77 results about "Dose profile" patented technology

A method for determining a radiation treatment plan for a radiotherapy system providing multiple individual rays of intensity modulated radiation iteratively optimized the fluence of an initial set of such rays by a function that requires knowledge of only the prescribed dose and the dose resulting from the particular ray fluences. In this way, the need to store individual dose distributions of each ray are eliminated.

An irradiation apparatus for irradiating by scanning a target volume according to a predetermined dose profile with a scanning beam of charged particles forming an irradiation spot on said target volume, said apparatus comprising:a beam generating device,a reference generator for computing, from said predetermined dose profile, through a dynamic inverse control strategy, the time evolution of commanded variables, these variables being the beam current I(t), the spot position settings x(t),y(t) and the scanning speed settings vx(t), vy(t),a monitor device having means for detecting at each time (t), the actual spot position as a measured position defined by the values xm(t),ym(t) on the target volume,characterised in that said irradiation apparatus further comprises means for determining the differences ex(t), ey(t) between the measured values xm(t), ym(t) and the spot position settings x(t) and y(t), and means for applying a correction to the scanning speed settings vx(t) and vy(t) depending on said differences ex(t), ey(t). The present invention is also related to a monitor for determining beam position in real-time.

A stand-alone calculator enables multi energy electron beam treatments with standard single beam electron beam radiotherapy equipment thereby providing improved dose profiles. By employing user defined depth-dose profiles, the calculator may work with a wide variety of existing standard electron beam radiotherapy systems.

An irradiation apparatus for irradiating by scanning a target volume according to a predetermined dose profile with a scanning beam of charged particles forming an irradiation spot on said target volume, said apparatus comprising: a beam generating device, a reference generator for computing, from said predetermined dose profile, through a dynamic inverse control strategy, the time evolution of commanded variables, these variables being the beam current I(t), the spot position settings x(t),y(t) and the scanning speed settings vx(t), vy(t), a monitor device having means for detecting at each time (t), the actual spot position as a measured position defined by the values xm(t),ym(t) on the target volume, characterised in that said irradiation apparatus further comprises means for determining the differences ex(t), ey(t) between the measured values xm(t), ym(t) and the spot position settings x(t) and y(t), and means for applying a correction to the scanning speed settings vx(t) and vy(t) depending on said differences ex(t), ey(t). The present invention is also related to a monitor for determining beam position in real-time.

A computerized electro-mechanical drug delivery device (10) configured to deliver at least one dose of two or more medicaments. The device comprises a control unit (300). An electro-mechanical drive unit (500, 600) is operably coupled to the control unit and a primary reservoir (90) for a first medicament and a secondary reservoir (100) for a fluid agent, e.g. a second medicament. An operator interface (60) is in communication with the control unit (300). A single dispense assembly (200) is configured for fluid communication with the primary (90) and the secondary (100) reservoir. Activation of the operator panel sets a first dose from the primary reservoir and based on the first dose and a therapeutic dose profile (860), the control unit (300) is configured to determine a dose or range of the fluid agent. Alternatively, the control unit determines or calculates a dose or range of a third medicament.

A method of calculating a dose distribution for a patient for use in a radiation therapy treatment plan. The method includes acquiring an image of a volume within the patient, defining a radiation source, and defining a reference plane oriented between the radiation source and the patient. The method also includes generating a radiation therapy treatment plan, wherein the plan includes a plurality of rays that extend between the radiation source and the patient volume, and calculating a three-dimensional dose volume for the patient volume from the plurality of rays that intersect the reference plane without first having to independently calculate a dose distribution on each of the plurality of rays. The method can also include displaying the three-dimensional dose volume.

New techniques for radiotherapy and radiosurgery are provided. In some aspects of the invention, multiple sources of radiation with a frequency, phase and polarization that are projected to constructively interfere at a treatment target are provided. In other aspects, hardware directs multiple radiation sources from the same side of a treatment target, and focuses the initiation of substantial interference on a leading structure in the target. In other aspects, refractive models updated by live feedback are used to improve dosage distribution by, among other things, optimizing the number, length, superposition overlap, angle and nature of radiation beams. In additional aspects, interstitial beacons and radiation path diversion structures are inserted to improve dosage distribution to a target and avoid critical neighboring structures. In particle therapy, regionally actuable external magnetic fields are also provided, to improve dosage accuracy and avoid collateral damage.

In a radiography system, after a radiation dose, signal charges are accumulated in sensor pixels in an imaging area of a flat panel detector corresponding to the dosed amounts of radioactive rays on the pixels. The signal charges are read out from the pixels and converted into voltage signals representative of density levels of respective pixels of a radiographic image. Before reading the signal charges, a dose profile representative of distribution of the dosed amounts of radioactive rays is measured by leak currents from the pixels or bias currents through bias lines for applying a bias voltage to the pixels. Based on the contrast or difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in the dose profile, a gain of amplifiers for the voltage signals is determined such that the gain increases with decreasing contrast.

The invention relates to the field of heavy ion beam (comprising proton beam) tumor treatment technology, in particular to a heavy ion beam current transverse dosage distribution measuring detector and a two-dimensional imaging method thereof. The detector is mainly characterized by comprising a gas sealing cavity (1) in which an ionization chamber inner core (2) is arranged and a multi-path signal transfer board (3) electrically connected with the ionization chamber inner core (2); the gas sealing cavity (1) consists of a main body framework (1-1), an entrance window (1-2) and an exit window (1-3); the ionization chamber inner core (2) consists of two groups of ionization chamber units, and each ionization chamber unit consists of a signal pole (2-1), an insulating cushion board (2-2) and a high-voltage pole (2-3); and one end of the multi-path signal transfer board (3) is provided with a contact end (3-3) which is inserted into a sealing port (1-5) of the gas sealing cavity (1) and connected with the signal pole (2-1) of the ionization chamber inner core (2), while the other end is provided with a multi-core connector (3-2) which is a signal output port of a beam current profile monitoring detector.

A stand-alone calculator enables multi energy electron beam treatments with standard single beam electron beam radiotherapy equipment thereby providing improved dose profiles. By employing user defined depth-dose profiles, the calculator may work with a wide variety of existing standard electron beam radiotherapy systems.

A radiation measuring device having a plurality of sensors configured to generate charges in response to the radiation includes a signal processing device. The signal processing device uses an signal generated by a proton beam irradiation device upon changing of beam energy and causes accumulation values of charges output from the sensors to be separately stored in a main control device for each value of the energy. The main control device calculates depth dose profiles for values of the beam energy from the accumulation values stored in the main control device and representing the charges. The main control device calculates a range of the beam for each of the values of the beam energy from the depth dose profiles, corrects the depth dose profiles for the values of the beam energy using a correction coefficient that depends on the range and sums the corrected depth dose profiles.

An improved radiation dosimeter device in an improved radiation dosimeter system provides a DC analog output voltage that is proportional to the total ionizing dose accumulated as a function of time at the location of the dosimeter in a host spacecraft, so as to operate in a system bus voltage range common to spacecraft systems with the output being compatible with conventional spacecraft analog inputs, while the total dose is measured precisely by continually monitoring the energy deposited in a silicon test mass accumulating charge including charge contribution prior to radiation threshold detection for improved measurement of the total accumulated charge with the dosimeters being daisy-chained and distributed about the spacecraft for providing a spacecraft dose profile about the spacecraft using the improved radiation dosimeter system.

New techniques for radiotherapy and radiosurgery are provided. In one aspect of the invention, multiple sources of radiation are provided in a planned frequency and in the same superposable period and polarization, from the same side of a treatment target, focused on a leading structure in the target. In another aspect, refractive models, updated by live feedback, are used to improve dosage distribution by, among other things, optimizing the number, angle and nature of radiation beams. Interstitial beacons and radiation path diversion structures are inserted to improve dosage distribution to a target and avoid critical neighboring structures. In particle therapy, regionally actuable external magnetic fields are used as well, to improve dosage accuracy and avoid collateral damage.

A particle beam treatment device includes an irradiation nozzle which moves a particle beam in a direction which is perpendicular to an advancing direction; a dose monitor which measures the dose of the particle beam; a planning part which sets the irradiation dose applied to a target volume; and a controlling part which controls the irradiation dose applied to a target volume based on irradiation dose set value which is set by a value measured by the dose monitor and the planning part, wherein the planning part stores the absorbed dose distribution data in the depth direction which is prepared in advance using the absorbed dose at the reference depth which is a predetermined position nearer to an incident side of the particle beam than the position of Bragg peak as the reference and calculates the irradiation dose set value using the absorbed dose at the reference depth.

A method and device are designed to deliver intensity-modulated ion beam therapy radiation doses closely conforming to tumors of arbitrary shape, via a series of two-dimensional (2-D) continuous raster scans of a pencil beam, wherein each scan takes no more than about 100 milliseconds to complete. The device includes a fast scanning nozzle for the exit of an ion beam delivery gantry. The fast scanning nozzle has a fast combined-function X-Y steering magnet, and is coupled to a rastering control system capable of adjusting the length of each scan line, continuously varying the beam intensity along each scan line, and executing multiple rescans of a tumor depth layer within a single patient breathing cycle. An in-beam absolute dose and dose profile monitoring system is capable of millimeter-scale position resolution and millisecond-scale feedback to the control system to ensure the safety and efficacy of the treatment implementation.

New techniques for radiotherapy and radiosurgery are provided. In some aspects of the invention, multiple sources of radiation with characteristics that are projected to constructively interfere at a treatment target are provided. In other aspects, hardware directs multiple radiation sources from the same side of a treatment target, and focuses the initiation of substantial interference on a leading structure in the target. In other aspects, refractive models updated by live feedback are used to improve dosage distribution by, among other things, optimizing the number, length, superposition, overlap, angle and nature of radiation beams. In additional aspects, interstitial beacons and radiation path diversion structures are inserted to improve dosage distribution to a target and avoid critical neighboring structures. In particle therapy, regionally actuable external magnetic fields are also provided, to improve dosage accuracy and avoid collateral damage.

New techniques for radiotherapy and radiosurgery are provided. In some aspects of the invention, multiple sources of radiation with characteristics that are projected to constructively interfere at a treatment target are provided. In other aspects, hardware directs multiple radiation sources from the same side of a treatment target, and focuses the initiation of substantial interference on a leading structure in the target. In other aspects, refractive models updated by live feedback are used to improve dosage distribution by, among other things, optimizing the number, length, superposition, overlap, angle and nature of radiation beams. In additional aspects, interstitial beacons and radiation path diversion structures are inserted to improve dosage distribution to a target and avoid critical neighboring structures. In particle therapy, regionally actuable external magnetic fields are also provided, to improve dosage accuracy and avoid collateral damage.

The invention relates to a rapid dosage verifying method based on an X-ray imaging flat panel detector, and the method comprises the steps: enabling a radiotherapy device to carry out irradiation according to all irradiation field parameters of a radiotherapy plan before the radiotherapy, and enabling the X-ray imaging flat panel detector to collect two-dimensional X-ray irradiation field images at the same time; converting the two-dimensional X-ray irradiation field images into the two-dimensional plane dosage distribution of a specific equivalent water depth, carrying out the reverse calculation of a two-dimensional plane dosage of an isocenter, and achieving the dosage verification of the radiotherapy plan before radiotherapy through the comparison and evaluation of the two-dimensional plane dosage calculated by a radiotherapy plan system and an actual measured two-dimensional plane dosage. The method irons out the defects that a conventional clinic dosage verification technology consumes a large amount of time and labor and needs to turn the irradiation field angle to zero, alleviates the burden of a clinic medical physic doctor, can achieve the precise and quick verification of dosage, and is high in applicability.

A dose calculator for heavy-ion therapy systems uses a limited number of spread out Bragg peak models obtainable by a particular therapy system, the models which may be adjusted in energy (offset) and dose contribution (treatment time) to produce a unique composite dose having a complex dose profile with limited reduced time.

An apparatus for measuring absorption dose distribution may be used for radiotherapy, such as intensity modulated radiotherapy and radiosurgery. In the apparatus, measurement or evaluation of the distribution of the radiated dose within a phantom can be achieved accurately and in a relatively short length of time. The apparatus includes a phantom with a plastic plate scintillator having a thickness within the range of 0.15 to 1 mm and plastic blocks sandwiching the plastic scintillator, and an image analyzer. At least one of the plastic blocks is transparent and the image analyzer measures a pattern of intensity distribution of light emitted from the plastic scintillator when the phantom is irradiated.

The invention provides a method of online authentication of accelerator out-beam accuracy in radiation therapy. The method utilizes an X-ray source and a two-dimensional flat-panel detector which rotate around a patient to measure two-dimensional transmission dose distribution in real time after a beam transmits through a target section of the patient, calculates the position sequence of each sub-ranges multi-leaf collimator blade of the beam according to the two-dimensional transmission dose distribution, and combines with each sub-ranges monitor unit (Monitor Units, for short Mu) to reconstruct a beam intensity graph, carries out comparison and evaluation on the reconstruction beam intensity graph and a treatment planning system output intensity graph, and verifies the accuracy of the accelerator out-beam intensity. The method overcomes the defect that the prior art cannot online authenticate the accelerator out-beam accuracy in real time when the patient is treated actually, and the method is not restricted by a radiation therapy machine and the multi-leaf collimator type and has the general applicability.

An apparatus and method for measuring three-dimensional radiation dose distributions with high spatial and temporal resolution using a large-volume scintillator. The scintillator converts the radiation dose distribution into a visible light distribution. The visible light is transported to one or more photo-detectors, which measure the light intensity. The light signals are processed to correct for optical artifacts, and the three-dimensional light distribution is reconstructed. The reconstructed light distribution is post-processed to convert light amplitudes to measured radiation doses. The high temporal resolution of the detector makes it possible to observe the evolution of a dynamic dose distribution as it changes over time. Integral dose distributions can be measured by summing the dose over time.

Provided are a radiation dosimeter for fluid very small substances, which, in a radiation irradiation device for applying a radiation to a fluid very small substance in a fluid in a treatment chamber, can easily and accurately determine a dose distribution and / or minimum dose of a radiation applied to individual fluid very small substances, and a method of measuring a dose of a radiation applied to fluid very small substances using the dosimeter. In the radiation dosimeter for fluid very small substances, a microcapsule includes a radiation transmitting shell body and a radiation color development tautomeric photochromic solution contained within the shell. The microcapsule undergoes a change in color upon a change in color of the photochromic solution upon exposure to a radiation. The dose of the radiation and the color change level of the microcapsule have a quantitative relationship. Further, the particle diameter, which has a peak value in the particle diameter distribution of the microcapsule, is set to substantially the same diameter as the fluid very small substance as a dose measurement object. In the method of measuring the dose of a radiation applied to fluid very small substances, the radiation dosimeter for fluid very small substances is used.

The invention relates to an ion beam radiotherapy dosage verification method based on water equivalent coefficients. The ion beam radiotherapy dosage verification method based on the water equivalent coefficients includes the following steps that A, CT image data of a cancer patient are obtained, a treatment planning system (TPS) is utilized for plan design according to a CT-water equivalent coefficient transformation curve, and ion beam radiation parameters are recorded after the plan is determined; B, a virtual three-dimensional water phantom CT image is generated based on the water equivalent coefficients, the ion beam radiation parameters are transplanted to the water phantom through the TPS, dosage optimal computation is carried out again, and three-dimensional rasterization dose distribution in the water phantom is obtained; C, an ionization chamber is placed at an interest point in the three-dimensional water phantom, interpolating calculation is carried out in the three-dimensional rasterization dose distribution according to the three-dimensional coordinates of the sensitive volume of the ionization chamber in the water phantom, and planned dosage of the interest point is obtained; D, the ion beam radiation parameters designed as planned control a medical heavy-ion accelerator to perform simulated irradiation on the water phantom, and the measured absolute dosage value of the interest point for the ionization chamber in the water phantom is compared with the planned dosage.

A beam profile measurement detector is a tool to efficiently verify dose distributions created with active methods of a clinical proton beam delivery. A Multi-Pad Ionization Chamber (MPIC) has 128 ionization chambers arranged in one plane and measure lateral profiles in fields up to 38 cm in diameter. The MPIC pads have a 5 mm pitch for fields up to 20 cm in diameter and a 7 mm pitch for larger fields, providing an accuracy of field size determination of about 0.5 mm. The Multi-Layer Ionization Chamber (MLIC) detector contains 122 small-volume ionization chambers stacked at a 1.82 mm step (water-equivalent) for depth-dose profile measurements. The MLIC detector can measure profiles up to 20 cm in depth, and determine the 80% distal dose fall-off with about 0.1 mm precision. Both detectors can be connected to the same set of electronics modules, which form the detectors' data acquisition system. The detectors operate in proton fields produced with active methods of beam delivery such as uniform scanning and energy stacking. The MPIC and MLIC detectors can be used for dosimetric characterization of clinical proton fields.

A semiconductor device and method of making the same forms a spacer by depositing a spacer layer over a substrate and a gate electrode and forms a protective layer on the spacer layer. The protective layer is dry etched to leave a thin film sidewall on the spacer layer. The spacer layer is then etched, with the protective layer protecting the outer sidewalls of the spacer layer. This etching creates spacers on the gate that have substantially vertical sidewalls that extend parallel to the gate electrode sidewalls. The I-shape of the spacers prevent punch-through during the source / drain ion implantation process, providing an improved source / drain implant dose profile.

In a radiography system, after a radiation dose, signal charges are accumulated in sensor pixels in an imaging area of a flat panel detector corresponding to the dosed amounts of radioactive rays on the pixels. The signal charges are read out from the pixels and converted into voltage signals representative of density levels of respective pixels of a radiographic image. Before reading the signal charges, a dose profile representative of distribution of the dosed amounts of radioactive rays is measured by leak currents from the pixels or bias currents through bias lines for applying a bias voltage to the pixels. Based on the contrast or difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in the dose profile, a gain of amplifiers for the voltage signals is determined such that the gain increases with decreasing contrast.

A phantom and film cassette therefor, a composition of high atomic number elements and tissue-equivalent material for a phantom, and an adjustable holder for a phantom. The film cassette comprises sections of tissue-equivalent material, wherein the sections retain a sheet of film when closed together and the phantom composition comprises tissue-equivalent material and high atomic number elements. In operation, dose distributions are determined via computation at various depths within a simulated water-equivalent phantom. After calculating dose distributions, an actual beam is delivered to a phantom containing the cassette, or utilizing a phantom containing high atomic number elements, wherein the phantom mimics human tissue, wherein the phantom houses radiographic film. Images are then generated on the film, the images are converted into an actual dose distribution, and the actual dose distribution is compared with the calculated dose distributions. Finally, a patient is treated based on the beam delivery thus verified.

A semiconductor device and method of making the same forms a spacer by depositing a spacer layer over a substrate and a gate electrode and forms a protective layer on the spacer layer. The protective layer is dry etched to leave a thin film sidewall on the spacer layer. The spacer layer is then etched, with the protective layer protecting the outer sidewalls of the spacer layer. This etching creates spacers on the gate that have substantially vertical sidewalls that extend parallel to the gate electrode sidewalls. The I-shape of the spacers prevent punch-through during the source / drain ion implantation process, providing an improved source / drain implant dose profile.