43 results about "Surface-area-to-volume ratio" patented technology

The invention realtes to a nickel based hydrogenation catalyst, preparation and application thereof. Using alumina or and monox silica as carrier, the catalyst prepared by means of coprecipitation, main containing active component Ni, is characterized in catalyst composed by active component Ni, La, adjuvant X1 and carrier X2O. Calculated by weight of component, the catalyst including: NiO 40-70%, La2O3 2-5%, X2O 20-50%, wherein X1 is selected from one or more of Cu, Mg, Zr, X2 is selected from Al or and Si; surface area to volume ratio thereof is 80-200 m<2>/g, pore volume ratio is 0.4-0.8 ml/g. The catalyst is suit for mono olefin hydrogenation, especially for hydrogenation of pyrolysis C9 distillation, which has higher hydrogenation activity, definited sulfur poison resist and carboid resist to fit for higher require of high colloid raw material hydrogenation which of catalyst has high hydrogenation activity and good stability.

A Heat Exchanger comprising a three-dimensional ordered microstructure material within a shell. The three-dimensional ordered microstructure material has dimensions that allow for large surface area to volume ratios, between 300 and 15000 m²/m³. Alternatively the three-dimensional ordered microstructure may have an open volume fraction between 0.4 and 0.6. The three-dimensional ordered microstructure may be comprised of hollow truss elements and partially filled with a thermally conductive material or a fluid. The Heat Exchanger has a heat transfer coefficient multiplied by the surface area to volume ratio between 3.7*10⁷ and 7*10⁹ Watts per M³K.

Microbial fuel cells may include anode(s), cathode(s) and a biofilm attached to at least the anode. The biofilm may include bacterial cells adapted to facilitate transfer of a plurality of electrons to the anode from a feedstock. In an example embodiment, a microbial fuel surface may include a large surface area to volume ratio in order to increase power (electron) generation and/or transfer.

Provided is a DPF system that can perform DPF regeneration with an appropriate exhaust-injection amount even if the injection amount changes due to age-related deterioration or manufacturing variability of an exhaust-pipe injector. Said DPF system (10) is provided with: temperature sensors (26 and 27) that are provided at the entrance and exit of a DOC (23) and measure the DOC entrance temperature and DOC exit temperature during forced DPF regeneration; a surface-area-to-volume ratio determination means (29) that determines an exhaust-gas surface-area-to-volume ratio by measuring the flow rate of exhaust gas during forced DPF regeneration; and an injector diagnosis means (30) to which the temperatures measured by the temperature sensors (26 and 27) and the value determined by the surface-area-to-volume ratio determination means (29) are inputted. Said injector diagnosis means has: a heat-generation region determination unit (31) that determines whether or not the inputted values lie within a theoretical heat-generation region; and an actual-injection-amount diagnosis unit (32) that diagnoses the amount of decrease in the actual injection amount of an exhaust-pipe injector (24) if the temperatures measured by the temperature sensors (26 and 27) and the value determined by the surface-area-to-volume ratio determination means (29) do lie within the aforementioned theoretical heat-generation region.

The invention provides a method of making a frozen beverage by arranging a frozen confection in a container with the frozen confection having a three-dimensional shape with a surface area to volume ratio higher than the same volume of frozen confection which assumes the shape of the container and being arranged in the container to provide one or more open spaces or cavities including at least one extending through or around the frozen confection to the bottom of the container. The open spaces or cavities allow liquid to penetrate and enter into the frozen confection to facilitate mixing of the liquid and the frozen confection to form the frozen beverage upon demand.

In systems and methods for freezing and subsequently thawing liquid samples containing biological components, a sample is fractioned into a very large number of small drops (10) having surface area to volume ratios of 1000 m-1 or greater. The drops are projected at a liquid cryogen (40) or at the solid surface of a highly thermally conducting metal cup or plate, where they rapidly freeze. The cold gas layer that develops above any cold surface is replaced with a dry gas stream (75). The environmental temperature experienced by the sample then abruptly changes from the warm ambient to the temperature of the cryogenic liquid or solid surface. To thaw drops with the highest warming rates, the frozen drops may be projected into warm liquids. The sample is projected with cold gas to the warm liquid, so that again there is an abrupt transition in the environmental temperature.

The invention discloses a personalized femoral prosthesis and a manufacturing method. The femoral prosthesis structure includes: a patella articular surface prosthesis and a femoral articular prosthesis inside the articular surface prosthesis; Symmetric femoral condyle prosthesis; on the middle surface of the femoral articular surface prosthesis, a truss porous structure prosthesis is distributed in an array; femoral platform prosthesis is arranged on both sides of the femoral articular surface prosthesis. By adopting the parametric modeling method, the change of the model does not need to be redesigned, it can be completed only by adjusting the input parameters, which can greatly improve the design efficiency; due to the adoption of the parametric modeling method, the porosity and average pore diameter can be directly adjusted by adjusting the input parameters , surface area to volume ratio to meet the needs of different age groups; due to the force analysis of motion simulation, the optimal distribution of personalized femoral prosthesis mechanics can be realized.

Absorbent articles comprising superabsorbent particles having an increased surface area to volume ratio are disclosed. The superabsorbent particles comprising the absorbent articles are in flake-like form, and have an average surface area to volume ratio of at least about 0.05 μm⁻¹. In one specific embodiment, the high surface area to volume superabsorbent particles have an average thickness of no more than about 30 micrometers.

There is disclosed an inkjet printhead integrated which comprises drive circuitry, a plurality of nozzles and one or more heater elements corresponding to each nozzle. Each heater element is configured to heat a bubble forming liquid in the printhead to a temperature above its boiling point to form a gas bubble therein. The generation of the bubble causes the ejection of a drop of an ejectable liquid (such as ink) through respective corresponding nozzle, to effect printing. Each heater element has a surface area to volume ratio greater than 4:1. This configuration ensures that heat is quickly transferred from the elements to the ink for efficient operation and minimal heating of the printhead substrate.

Pressure swing adsorption process for producing oxygen comprising (a) providing at least one adsorber vessel having a first layer of adsorbent adjacent the feed end of the vessel and a second layer of adsorbent adjacent the first layer, wherein the surface area to volume ratio of the first layer is in the range of about 5 to about 11 cm⁻¹; (b) introducing a pressurized feed gas comprising at least oxygen, nitrogen, and water into the feed end, adsorbing at least a portion of the water in the adsorbent in the first layer, and adsorbing at least a portion of the nitrogen in the adsorbent in the second layer, wherein the superficial contact time of the pressurized feed gas in the first layer is between about 0.08 and about 0.50 sec; and (c) withdrawing a product gas enriched in oxygen from the product end of the adsorber vessel.

Primary fermentation of grape must can be performed in rectangular vessels, such as conventional fruit picking bins, while providing a comparable surface area to volume ratio of toasted or plain oak to barrel fermentation. The oak or any other wood is provided in the form of planks that are supported in a stacked and spaced apart arrangement in a supporting frame that sits within the bin. The frame and oak can be removed together when sufficient oak flavor has been extracted or before pressing the juice from the must to complete secondary fermentation. The wood and or frame can also provide a means to submerse the cap that forms in primary fermentation.

The present disclosure provides a process for selectively producing a desired monoalkylated aromatic compound comprising the step of contacting in a reaction zone an alkylatable aromatic compound with an alkylating agent in the presence of catalyst comprising a porous crystalline material under at least partial liquid phase conditions, said catalyst manufactured from extrudate to comprise catalytic particulate material of from about 125 microns to about 790 microns in size, having an Effectiveness Factor increased from about 25% to about 750% from that of the original extrudate, and having an external surface area to volume ratio of greater than about 79 cm⁻¹.

A device and system for growing a photosynthetic culture is provided which employs one or a plurality of vertically disposed photopanels having an inner chamber configured for holding liquid and the photosynthetic culture such as algae. The inner chamber of the photopanels may have a shape that is defined as well as structurally supported by bridging elements. The photopanels with the bridging elements may be formed as stepped cones and pyramids utilizing common recyclable clear plastic sheets and membranes. The bridging elements also serve to increases the surface area to volume ratio of the inner chamber, expand the surface area exposed to light, alter the hydrodynamics within the photopanel as well as distribute light as light guides to facilitate homogenization of light exposure to individual cells. The bridging elements also have features that allow utilization of direct light beams with shallow grazing angles. When deployed with a support system that allows both translation and rotation of the photopanels, the deployed photopanel array functions as a complete optical system capable of dynamic control of sun light exposure to an algae culture to optimize photosynthetic efficiency.