353results about How to "Reduce irreversible loss" patented technology

The invention belongs to the technical field of energy conservation, and relates to a variable frequency energy-saving control method for a refrigeration system. The control method comprises the steps of: determining the mass flow of a refrigerant according to the change or change trend of cooling load, then determining consumed power of a compressor which satisfies the flow, predicting the minimum condensation pressure which ensures that the thermal load of a condenser satisfies the cooling load and the power change of the compressor through an established energy-saving control mathematical model, and gradually adjusting the power frequency of the compressor to ensure that the rotating speed of the compressor reaches a predicted value; and adjusting the opening degree of an expansion valve to ensure that the condensation pressure reaches to be lowest, realizing the minimum pressure difference operation between the condenser and an evaporator, and ensuring that the operation energy consumption of the refrigeration system is lowest. The method solves the optimizing control problem of the compressor, the expansion valve and a fan in the system, utilizes the energy-saving control mathematical model to perform joint regulation on controllable factors (such as the rotating speed of the compressor, the opening degree of the expansion valve, and the air volume of an outdoor unit) of the operation of the system, ensures that the refrigeration system operates at a best operating point, and realizes the further energy conservation of the refrigeration system based on the variable frequency regulation.

The invention discloses a multi-grade waste heat energy cascade recycling system for a diesel engine, and particularly relates to a combined-type diesel engine waste heat energy recycling system. The waste heat energy recycling system is structurally characterized in that a high-temperature Rankine cycle system is composed of a working medium pump, a thermoelectric generator, an EGR heat exchanger, an exhaust heat exchanger, a steam turbine, a condenser and the like of a high-temperature system; a low-temperature Rankine cycle system is composed of a working medium pump, an EGR heat exchanger, an exhaust heat exchanger, the cylinder body cooling water heat exchanger, the supercharged air heat exchanger, a steam turbine, a condenser and the like of a low-temperature system. A middle electrical machine is arranged between a turbine motor and a supercharger; the waste heat of cooling water, supercharged air, exhausted gas, EGR recirculated waste gas and the like are utilized, and through the high-temperature and low-temperature organic Rankine cycles, thermoelectric power generation, turbine direct power generation and the like, heat exchange can be carried out between various kinds of waste heat generated by the diesel engine and working media sequentially according to the grade. Due to arrangement of the middle electrical machine, the expansion ratio of the exhausted gas can be improved, and excess pressure energy of the exhausted gas can be directly recycled. Full recycling of multi-grade waste heat energy of an internal combustion engine can be achieved, irreversible losses of the system are reduced, the fuel economical efficiency is effectively improved, and therefore the aims of saving energy and reducing emissions are achieved.

The invention discloses a thermal circulation system cooled by liquefied natural gas and a flow. The thermal circulation system consists of a Brayton-Rankine power circulation unit and an LNG liquefaction unit, wherein the power circulation is realized by using a CO2 circulating medium and coupled by the backheating-combustion-expansion work doing flow of backheating Brayton circulation and the condensation-liquid compression pressurization process of Rankine circulation and the backheating unit is used for realizing the effective heat integration in the circulation; meanwhile, through system coupling, the LNG liquefaction unit is used as a cold source of the power circulation to provide a cold source of which the temperature is always below ambient temperature for the condensation process of the power circulation, so the CO2 generated in a combustion reaction is separated from the circulation without consuming mechanical power. The thermal performance of the thermal circulation system is improved greatly. At the same time, the system realizes zero CO2 discharge while applying a pure oxygen combustion technique. Thus, the system has higher economy and environmental-protection performance and a promising engineering application prospect.

The invention discloses a wind and solar hybrid energy storage and power generation integration system and process. The system comprises a wind power generation subsystem, a solar energy storage subsystem, a liquefied air subsystem and a power subsystem. The process comprises the following steps: solar energy is gathered by a thermal collector to obtain heat energy, the heat energy is stored in heat storge medium; wind energy is converted to electric energy, the wind power is used to liquefy air and stored in the liquefied air; and when electricity is required, the liquefied air is pressurized to recycle cold energy for the air liquefying process, then the air is heated by the high temperature heat storge medium which stores solar energy to obtain high temperature and high pressure air, and finally the air is sent to a multistage reheating turbine to expand and do work. The system of the invention recycles the cold energy of the liquefied air to reduce the wasted work for air liquefying; a pump is used to increase the pressure of the working medium, thus reducing the wasted work for compressing the working medium; the turbine utilizes recycled heat for exhaustm, thus effectively utilizing heat energy; solar energy is utilized to heat the working medium at the inlet of the turbine, thus increasing the expansion efficiency of the turbine; and wind energy and solar energy can be utilized for complementation, energy storage and power generation can be integrated and the system of the invention has wide application prospect.

The invention discloses a backheating method and a backheating structure for a heat pump air conditioner, which can improve the performance of the air conditioner. The backheating structure comprises heat exchangers A and B, a compressor, and a throttling element connected between the heat exchangers A and B, wherein the heat exchanger B is connected with the compressor by an air suction pipe of the compressor; and a higher-temperature coolant in the throttling element performs heat exchange with a lower-temperature coolant in the air suction pipe of the compressor. In the backheating method and the backheating structure, the temperature of the coolant in the throttling element can be reduced by performing backheating in a throttling process, thereby retarding the evaporation of the coolant and the change of the dryness of the coolant, making more stable the flow regime of the coolant and reducing inevitable loss; and the dryness of the coolant at an outlet of the throttling element is reduced, namely, the degree of subcooling of the air conditioner is increased, so the cooling capacity of the air conditioner can be improved. The backheating method and the backheating structure for the heat pump air conditioner can improve the cooling or heating performance of the heat pump air conditioner; and the backheating structure is simplified to a certain extent so as to be convenient to manufacture and save the cost.

The invention provides a combined cycle thermoelectric conversion system utilizing multi-grade waste heat of an internal combustion engine. According to the system, combined organic Rankine cycle is formed by high-temperature grade cycle and low-temperature grade cycle, heat is supplied by exhaust waste heat of the internal combustion engine, supercharged and mid-cooling waste heat, exhaust gas recirculation waste heat and cooling water waste heat, a cooling quantity is provided by cold wind, and the system comprises a high-temperature grade working medium pump, a high-temperature grade heat regenerator, a high-temperature grade exhaust heater, a high-temperature grade EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) heater, a high-temperature grade expansion engine, a high-temperature grade condenser, a low-temperature grade working medium pump, a low-temperature grade heat regenerator, a low-temperature grade cooling water heater, a low-temperature grade supercharged air heater, a low-temperature grade exhaust heater, a low-temperature grade EGR heater, a low-temperature grade expansion engine, a low-temperature grade condenser, a low-temperature grade condenser fan and a power generator. According to the combined cycle thermoelectric conversion system utilizing multi-grade waste heat of the internal combustion engine, comprehensive and efficient utilization of multi-grade waste heat of the internal combustion engine can be achieved, further, irreversible loss is smaller when both the high temperature and the low temperature adopt supercritical expanding cycle, and the integral efficiency of the internal combustion engine can be effectively improved.

This invention refers to a method about low-temperature multiple-effect desalination of sea water, especially about a new method which effectively applied thermal pumping power-saving technology to desalination of sea water. The desalination of sea water system which apply this method has n effect evaporator(n=2-50) and one condensator aggregately, containing six systems of feeding seawater, recirculated salt water, product water, vacuum, incoagulable gas removal, thermal pumping circulation and starting heating in addition. This invention is based on irreversible thermodynamics principle, via organic integration of evaporator, condensator and low-temperature multiple-effect desalination of sea water system in closed circuit thermal pumping system, as well as special design of energy recovery tache in low-temperature multiple-effect desalination of sea water, decreasing irreversible loss of diversified thermal transmission course which the desalination of sea water refers to in maximum limit, sequentially letting the entropy increasing of whole desalination of sea water course be the least, realizing efficient energy-saving desalination of sea water course.

The invention provides a combined cooling power generation composite system based on a supercritical organic Rankine cycle and belongs to the field of industrial energy conservation. An expansion machine, a power generator and a steam compressing cold cycling compressor of the Rankine cycle are connected coaxially, same organic working medium is used to be simultaneously cooled in a condenser, and a steam compressing refrigerating cycle is coupled effectively on the basis of basic organic Rankine cycle. In addition, supercritical pressure is used to allow heat rising of organic working medium in a heat absorber to be well matched with temperature changing curve of a heat source, system irreversible loss is further lowered, and waste heat recycling rate is improved. Industrial smoke water heat or other water heat sources are used as driving force, combined cooling power generation is performed by taking refrigerating as priority, refrigerating is not performed by using smoke waste heat for power generation and using power for refrigerating, and accordingly loss caused by energy conversion is reduced. Cooling amount and power output amount can be flexibly adjusted according to cooling amount requirements.

The invention discloses a dual-temperature-heat-pipe constant-temperature and constant-humidity air-conditioning unit, comprising an air treatment circulating system and a dual-temperature refrigeration circulating system which are coupled through a high-temperature evaporator (3) and a low-temperature evaporator (5), wherein the air treatment circulating system comprises an air inlet (1), a filter (2), the high-temperature evaporator (3), a heat pipe exchanger evaporation section (4), a low-temperature evaporator (5), an air blower (6), a heat pipe exchanger condensation section (7), an electric heater (8), an electrode-type steam humidifier (9) and an air supply outlet (10) which are arranged in sequence according to the air flowing path; and the dual-temperature refrigeration circulating system consists of a high-voltage level refrigeration circulating loop and a low-voltage level refrigeration circulating loop. The dual-temperature-heat-pipe constant-temperature and constant-humidity air-conditioning unit also comprises a temperature sensor (18), a temperature controller (20), a humidity sensor (19) and a humidity controller (21). The dual-temperature-heat-pipe constant-temperature and constant-humidity air-conditioning unit disclosed by the invention can be used for effectively solving the problem of the common cold-hot offset and has greater energy-saving potential.

The invention discloses a mixed working medium thermal circulating system and method for power and refrigeration cogeneration. In the system, an ammonia and water mixture is utilized as a working medium, and the middle/low temperature heat is utilized as a heat source. The method comprises the following steps: heating the ammonia water working medium to obtain superheated steam; introducing the superheated steam into a turbine to do work; introducing the exhaust steam of the turbine into a rectification tower to supply heat for the rectification process; introducing the ammonia generated by the rectification tower into an evaporator after condensing, undercooling and throttling; throttling a dilute solution subjected to waste heat recovery, introducing the throttled dilute solution into aabsorber, mixing with the ammonia from the evaporator and condensing; and introducing a heat source into a steam generator firstly, and then introducing the heat source into a waste heat solution heat exchanger. The steam generator adopts the ammonia water strong solution as the working medium, the variable temperature evaporation feature of the ammonia water strong solution is well matched with the temperature of the heat source, thus the irreversible loss of the heat exchange process in the steam generator is reduced; simultaneously the exhaust steam of the turbine directly enters into the rectification tower to supply the rectifying heat without condensation, thus the irreversible loss caused by the variable temperature condensation of the ammonia water working medium is avoided; and the mixed type heat transfer is adopted, thus the irreversible loss of the heat exchange process is reduced.

The invention provides a solar energy system combined cooling and electricity based on an ammonia water mixed refrigerant. The system comprises a steam generator (106) which adopts the ammonia water mixed refrigerant, makes the solar energy as an energy source of the energy, and provides the energy for the whole solar energy system combined cooling and electricity; a first separator (107) used for separating the high-temperature high-pressure ammonia water wet steam generated by the steam generator (106) to be ammonia-enriched steam and ammonia-poor solution, wherein the ammonia-enriched steam is powered after acting of a bleeder turbine (110), the ammonia-poor solution is mixed with ammonia-enriched dead steam discharged from the bleeder turbine (110) through cooling and depressurizationin sequence, passes through a heat regenerator (115), enters a second separator (119), is congealed and depressurized by the ammonia-enriched steam separated from the second separator (119), and finally refrigerating capacity is produced through an evaporator (112).

The invention relates to a low-temperature Rankine circulation system employing non-azeotropic mixed working medium variable components. An evaporator is provided with a heat source inlet, a heat source outlet, a basic component working medium inlet and a basic component working medium outlet. The inlet of a steam-liquid separator is connected with the working medium outlet of the evaporator; the inlet of a steam turbine or an expansion machine is connected with a steam outlet for steam in the upper part of the steam-liquid separator; a power generator is coaxially connected with the steam turbine or the expansion machine; the inlet of a preheater is connected with an outlet for liquid in the lower part of the steam-liquid separator; a high-temperature liquid outlet is connected with the inlet of a throttle valve; the outlet of the preheater is connected with the working medium inlet of the evaporator; the working medium inlet is connected with the outlet of a circulating pump; the inlet of a mixer is connected with the steam outlet of the steam turbine or the expansion machine and the outlet of the throttle valve respectively; the low-temperature working medium inlet of a condenser is connected with the low-temperature working medium outlet of the mixer; the working medium liquid outlet of the condenser is connected with the inlet of the circulating pump; and the cold source inlet and the cold source outlet of the condenser are connected with a cold source. Through the low-temperature Rankine circulation system, the structure of the steam turbine can be simplified, the cost can be reduced, and the circulation efficiency can be improved obviously.

The invention discloses a cooling, heating and power combined supply system based on a double-pressure organic Rankine cycle. The cooling, heating and power combined supply system comprises a low-pressure working medium pump, a low-temperature heat regenerator, a high-pressure working medium pump, a high-temperature evaporator, a high-pressure expander, a low-pressure expander, a first condenser, a low-temperature evaporator, a high-temperature heat regenerator, a generator, a compressor, a second condenser, a throttling valve, a refrigeration evaporator and a transmission device. According to the cooling, heating and power combined supply system, the low-grade heat energy is adopted for supplying drive force, the high-pressure expander is utilized for driving the compressor in the refrigeration cycle, and the cooling capacity is provided through air cooling; the low-pressure expander is utilized for driving the generator to provide electric energy; and the high-temperature heat regenerator further absorbs the energy in a low-grade heat source, and domestic hot water is provided. According to the system, cooling, heating and power combined supply can be achieved, and the utilization efficiency of the low-grade heat energy is improved.

Embodiments of the invention relate to materials used in secondary batteries and the method for manufacturing the same. To address the problems of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a negative electrode material for a non-aqueous Li-ion cell comprising active component particles capable of reversibly intercalating or alloying with lithium ions with a carbon coating layer containing an electronically conductive, elastic, carbon material capable of reversibly expanding and contracting to maintain electrical contact between the particles within an electrode matrix as the material is cycled electrochemically. Accordingly, several objects and advantages of embodiments of the invention include improved cycle life of high capacity active materials suitable for use in secondary batteries and the high capacity, long life cells.

The invention discloses a pump-free organic Rankine cycle power generation system with compression refrigeration efficiency. The system comprises a supersonic steam-liquid two-phase flow jet pump, anevaporator, an expansion machine, an evaporation condenser, an expansion pressure reduction device, a cooler, a throttling valve, a compressor and a generator which are connected with one another to form an organic Rankine cycle and a steam compression refrigeration cycle. According to the pump-free organic Rankine cycle power generation system with the compression refrigeration efficiency, the supersonic steam-liquid two-phase flow jet pump is adopted to replace a working medium pump in a conventional system, the organic Rankine cycle is coupled with the steam compression refrigeration cyclethrough the evaporation condenser, cooling capacity is provided for the organic Rankine cycle through refrigerating capacity produced by the refrigeration cycle, and the condensation temperature of exhaust gas at an outlet of the expansion machine is reduced; and meanwhile, the expansion pressure reduction device is adopted to recycle pressure energy of the high-pressure liquid working medium in aloop in the steam compression refrigeration circulation, and the irreversible loss of the side throttling process of the refrigeration cycle is reduced.

The invention relates to an anode active material and a preparation method and application thereof. The anode active material includes: silicon oxide particles; and elemental silicon nanoparticles dispersed in the silicon oxide particles, wherein the median particle size of the monatomic silicon nanoparticles is 0.2-20 nm; the silicon oxide particles comprise lithium, the lithium in the silicon oxide particles comprises a lithium silicate compound, and the lithium silicate compound comprises one or more of Li2Si2O5, Li6Si2O7, Li2SiO3, Li8SiO6 and Li4SiO4. The anode active material disclosed bythe invention has the advantages of high capacity and coulombic efficiency, good multiplying power and cycle performance, the low expansion rate and the like when being used in a secondary battery. The preparation method is good in repeatability and high in safety. The secondary battery provided by the invention has the characteristics of high volume energy density, good rate capability, good cycling stability, low expansion rate and the like.

The invention discloses a nonadiabatic gas expansion compressed air energy storage system. A motor is connected with a compressor set and an expansion machine set. The expansion machine set is formed by connecting a plurality of expansion machines in series, and a reheater is arranged in front of each expansion machine. The gas outlet of the compressor set is connected with the inlet of a high-pressure gas storage chamber through an intercooler, and the outlet of the high-pressure gas storage chamber is connected with a first fluid inlet of the first reheater. A first fluid outlet of the first reheater is connected with the gas inlet of the first expansion machine. The gas outlet of the previous expansion machine is connected with the gas outlet of the latter expansion machine through one reheater. The gas outlet of the last expansion machine is connected with the atmosphere. The outlet of a U-shaped pipe heat exchanger is connected with second fluid inlets of all the reheaters, the second fluid outlets of all the reheaters are connected with the inlet of a pressure pump, and the outlet of the pressure pump is connected with the inlet of the U-shaped pipe heat exchanger. The nonadiabatic gas expansion compressed air energy storage system is high in operating efficiency and good in operating economy and environmentally friendliness.

The invention provides an exhaust steam direct-absorption type lithium bromide heat pump system which comprises an absorber, wherein a low-temperature exhaust steam pipeline is externally connected to the absorber; a liquid outlet of the absorber is communicated with a generator which is internally provided with a condenser through a dilute solution pipeline and then is connected with a liquid inlet through a concentration solution pipeline; a heating pipeline is connected to the generator; the heating pipeline is outputted through the generator and a steam-driving draining pipeline; a heat network pipeline is connected to the absorber, sequentially passes through the absorber and a heat exchange tube in the condenser of the generator and then is outputted; and a liquid outlet of the condenser is communicated with a steam condensation water pipeline for outputting exhaust steam and draining. According to the exhaust steam direct-absorption type lithium bromide heat pump system disclosed by the invention, two links of heat exchange of the exhaust steam and circulating water and heat release of the circulating water in an evaporator in a heat pump are omitted, so that the heat pump system is greatly simplified and the system investment is reduced. Meanwhile, the pulsation of the circulating water is saved and the operation cost is reduced. In addition, two intermediate heat exchange processes are omitted, so that the irreversible loss of the system is reduced and the performances of the system are greatly improved.

The invention discloses a multistage absorption refrigerating/heat pump unit, consisting of two or more single-stage generating-condensation units and two or more single-stage absorption-evaporation units, a solution heat exchanger, a throttling device, a meter, a valve and a connection pipeline. The single-stage generating-condensation unit consists of a heat insulating generator and a regular condenser, the single-stage absorption-evaporation unit consists of a heat insulating absorber and an evaporator, the single-stage generating-condensation units are serially connected, and the single-stage absorption-evaporation units are serially connected. A refrigerating working medium diluted solution is gradually heated and flash-evaporated in each heat insulating generator, the flash-evaporated concentrated solution is gradually cooled to absorb refrigerant steam in each heat insulating absorber to become the diluted solution, and refrigerant solution is gradually throttled, decompressed and evaporated in each evaporator. Through gradually changing temperature and exchanging heat, reducing the temperature difference of exchanging heat and lowering irreversible loss in the process of exchanging heat, the performance of the unit is improved, and the unit is convenient to be inspected and fixed.

The invention provides an air conditioning system and a control method thereof. The air conditioning system comprises a compressor, a first indoor heat exchanger and a second indoor heat exchanger; the air conditioner further comprises a valve set structure, and through switching control of the valve set structure, in the refrigeration mode, the indoor first heat exchanger communicates with an airsuction port of the compressor, and the indoor second heat exchanger communicates with the air suction port of the compressor; in the heating mode, the indoor first heat exchanger communicates with an exhaust port of the compressor, and the indoor second heat exchanger communicates with the exhaust port of the compressor; in the reheating dehumidification mode, the indoor first heat exchanger communicates with the air suction port of the compressor, and the indoor second heat exchanger communicates with the exhaust port of the compressor; and air flow can sequentially flow through the indoorfirst heat exchanger and the indoor second heat exchanger to complete heat exchange. According to the air conditioning system, the leeward side heat exchanger can be converted into the reheating heatexchanger under the control of the valve when the air conditioning system operates in the dehumidification mode in the transition season, so that the air supply temperature when the air conditioning system operates in the dehumidification mode is increased, the condensation temperature is reduced, the supercooling degree of the outlet of a condenser is increased, and the system energy efficiency is improved.

The invention discloses a refrigeration circulating system with a double-stage-injection ejector. The refrigeration circulating system comprises a compressor, a condenser, a gas and liquid separator, a first throttling mechanism, a second throttling mechanism, a first evaporator, a second evaporator and the ejector with a double-stage injection function which are connected on a pipeline, the ejector is provided with two suction chambers and two diffusers, and two refrigerant flows with different evaporating temperatures from the two evaporators are respectively injected. The double evaporators with different evaporating temperatures are arranged and can match with change of the temperature of an air side better, and irreversible loss in an evaporation heat exchange process can be reduced. Simultaneously, higher outlet pressure of the ejector with the double-stage injection function can be obtained as compared with a conventional single-stage ejector, air suction pressure of the compressor is improved, air suction specific volume is reduced, and accordingly a performance coefficient and refrigerating capacity or heating capacity of unit volume of the system are further increased. Accordingly, the refrigeration system has remarkable advantages in terms of improving performances of a refrigeration system.

The invention relates to a preparation for a lithium sulfur battery modified anode material. The preparation includes mixing sublimed sulfur and a conductive agent according to a mass ratio of 6:3, adding absolute ethyl alcohol, performing ball milling for 6 hours, drying in a vacuum drying box for 12 hours at the temperature of 50 DEG C to 80 DEG C to obtain a mixture, mixing the mixture and hollow nickel fiber tubes according to a mass ratio of (5-9):1, adding an adhesive, dispersing in a dispersing agent, stirring to obtain slurry, coating the slurry on a metal aluminum foil which is subjected to acetone ultrasonic cleaning, and drying in the vacuum drying box for 12 hours at the temperature of 60 DEG C to obtain the lithium sulfur battery anode material. The preparation for the lithium sulfur battery modified anode material has the advantages that electrochemistry performances of battery cyclicity and the like are improved, and the performances and cyclic service life of the battery can be improved.

The invention provides a hypersonic flight vehicle engine heat recovery power generation system and a control method thereof. CO2 is heated in a hypersonic flight vehicle engine wall face heat absorption channel to enter a supercritical CO2 turbine to swell to act, output CO2 exhaust air releases heat through low-pressure side channels of multiple heat regenerators and absorbs heat through high-pressure side channels, air exhaust compression is carried out in the process that CO2 exhaust air fluid enters multiple compressors and the corresponding heat regenerators from multiple fuel coolers, the heat capacities of different-pressure CO2 exhaust air fluid in the high-pressure side channel and the low-pressure side channel of each heat regenerator are close, and the heat capacity of the CO2 exhaust air fluid in a heat fluid channel and a cold fluid channel of each fuel cooler and the heat capacity of fuel fluid for cooling are close. By means of the hypersonic flight vehicle engine heat recovery power generation system and the control method, the heat of the engine wall face can be efficiently converted into electric energy and compressor power; and meanwhile, the heat recovery rate is improved, the amount of fuel for cooling is reduced, and cost is saved.