199 results about "Irreversible loss" patented technology

In an energy storage and recovery system, working fluid from a first vessel is compressed by power machinery and passes, via a regenerator, into a second vessel, where it is forced to condense, the temperature and pressure of the saturated working liquid/vapour mixture continuously rising during storage. The stored energy is recovered by the vapour returning through the regenerator and power machinery where it expands to produce work before condensing back into the first vessel. The regenerator comprises a gas permeable, solid thermal storage medium which, during storage, stores superheat and some latent heat from the vapour passing through it in respective downstream regions that exhibit continuously increasing temperature profiles during storage and a small temperature difference with the surrounding vapour, thereby minimising irreversible losses during the thermal energy transfers.

The present invention belongs to an improvement of an evaporative cooling cool supply device with dry air energy as power source, and in particular relates to an evaporative refrigeration water chilling unit. A spraying water distributor and a blower are arranged above a direct evaporative cooling heat exchanger; a water storage pool with a circulating water pump is arranged inside a casing on the lower part of the direct evaporative cooling heat exchanger; an air inlet of the casing is provided with a surface air cooler; a water inlet of the circulating water pump is connected with a water outlet at the bottom of the water storage pool through pipelines; a water outlet of the circulating water pump is connected with an indoor sensible heat cool supply terminal through pipelines; an outlet of the indoor sensible heat cool supply terminal is connected with the surface air cooler through pipelines; a water outlet of the surface air cooler is connected with a spraying water distributor through pipelines. The present invention can realize the effective utilization of the cold energy of cold water, reduces the irreversible loss of heat-moisture exchange, improves heat-moisture exchange efficiency, ensures that outlet water temperature can approach to the dew point temperature of inlet air, and improves the efficiency of utilizing dry air energy.

The invention discloses a multi-grade waste heat energy cascade recycling system for a diesel engine, and particularly relates to a combined-type diesel engine waste heat energy recycling system. The waste heat energy recycling system is structurally characterized in that a high-temperature Rankine cycle system is composed of a working medium pump, a thermoelectric generator, an EGR heat exchanger, an exhaust heat exchanger, a steam turbine, a condenser and the like of a high-temperature system; a low-temperature Rankine cycle system is composed of a working medium pump, an EGR heat exchanger, an exhaust heat exchanger, the cylinder body cooling water heat exchanger, the supercharged air heat exchanger, a steam turbine, a condenser and the like of a low-temperature system. A middle electrical machine is arranged between a turbine motor and a supercharger; the waste heat of cooling water, supercharged air, exhausted gas, EGR recirculated waste gas and the like are utilized, and through the high-temperature and low-temperature organic Rankine cycles, thermoelectric power generation, turbine direct power generation and the like, heat exchange can be carried out between various kinds of waste heat generated by the diesel engine and working media sequentially according to the grade. Due to arrangement of the middle electrical machine, the expansion ratio of the exhausted gas can be improved, and excess pressure energy of the exhausted gas can be directly recycled. Full recycling of multi-grade waste heat energy of an internal combustion engine can be achieved, irreversible losses of the system are reduced, the fuel economical efficiency is effectively improved, and therefore the aims of saving energy and reducing emissions are achieved.

The invention discloses a cold-heat circulation aging treatment method for increasing magnetic stability of permanent magnets. The method comprises the following steps of: putting one or more permanent magnets magnetized in a saturated manner on a non-magnetic bottom plate; then putting in a high-low temperature chamber, and freezing at minus 70 DEG C to minus 20 DEG C for 30-120 min; then, heating the high-low temperature chamber to 60-250 DEG C at the temperature increasing rate of 1-10 DEG C/min, and keeping the temperature for 30-240 min; and finally, naturally cooling to room temperature, and completing cold-heat circulation aging treatment. By adopting the method disclosed by the invention, total loss, irreversible loss, reversible loss and reversible temperature coefficients when temperature of the permanent magnets is changed can be effectively eliminated or reduced; and heat stability, time stability, magnetic stability and radiation-resistant magnetic stability of the permanent magnets under a vibration condition can be increased.

The invention provides a combined cycle thermoelectric conversion system utilizing multi-grade waste heat of an internal combustion engine. According to the system, combined organic Rankine cycle is formed by high-temperature grade cycle and low-temperature grade cycle, heat is supplied by exhaust waste heat of the internal combustion engine, supercharged and mid-cooling waste heat, exhaust gas recirculation waste heat and cooling water waste heat, a cooling quantity is provided by cold wind, and the system comprises a high-temperature grade working medium pump, a high-temperature grade heat regenerator, a high-temperature grade exhaust heater, a high-temperature grade EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) heater, a high-temperature grade expansion engine, a high-temperature grade condenser, a low-temperature grade working medium pump, a low-temperature grade heat regenerator, a low-temperature grade cooling water heater, a low-temperature grade supercharged air heater, a low-temperature grade exhaust heater, a low-temperature grade EGR heater, a low-temperature grade expansion engine, a low-temperature grade condenser, a low-temperature grade condenser fan and a power generator. According to the combined cycle thermoelectric conversion system utilizing multi-grade waste heat of the internal combustion engine, comprehensive and efficient utilization of multi-grade waste heat of the internal combustion engine can be achieved, further, irreversible loss is smaller when both the high temperature and the low temperature adopt supercritical expanding cycle, and the integral efficiency of the internal combustion engine can be effectively improved.

The invention provides a solution humidifying air conditioning unit with a fresh air pretreatment device. The solution humidifying air conditioning unit comprises a solution humidifying air treatment unit and a first pre-cooling/heating device; the solution humidifying air treatment unit is provided with a first air inlet passage and an air outlet passage; and the first pre-cooling/heating device is positioned at the upstream of the first air inlet passage. The solution humidifying air conditioning unit reduces the irreversible loss, can achieve relatively high thermodynamic completeness, and remarkably improves the dehumidifying/ humidifying efficiency.

This invention refers to a method about low-temperature multiple-effect desalination of sea water, especially about a new method which effectively applied thermal pumping power-saving technology to desalination of sea water. The desalination of sea water system which apply this method has n effect evaporator(n=2-50) and one condensator aggregately, containing six systems of feeding seawater, recirculated salt water, product water, vacuum, incoagulable gas removal, thermal pumping circulation and starting heating in addition. This invention is based on irreversible thermodynamics principle, via organic integration of evaporator, condensator and low-temperature multiple-effect desalination of sea water system in closed circuit thermal pumping system, as well as special design of energy recovery tache in low-temperature multiple-effect desalination of sea water, decreasing irreversible loss of diversified thermal transmission course which the desalination of sea water refers to in maximum limit, sequentially letting the entropy increasing of whole desalination of sea water course be the least, realizing efficient energy-saving desalination of sea water course.

The invention provides a combined cooling power generation composite system based on a supercritical organic Rankine cycle and belongs to the field of industrial energy conservation. An expansion machine, a power generator and a steam compressing cold cycling compressor of the Rankine cycle are connected coaxially, same organic working medium is used to be simultaneously cooled in a condenser, and a steam compressing refrigerating cycle is coupled effectively on the basis of basic organic Rankine cycle. In addition, supercritical pressure is used to allow heat rising of organic working medium in a heat absorber to be well matched with temperature changing curve of a heat source, system irreversible loss is further lowered, and waste heat recycling rate is improved. Industrial smoke water heat or other water heat sources are used as driving force, combined cooling power generation is performed by taking refrigerating as priority, refrigerating is not performed by using smoke waste heat for power generation and using power for refrigerating, and accordingly loss caused by energy conversion is reduced. Cooling amount and power output amount can be flexibly adjusted according to cooling amount requirements.

The invention relates to a multi-effect cascade jet type heat exchange based exhaust steam waste heat recovering and heat and electrical jointly producing system, belonging to the field of exhaust steam waste heat recovering and heat and power joint producing. The system comprises a steam turbine, a multi-effect cascade jet heat pump, a heating network last-stage heater, a low-pressure steam-water heater, a high-temperature heating network heater, a steam condenser, a power generator and a condensate pump. The multi-effect cascade jet heat pump comprises a cascade first-stage mixing section, a cascade first-stage throat part, a cascade first-stage diffusing section, a cascade last-stage diffusing section, and a cascade last-stage distributor which are connected into a whole body in sequence, wherein the cascade first-stage mixing section is provided with a cascade first-stage jet opening. The system adopts the multi-effect cascade workflow, thereby the irreversible loss of the jet heat pump is greatly reduced, a large proportion of the exhaust steam is mixed with the medium-pressure extraction steam used as the driving steam, and the pressure is increased greatly. The primary heating network returns water, the technical problems of recovering the exhaust steam waste heat efficiently by adopting the jet heat pump and supplying heat by using the recovered exhaust steam waste heat are solved, and the waste heat recovering capacity is improved by several times.

The invention discloses a small-scale throttling low-temperature refrigerator circulation system with an ejector, which comprises a compressor connected to a pipeline, a cooler, two regenerators and a throttle valve. Another ejector is further arranged between a second regenerator and an evaporator. By utilizing the effects of expansion and pressurization of the ejector, the invention can enhance the suction pressure of the compressor, lower the pressure ratio and the air absorption ratio capacity of the compressor, thus correspondingly lowering the unit power consumption of the compressor and enhancing the gas transmission rate of the compressor, increasing the cooling capacity of the system and enhancing the performance coefficient of the system. On the other hand, the ejector is adopted to result in that the heat exchange water equivalent of two sides of the regenerator is more matched, thus improving the heat recovery process and reducing the irreversible loss in the heat recovery process. Thereby, the small-scale throttling low-temperature refrigerator circulation system with an ejector has obvious advantages with respect to improving the performance of the throttling refrigeration system.

The invention discloses a lithium ion battery cathode material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method adopts graphite micropowder as a core material and comprises the following steps of coating at least one carbon compound on the surface of the core material to form a first coating layer, carrying out a secondary coating process by utilizing at least one carbon compound to form a second coating layer, and carrying out graphitization processing to form a graphite material with a shell-core structure. In the invention, a novel cathode material is synthesized through a two-step granulation method, and can reduce or avoid that a lithium ion battery produces a lithium precipitating phenomenon when the lithium ion battery is charged and discharged at low temperature, thus reduce irreversible loss which belongs to Li <+> and is produced in a lithium ion battery charging-discharging process at low temperature.

The invention discloses a mixed working medium thermal circulating system and method for power and refrigeration cogeneration. In the system, an ammonia and water mixture is utilized as a working medium, and the middle/low temperature heat is utilized as a heat source. The method comprises the following steps: heating the ammonia water working medium to obtain superheated steam; introducing the superheated steam into a turbine to do work; introducing the exhaust steam of the turbine into a rectification tower to supply heat for the rectification process; introducing the ammonia generated by the rectification tower into an evaporator after condensing, undercooling and throttling; throttling a dilute solution subjected to waste heat recovery, introducing the throttled dilute solution into aabsorber, mixing with the ammonia from the evaporator and condensing; and introducing a heat source into a steam generator firstly, and then introducing the heat source into a waste heat solution heat exchanger. The steam generator adopts the ammonia water strong solution as the working medium, the variable temperature evaporation feature of the ammonia water strong solution is well matched with the temperature of the heat source, thus the irreversible loss of the heat exchange process in the steam generator is reduced; simultaneously the exhaust steam of the turbine directly enters into the rectification tower to supply the rectifying heat without condensation, thus the irreversible loss caused by the variable temperature condensation of the ammonia water working medium is avoided; and the mixed type heat transfer is adopted, thus the irreversible loss of the heat exchange process is reduced.

The invention discloses a heat exchange system for a cryogenic separation device for coal gasification device feed gas CH4, which comprises a plate-fin main heat exchanger, a mixed refrigerant circulating compressor and a nitrogen circulating compressor. A feed gas channel, a mixed refrigerant channel and a nitrogen channel are arranged in the main heat exchanger. The feed gas from an upstream coal gasification device is subjected to heat exchange in the main heat exchanger, is cooled by a reboiler, and enters the main heat exchanger to be further cooled and partially condensed to a washing tower. An inlet/outlet of the mixed refrigerant heat exchange channel in the main heat exchanger is connected to an inlet/outlet of closed mixed refrigerant circulation respectively. An inlet/outlet of the nitrogen heat exchange channel in the main heat exchanger is connected to an inlet/outlet of the nitrogen circulating compressor. Due to the adoption of the mode of combining the closed mixed refrigerant refrigeration cycle and the nitrogen refrigeration cycle and due to the use of an air-separation liquid nitrogen complementation method, the heat transfer temperature difference of the main heat exchanger can be improved, the irreversible loss of the main heat exchanger can be reduced, and the energy consumption of the whole set of the cryogenic separation device can be reduced.

The invention discloses a rare-earth permanent magnet material and a preparation method thereof. The rare-earth permanent magnet material comprises the following components: R(a-x-y)Ho(x)Dy(y)Fe(1-a-b-c-d)Co(d)M(c)B(b), wherein x, y, a, b, c and d are weight percentage of all elements, a is more than or equal to 28% and less than or equal to 34%, b is more than or equal to 0.95% and less than or equal to 1.3%, c is more than or equal to 0% and less than or equal to 1.5%, d is more than or equal to 1% and less than or equal to 10%, x is more than or equal to 15% and less than or equal to 20% and y is more than or equal to 3% and less than or equal to 8%; R is a rare earth element and is selected from one or more of Nd, Pr, La, Ce, Gd and Tb; and M is selected from one or more elements of Al, Cu, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Hf, Mn, Nb, Sn, Mo, Ga and Si. A casting technique is adopted to prepare a rare-earth permanent magnet material casting ingot, or a fast setting sheet technique is adopted to prepare a fast setting sheet, and the rare-earth permanent magnet material provided by the invention is prepared by procedures of grinding, molding, sintering and the like. By the rare-earth permanent magnet material provided by the invention, the coercive force is improved, the flux irreversible loss of the permanent magnet at the high temperature of 200 DEG C is less than or equal to 5%, and the permanent magnet can work normally at the temperature of 240 DEG C.

The invention discloses a pump-free organic Rankine cycle power generation system with compression refrigeration efficiency. The system comprises a supersonic steam-liquid two-phase flow jet pump, anevaporator, an expansion machine, an evaporation condenser, an expansion pressure reduction device, a cooler, a throttling valve, a compressor and a generator which are connected with one another to form an organic Rankine cycle and a steam compression refrigeration cycle. According to the pump-free organic Rankine cycle power generation system with the compression refrigeration efficiency, the supersonic steam-liquid two-phase flow jet pump is adopted to replace a working medium pump in a conventional system, the organic Rankine cycle is coupled with the steam compression refrigeration cyclethrough the evaporation condenser, cooling capacity is provided for the organic Rankine cycle through refrigerating capacity produced by the refrigeration cycle, and the condensation temperature of exhaust gas at an outlet of the expansion machine is reduced; and meanwhile, the expansion pressure reduction device is adopted to recycle pressure energy of the high-pressure liquid working medium in aloop in the steam compression refrigeration circulation, and the irreversible loss of the side throttling process of the refrigeration cycle is reduced.

The invention discloses a thermal power generation system combined by a water saving type solar combustion gas turbine and a kalian cycle, which comprises a tower type heat collecting system for preheating air, a combustion gas turbine system, a combustion gas turbine power generation system and a kalian cycle power generation system, wherein the combustion gas turbine system is used for receiving and gathering solar irradiation energy, converting the received solar irradiation energy to heat energy, transmitting the heat energy to compressed air and then outputting the compressed air to the combustion gas turbine driven by complementation of solar energy and fuel; the combustion gas turbine power generation system is used for receiving heat energy generated by the solar heat generating system and burning of the fuel and converting the heat energy to electric energy; and the kalian cycle power generation system is used for receiving intermediate cold and hot and waste heat of gas exhausted by the combustion gas turbine and converting the intermediate cold and hot and the waste heat to electric energy. According to the invention, the top cycle takes air as a working medium, and the bottom cycle is kalian cycle, so that water consumption in the solar thermal power generation system is reduced, the disadvantage of keeping high vacuum degree in the traditional steam bottom cycle condenser is solved, the cost is reduced, exhaust gas temperature is further decreased, irreversible loss during heat exchanging process is reduced, and the generating efficiency of the cycle is improved.

The invention provides an exhaust steam direct-absorption type lithium bromide heat pump system which comprises an absorber, wherein a low-temperature exhaust steam pipeline is externally connected to the absorber; a liquid outlet of the absorber is communicated with a generator which is internally provided with a condenser through a dilute solution pipeline and then is connected with a liquid inlet through a concentration solution pipeline; a heating pipeline is connected to the generator; the heating pipeline is outputted through the generator and a steam-driving draining pipeline; a heat network pipeline is connected to the absorber, sequentially passes through the absorber and a heat exchange tube in the condenser of the generator and then is outputted; and a liquid outlet of the condenser is communicated with a steam condensation water pipeline for outputting exhaust steam and draining. According to the exhaust steam direct-absorption type lithium bromide heat pump system disclosed by the invention, two links of heat exchange of the exhaust steam and circulating water and heat release of the circulating water in an evaporator in a heat pump are omitted, so that the heat pump system is greatly simplified and the system investment is reduced. Meanwhile, the pulsation of the circulating water is saved and the operation cost is reduced. In addition, two intermediate heat exchange processes are omitted, so that the irreversible loss of the system is reduced and the performances of the system are greatly improved.

The invention provides a composite positive pole material for a lithium ion battery, belonging to the technical field of composite functional materials. The composite positive pole material for the lithium ion battery is formed by compounding LiFePO4 as a compound with elemental sulfur, wherein LiFePO4 is a porous compound with nanometer pores; and elemental sulfur is present in the nanometer pores of LiFePO4. According to the invention, Li3PO4, FeC2O4.2H2O and (NH4)2HPO4 serve as the raw materials to prepare porous lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) by a hydrothermal template method; and a method of compounding gaseous sulfur with porous lithium iron phosphate is adopted to prepare the composite positive pole material. The elemental sulfur is fixed in the pores of LiFePO4, therefore, the irreversible loss of active materials caused by dissolution of the discharging product of sulfur into an electrolyte can be prevented, and the recycling performance of the positive pole material and the utilization rate of active materials can be improved. Meanwhile, the porous LiFePO4 serving as the supporting material of elemental sulfur is a good positive pole material for the lithium ion battery, and contributes to the specific capacity of the whole composite positive pole material.

The invention discloses a multistage absorption refrigerating/heat pump unit, consisting of two or more single-stage generating-condensation units and two or more single-stage absorption-evaporation units, a solution heat exchanger, a throttling device, a meter, a valve and a connection pipeline. The single-stage generating-condensation unit consists of a heat insulating generator and a regular condenser, the single-stage absorption-evaporation unit consists of a heat insulating absorber and an evaporator, the single-stage generating-condensation units are serially connected, and the single-stage absorption-evaporation units are serially connected. A refrigerating working medium diluted solution is gradually heated and flash-evaporated in each heat insulating generator, the flash-evaporated concentrated solution is gradually cooled to absorb refrigerant steam in each heat insulating absorber to become the diluted solution, and refrigerant solution is gradually throttled, decompressed and evaporated in each evaporator. Through gradually changing temperature and exchanging heat, reducing the temperature difference of exchanging heat and lowering irreversible loss in the process of exchanging heat, the performance of the unit is improved, and the unit is convenient to be inspected and fixed.

The invention discloses a lithium-ion battery preparation method. The lithium-ion battery preparation method comprises the steps which are as follows: an anode piece, a cathode piece, and a membrane are assembled together into a battery; before, the anode piece, the cathode piece, and the membrane are together assembled into the battery, an SEI film is formed on the cathode piece. The invention also discloses a lithium-ion battery obtained through the lithium-ion battery preparation method. The lithium-ion battery preparation method reduces the irreversible losses of Li+ during the first charging-discharging process of the lithium-ion battery, improves the first discharging capacity and the first charging-discharging efficiency, and improves the energy density of the lithium-ion battery.

The invention relates to a heat regenerative system adopting jet-type heat pumps. The heat regenerative system comprises a plurality of levels of heaters which are successively connected, wherein the heater of each level is respectively connected with an extraction steam pipeline of the level, and an indirect heater is arranged between the heaters of every two adjacent levels and is communicated with the heaters of the two adjacent levels; and a jet-type heat pump is arranged between the extraction steam pipelines of the heaters of every two adjacent levels, is communicated with the extraction steam pipelines of the heaters of the two adjacent levels and are corresponding to the indirect heater of the level, and the outlet of each jet-type heat pump is connected with the inlet of each indirect heater. The jet-type heat pumps are arranged in the heat regenerative system provided by the invention, extraction steam with higher pressure is utilized to inject lower-level extraction steam with lower pressure, so that mixed steam the pressure of which is between the pressures of two levels of extraction pressure is generated; and an indirect regenerative heater utilizing the mixed streamas a heating stream source is additionally arranged, thereby reducing the irreversible loss of a regenerative process, and improving the heat efficiency of a machine set.

The invention belongs to the field of electric arc additive manufacturing, and discloses an electric arc additive and subtractive composite integrated manufacturing method of a thruster model. The method comprises the steps of (a) dividing the thruster model into three parts, slicing and layering the three parts, and planning a filling trajectory of each slicing layer, wherein the slicing directions of a rotor and a stator are along the outer normal direction of a spindle, each slicing layer forms a slicing contour on the spindle, a filling trajectory is planned in each slicing contour, and obtaining the filling trajectory of each slicing layer; (b) molding the spindle; and (c) molding the rotor and the stator. In the project for layer-by-layer processing the slicing layers, the slicing layers are detected in real time through infrared thermography defect detecting and line laser appearance detecting, so that additive and subtractive composite integrated manufacturing is realized. Through the electric arc additive and subtractive composite integrated manufacturing method of the thruster model provided by the invention, the irreversible loss caused since waste products are detectedafter parts are printed is avoided, the energy and raw material consumption is reduced, and the manufacturing period is shortened.

The invention discloses electrolyte solution for lithium metal batteries. Esters, ethers or ether ester blend solution is used as an organic solvent for the electrolyte solution. The electrolyte solution comprises lithium salt with the molar concentration of 1.0-5.0 mol/L and additives with lithium nitrate and metal halide. The electrolyte solution has the advantages that electrolyte solution systems with the additives can be used for the lithium metal batteries, accordingly, stable mixed ionic conductor interface layers can be formed on the surfaces of lithium negative electrodes, direct contact between the electrolyte solution and metal lithium can be prevented to the greatest extent, lithium dentrite growth and irreversible loss of lithium sources can be reduced, lithium ions can be quickly migrated on the interface layers and can be uniformly deposited on electrodes, the coulombic efficiency of the metal lithium can be obviously improved by the electrolyte solution with the additives, the service lives of the total batteries can be obviously prolonged by the electrolyte solution with the additives, and the electrolyte solution has an excellent application prospect.

The invention discloses a refrigeration circulating system with a double-stage-injection ejector. The refrigeration circulating system comprises a compressor, a condenser, a gas and liquid separator, a first throttling mechanism, a second throttling mechanism, a first evaporator, a second evaporator and the ejector with a double-stage injection function which are connected on a pipeline, the ejector is provided with two suction chambers and two diffusers, and two refrigerant flows with different evaporating temperatures from the two evaporators are respectively injected. The double evaporators with different evaporating temperatures are arranged and can match with change of the temperature of an air side better, and irreversible loss in an evaporation heat exchange process can be reduced. Simultaneously, higher outlet pressure of the ejector with the double-stage injection function can be obtained as compared with a conventional single-stage ejector, air suction pressure of the compressor is improved, air suction specific volume is reduced, and accordingly a performance coefficient and refrigerating capacity or heating capacity of unit volume of the system are further increased. Accordingly, the refrigeration system has remarkable advantages in terms of improving performances of a refrigeration system.

The invention solves technical issues existed in carbon cathode material: larger energy loss; poor charging and discharging performance in high scale factor; easy of forming passive film co cause irreversible loss in initial capacity; when overcharge, because of near potential between carbon and lithium, it is easy to separate out lithium on surface of carbon pole to form dendritic crystal to cause short circuit possibly; low electrochemical capacity of carbon material, theoretical capacity as 327mAh/g. main points of the invention are: as main body, stibiumis combined with metals such as iron, lead, tin and germanium form stibiumis based composite oxides, stibiumis based alloys or stibiumis based metal compound powder to be as cathode material. Advantages are: high electrochemical capacities of the said stibiumis based composite oxides, stibiumis based alloys or stibiumis based metal compound powder, and good charging and discharging performance in high scale factor. The disclosed material meets actual need.