmit modes, the transmit antenna is successively caused to be excited in the different transmit modes, and, for each transmit mode in which the radio-frequency antenna is excited, a measured value distribution representing the radio-frequency field produced by the antenna in a defined volume area is determined. The homogeneity of the measured value distribution is evaluated with respect to a defined evaluation criterion and, if the evaluation criterion is satisfied, an optimized radio-frequency field distribution is determined from a combination of the measured value distributions up to that time. If the evaluation criterion is not fulfilled, the radio-frequency antenna is excited with a further transmit mode, and the procedure is repeated.

An oblique wing aircraft (1) designed for reduced surface area to volume ratio. The aircraft has an oblique wing comprising a forward swept wing segment (27) on one side of the wing and an aft swept wing segment (29) on the opposite side of the wing. A center oblique airfoil section (25) connects the forward and aft swept wing segments. The center oblique airfoil section has a larger chord near its centerline than the chords of either of the forward or aft swept wing segments. The chord of the center oblique airfoil section tapers down more rapidly than the forward or aft wing segments as the center oblique airfoil section extends outboard toward the forward and aft swept wings. The center oblique airfoil section is not shaped solely to function as a circular fairing to fill the gap between an oblique wing and a fuselage at different oblique wing angles, nor is it a second wing in an X wing configuration. Preferably, the aircraft is an all-wing aircraft.

A predetermined number of erasable blocks positioned at a start of a volume area in a semiconductor memory card are provided so as to include volume management information. A user area following the volume management information includes a plurality of clusters. A data length NOM of an area from a master boot record & partition table sector to a partition boot sector is determined so that the plurality of clusters in the user area are not arranged so as to straddle erasable block boundaries. Since cluster boundaries and erasable block boundaries in the user area are aligned, there is no need to perform wasteful processing in which two erasable blocks are erased to rewrite one cluster.

The present invention relates to a communication volume regional distribution method in the wireless mobile self organizing network measurement. The procedure is: an aerial vehicle is used to collect data in the air above the target area; the flight track and the investigating area are positioned through the GPS and the wireless network card on the aerial vehicle, the signal intensity of the communication node is measured, and the distance between the communication node and the investigating position is calculated through a signal intensity formula; the central position of the measured communication node is positioned by utilizing position information of the nodes on the two unparallel edges in the communication scope of a communication node and the distance information; the communication volume of various communication node is identified through the communication volume of the communication node on the flight track acquired by the wireless equipment according to the MAC address. The present invention can be applied in the investigation to the military conduction center of the hostile party by a pilotless airplane in the military battlefield environment, and the existence of the hostile party military conduction center is judged through the intensity degree of the communication volume; the present invention can be also used to detect the communication conflict scope of the mobile node, and used for the adjustment, assessment and test of the routing protocol in the wireless mobile self organizing network.

Provided is a DPF system that can perform DPF regeneration with an appropriate exhaust-injection amount even if the injection amount changes due to age-related deterioration or manufacturing variability of an exhaust-pipe injector. Said DPF system (10) is provided with: temperature sensors (26 and 27) that are provided at the entrance and exit of a DOC (23) and measure the DOC entrance temperature and DOC exit temperature during forced DPF regeneration; a surface-area-to-volume ratio determination means (29) that determines an exhaust-gas surface-area-to-volume ratio by measuring the flow rate of exhaust gas during forced DPF regeneration; and an injector diagnosis means (30) to which the temperatures measured by the temperature sensors (26 and 27) and the value determined by the surface-area-to-volume ratio determination means (29) are inputted. Said injector diagnosis means has: a heat-generation region determination unit (31) that determines whether or not the inputted values lie within a theoretical heat-generation region; and an actual-injection-amount diagnosis unit (32) that diagnoses the amount of decrease in the actual injection amount of an exhaust-pipe injector (24) if the temperatures measured by the temperature sensors (26 and 27) and the value determined by the surface-area-to-volume ratio determination means (29) do lie within the aforementioned theoretical heat-generation region.

A process and a device are provided for separating carbon dioxide from a breathing gas mixture by means of a “Fixed Site Carrier” membrane. The breathing gas mixture is guided in the device on a side of a selective, semipermeable membrane, which is provided with amine groups, which are bound covalently to a polymer. Through the membrane, the transport of the components of the gas mixture can take place. The membrane is selected to be such that the permeability for CO2 is substantially higher than the permeability for the other gas components of the breathing gas mixture. The membrane has or is associated with means for guiding the gas, which acts to guide the gas mixture on one side along the membrane. The membrane separates volume areas in which different CO2 partial pressures prevail from one another.

A method of exchanging heat between fluids with a heat Exchanger comprising a three-dimensional ordered microstructure material within a shell. The three-dimensional ordered microstructure material has dimensions that allow for large surface area to volume ratios, between 300 and 15000 m2 / m3. Alternatively the three-dimensional ordered microstructure may have an open volume fraction between 0.4 and 0.6. The three-dimensional ordered microstructure may be comprised of hollow truss elements and partially filled with a thermally conductive material or a fluid. The Heat Exchanger has a heat transfer coefficient multiplied by the surface area to volume ratio between 3.7*107 and 7*109 Watts per M3K.

The invention provides a method of making a frozen beverage by arranging a frozen confection in a container with the frozen confection having a three-dimensional shape with a surface area to volume ratio higher than the same volume of frozen confection which assumes the shape of the container and being arranged in the container to provide one or more open spaces or cavities including at least one extending through or around the frozen confection to the bottom of the container. The open spaces or cavities allow liquid to penetrate and enter into the frozen confection to facilitate mixing of the liquid and the frozen confection to form the frozen beverage upon demand.

The invention discloses a system and a method for constant water level sequential batch type sewage treatment system with continuous variable volume. The method includes continuously injecting sewage into a constant water level variable volume adjusting area to enable an adjustable volume area to float on the liquid level in separation mode, injecting water to a constant water level variable volume reaction area through a distribution pump, injecting water to a constant water level variable volume water quality stabilizing area through a constant water level water decanting device and a waterdecanting pump, enabling supernate after reaction to be discharged into the supernate of the a constant water level variable volume water quality stabilizing area on the other side of the constant water level variable volume reaction area, pass through a smoothing clearing area and finally pass through an inclined plate clearing area and continuously discharging purification water equivalent withpreprocessing feeding water. The system and the method resolve the technical problem that denitrification and dephosphorization efficiency is low, single process structure water outlet index cannot meet requirements of indexes of the national standard first grade A, and process structure is complex. The system has the advantages of being simple in structure, low in integral process energy consumption, good in processing effect and the like.

A method for manufacturing a hollow blade for a turbomachine is disclosed in which the blade is manufactured using a preform derived from external primary parts. A primary part comprising a root portion is formed by upset forging a bar in which material has been forced into a large volume area. Finish forging is done in at least two complementary stamping operations using an intermediate blank in order to limit costs and to use mechanical presses even for large and thin primary parts. Dies for forging the primary part are defined so as to double up at least the forging capacity of a press.

In systems and methods for freezing and subsequently thawing liquid samples containing biological components, a sample is fractioned into a very large number of small drops (10) having surface area to volume ratios of 1000 m-1 or greater. The drops are projected at a liquid cryogen (40) or at the solid surface of a highly thermally conducting metal cup or plate, where they rapidly freeze. The cold gas layer that develops above any cold surface is replaced with a dry gas stream (75). The environmental temperature experienced by the sample then abruptly changes from the warm ambient to the temperature of the cryogenic liquid or solid surface. To thaw drops with the highest warming rates, the frozen drops may be projected into warm liquids. The sample is projected with cold gas to the warm liquid, so that again there is an abrupt transition in the environmental temperature.

The invention discloses a personalized femoral prosthesis and a manufacturing method. The femoral prosthesis structure includes: a patella articular surface prosthesis and a femoral articular prosthesis inside the articular surface prosthesis; Symmetric femoral condyle prosthesis; on the middle surface of the femoral articular surface prosthesis, a truss porous structure prosthesis is distributed in an array; femoral platform prosthesis is arranged on both sides of the femoral articular surface prosthesis. By adopting the parametric modeling method, the change of the model does not need to be redesigned, it can be completed only by adjusting the input parameters, which can greatly improve the design efficiency; due to the adoption of the parametric modeling method, the porosity and average pore diameter can be directly adjusted by adjusting the input parameters , surface area to volume ratio to meet the needs of different age groups; due to the force analysis of motion simulation, the optimal distribution of personalized femoral prosthesis mechanics can be realized.

Absorbent articles comprising superabsorbent particles having an increased surface area to volume ratio are disclosed. The superabsorbent particles comprising the absorbent articles are in flake-like form, and have an average surface area to volume ratio of at least about 0.05 μm−1. In one specific embodiment, the high surface area to volume superabsorbent particles have an average thickness of no more than about 30 micrometers.

The invention discloses a self-sucking energy-saving high-efficiency water pump, which comprises an impeller and a pump shell, wherein the impeller is positioned in a liquid chamber of the pump shell and connected to a driving device which drives the impeller to rotate to form a water current for water pumping; the liquid chamber has a water inlet and a water outlet; the impeller comprises a hub and blades; the liquid chamber is eccentrically arranged relative to the hub; one side of the hub is close to the inner wall surface of the liquid chamber, so the volume between the other side of the hub and the inner wall surface of the liquid chamber is big, the water inlet of the liquid chamber is communicated with the large volume area and the water outlet of the liquid chamber is communicated with the position, where the volume reduces gradually, of the liquid chamber; and the blades can be moveably arranged in the hub relative to the hub. When the hub rotates, the blades extend outwards under the action of the centrifugal force, the tail ends of the blades are matched with the inner wall surface of the liquid chamber and extend radially along with the volume change of the liquid chamber to drive the water current, and thus, the water current flows towards the water outlet only. The self-sucking energy-saving high-efficiency water pump avoids the diffusion and reflux of the water current, improves the pumping efficiency and the flow and has the advantages of saving the energy and protecting the environment.

A hollow fiber for adsorption or filtration. The hollow fiber contains a tubular matrix having a first end and a second end, and a winding channel formed through the tubular matrix and extending between the first end and the second end. The tubular matrix is porous and has a surface-area-to-volume ratio of 10 to 20000 m2 / m3, a thickness of 0.05 to 9.95 mm, an outside diameter of 0.1 to 10 mm, and a length 10 to 90% that of the winding channel. Also disclosed is a method of preparing this hollow fiber.

There is disclosed an inkjet printhead integrated which comprises drive circuitry, a plurality of nozzles and one or more heater elements corresponding to each nozzle. Each heater element is configured to heat a bubble forming liquid in the printhead to a temperature above its boiling point to form a gas bubble therein. The generation of the bubble causes the ejection of a drop of an ejectable liquid (such as ink) through respective corresponding nozzle, to effect printing. Each heater element has a surface area to volume ratio greater than 4:1. This configuration ensures that heat is quickly transferred from the elements to the ink for efficient operation and minimal heating of the printhead substrate.

An animal cage is described suitable for automated use in a vivarium. The cage comprises a study animal; bedding; pathogens; a wireless, a sterilizable scale comprising a sterile case comprising a flexible, penetrated membrane; and a penetrating fastener penetrating the membrane. The comprises four internal volume areas with respect to pathogen content: (1) volume between the membrane and a weighing platform, free of bedding; (2) a sterile volume inside the scale case below the membrane; (3) a vertical channel fluidly connecting the inside of the cage with the first volume; and (4) the inside of the cage outside of the above three volumes. These four volumes are sterilely isolated from air outside the cage. Electronics in the scale communicate wirelessly, through the cage, to cage-associated electronics outside the cage, using narrow beam communications free of device-ID specific protocol. The scale may be disassembled, sterilized in a fluid, re-assembled, and re-used in a different cage.

In a storage device in which physical memory areas are sequentially allocated to virtual volumes according to an access, data are divided based on data creation date and so and are stored in physical RGs. The storage device includes a memory unit including a plurality of physical RGs including a first physical RG; and a controller. The controller sequentially allocates a memory area of the first physical RG or a pool memory area including a plurality of first physical RGs to a first virtual volume based on a use order according to an access to the first virtual volume, receives a break request, and allocates the memory area of the first physical RG of the next use order or the pool memory area including the plurality of first physical RGs of the next use order to the first virtual volume according to the access to the first virtual volume after receiving the break request.

Composite foams are provided including a metal template and a conformal atomic-scale film disposed over such metal template to form a 3-dimensional interconnected structure. The metal template includes a plurality of sintered interconnects, having a plurality of first non-spherical pores, a first non-spherical porosity, and a first surface-area-to-volume ratio. The conformal atomic-scale film has a plurality of second non-spherical pores, a second non-spherical porosity, and a second surface-area-to-volume ratio approximately equal to the first surface-area-to-volume ratio. The plurality of sintered interconnects has a plurality of dendritic particles and the conformal atomic-scale film includes at least one of a layer of graphene and a layer of hexagonal boron nitride.

Pressure swing adsorption process for producing oxygen comprising (a) providing at least one adsorber vessel having a first layer of adsorbent adjacent the feed end of the vessel and a second layer of adsorbent adjacent the first layer, wherein the surface area to volume ratio of the first layer is in the range of about 5 to about 11 cm−1; (b) introducing a pressurized feed gas comprising at least oxygen, nitrogen, and water into the feed end, adsorbing at least a portion of the water in the adsorbent in the first layer, and adsorbing at least a portion of the nitrogen in the adsorbent in the second layer, wherein the superficial contact time of the pressurized feed gas in the first layer is between about 0.08 and about 0.50 sec; and (c) withdrawing a product gas enriched in oxygen from the product end of the adsorber vessel.

In a magnetic resonance system and operating method to set RF transmit parameters for a radio-frequency antenna that is excitable in a number of different, linearly independent transmit modes, the transmit antenna is successively excited in the different transmit modes, and, for each transmit mode in which the radio-frequency antenna is excited, a measured value distribution representing the radio-frequency field produced by the antenna in a defined volume area is determined. The homogeneity of the measured value distribution is evaluated with respect to a defined evaluation criterion and, if the evaluation criterion is satisfied, an optimized radio-frequency field distribution is determined from a combination of the measured value distributions up to that time. If the evaluation criterion is not fulfilled, the radio-frequency antenna is excited with a further transmit mode, and the procedure is repeated.