34results about How to "Reduce numerical aperture" patented technology

Optical devices for guiding illumination are provided each having a body of optical material with staircase or acutely angled ramp structures on its top surface for distributing light inputted from one end of the device from the front exit faces of such structures along certain angular orientations, while at least a substantial portion of the light is totally internally reflected within the body until distributed from such front exit faces. Optical devices are also provided each have a body of optical material having a bottom surface with acutely angled ramp structures and falling structures which alternate with each other, such that light is totally internally reflected within the device until reflected by such ramp structures along the bottom surface to exit the top surface of the device or transmitted through the ramp structures to an adjacent falling structure back into the device. Acutely angled ramp structures may be provided on both top and bottom surfaces of optical devices for distributing light along such top surface. Illumination apparatuses are also provided using such optical devices.

Image display device having an electrode forming layer which includes a plurality of gate lines, a plurality of drain lines, a plurality of switching elements and the a plurality of pixel electrodes,

• • and having reference electrode layer between the electrode forming layer and a substrate where the electrode forming layer formed thereon, and the reference electrode layer and the electrode forming layer are insulated by insulating layer.

The invention provides a large-mode-area active optical fiber, which comprises a fiber core, a first cladding, a second cladding and a third cladding, wherein the first cladding, the second cladding and the third cladding sequentially encircle the periphery of the fiber core; the effective refractive index of the second cladding is lower than the effective refractive indexes of the first claddingand the fiber core; a pump core area encircles the outer side of the third cladding; an external cladding encircles the outer side of the pump core area and comprises a layer of air vent holes or capillary bars doped with quartz glass; and the effective refractive index of the external cladding is lower than that of the pump core area. On the premise of ensuring a large mode area of the active optical fiber, the optical fiber suppresses amplified spontaneous radiation, improves the stability of the optical fiber, and ensures the quality of light beam. The invention also provides a preparationmethod of the active optical fiber. By adopting a liquid phase multi-point doping mode of gas-phase aluminum doping and rare-earth ions, continuous doping for many times can be flexibly controlled and realized, the size of a rare-earth doped core bar is greatly increased, and uniform doping of the rare-earth ions and aluminum is simultaneously realized.

The invention relates to light sources with laser pumping and to methods for generating radiation with a high luminance in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible spectral ranges. The technical result of the invention includes extending the functional possibilities of a light source with laser pumping by virtue of increasing the luminance, increasing the coefficient of absorption of the laser radiation by a plasma, and significantly reducing the numerical aperture of a divergent laser beam which is to be occluded and which is passing through the plasma. The device comprises a chamber containing a gas, a laser producing a laser beam, an optical element, a region of radiating plasma produced in the chamber by the focused laser beam, an occluder, which is mounted on the axis of the divergent laser beam on the second side of the chamber and an optical system for collecting plasma radiation.

An apparatus and method for measuring three-dimensional radiation dose distributions with high spatial and temporal resolution using a large-volume scintillator. The scintillator converts the radiation dose distribution into a visible light distribution. The visible light is transported to one or more photo-detectors, which measure the light intensity. The light signals are processed to correct for optical artifacts, and the three-dimensional light distribution is reconstructed. The reconstructed light distribution is post-processed to convert light amplitudes to measured radiation doses. The high temporal resolution of the detector makes it possible to observe the evolution of a dynamic dose distribution as it changes over time. Integral dose distributions can be measured by summing the dose over time.

The invention discloses an elliptical cladding polarization-maintaining large-mode-area gain fiber, which, in the structure, comprises a fiber core of the elliptical cladding polarization-maintaining large-mode-area gain fiber, an inner cladding layer, an elliptical stress layer, a first outer cladding layer, a second cladding layer and a third cladding layer, wherein the inner cladding layer coats the fiber core; the elliptical stress layer coats the inner cladding layer, and the elliptical stress layer is elliptical on the cross section of the elliptical cladding polarization-maintaining large-mode-area gain fiber; the first cladding layer coats the elliptical stress layer; the second cladding layer coats the first cladding layer; and the third cladding layer coats the second cladding layer. As birefringence of the elliptical cladding polarization-maintaining fiber is directly proportional to ellipticity, deposition of a polarization-maintaining stress region only needs to be additionally added during a rod forming process, steps such as drilling are not needed, unavoidable impurities can be prevented from being introduced in a fiber pre-form rod, loss of the fiber after wire drawing can be reduced, strength of the fiber is improved, the entire forming process has simple steps, and the birefringence and pump absorption of the fiber can be improved.

A light source device includes a light source section that emits laser beam, a member reducing light quantity unevenness of the laser beam, a diffusion member that is provided in a traveling optical path of the laser beam between the light source section and the member reducing light quantity unevenness and diffuses the laser beam, a detection element that detects a physical characteristic of the diffusion member and outputs a state detecting signal, and an abnormal state determiner that determines an abnormal state of the diffusion member based on the state detecting signal.

A method for fabricating an EUV phase shift mask is provided that includes a substrate upon which is deposited a thin film multilayer coating that has a complex-valued reflectance. An absorber layer or a buffer layer is attached onto the thin film multilayer, and the thickness of the thin film multilayer coating is altered to introduce a direct modulation in the complex-valued reflectance to produce phase shifting features.

A semiconductor optical amplification system that uses a single-mode fiber angle-coupled to a semiconductor wave-guide medium with optical gain. This design is particularly simple and relevant to optical fiber systems, but it may be generalized to include other implementations as well, in which other spatial mode filters are employed. A chip design is employed in which lowest order mode has a size greater than about 5 micrometers (μm). Thus, much smaller facet angles can be employed while still avoiding self-oscillation. More specifically, according to some aspects of the invention, facet angles of less than 4 to 5 degrees are utilized.

The present invention discloses an elliptical cladding polarization-maintaining large-mode-area gain fiber, structurally comprising a core of the elliptical cladding polarization-maintaining large-mode-area gain fiber, an inner cladding, an elliptical stress layer, a first outer cladding, a second outer cladding and a third outer cladding, wherein the inner cladding surrounds the core; the elliptical stress layer surrounds the inner cladding, and has an elliptical cross-sectional shape; the first outer cladding surrounds the elliptical stress layer; the second outer cladding surrounds the first outer cladding; and the third outer cladding surrounds the second outer cladding. As the birefringence of the elliptical cladding polarization-maintaining fiber is directly proportional to the ellipticity and the deposition of a stress-applying area occurs during the preform rod forming process, procedures of preform drilling and the like are eliminated, and the likelihood of preform contamination is greatly reduced. The optical loss and strength of the fiber can hence be improved, and the entire manufacturing process is simplified. Furthermore, the birefringence and the pump absorption of the fiber can also be improved.

The invention discloses a large-mode-field single-mode radiation-resistant erbium-ytterbium co-doped optical fiber and a preparation method thereof, and solves the problems of performance reduction or even failure and higher-power single-mode output of an erbium-ytterbium co-doped optical fiber under the existing high-energy particle radiation condition, and the large-mode-field single-mode radiation-resistant erbium-ytterbium co-doped optical fiber comprises a fiber core, an inner cladding and an outer cladding which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside; the fiber core comprises a central core layer, an annular sunken core layer and an annular outer core layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside; the contents of Er and Yb components of the fiber core are distributed in a power function gradual change manner along the radial direction from inside to outside, the index alpha of the power function is 0.3-0.6, and the specific contents are as follows: 0.05-0.3 Wt.% of Er and 1-5Wt.% of Yb; the fiber core co-doped components are P, Ce and F; and the outer cladding layer is a sunken fluorine-doped layer.

A method of treating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in a subject includes administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a selective inhibitor of solTNF-α, whereby the subject is treated. In some embodiments, the selective inhibitor of solTNF-α includes a DN-TNF-α protein and/or a nucleic acid encoding the DN-TNF-α protein. In some embodiments, the DN-TNF-α protein includes XPRO1595.

The invention provides an exposure method, a condensing lens and an exposure machine. A light blocking device is added to the condensing lens, and the light blocking device is adjusted to reduce the numerical aperture of the condensing lens, so that the imaging focal depth of the exposure machine is improved, then more optimized exposure images are obtained, and the yield stability of products is improved.

A laser system for ophthalmic surgery includes a laser source to generate a pulsed laser beam, an XY scanner to receive the pulsed laser beam and to output an XY-scanning beam, scanned in two directions transverse to a Z direction, a Z scanner in a scanner housing to receive the XY-scanning beam and to output an XYZ-scanning beam scanned additionally in the Z direction, a mirror to deflect the XYZ-scanning beam received from the Z scanner, and an objective, in an objective housing, to receive the deflected XYZ-scanning beam and to focus the received XYZ-scanning beam onto a target region, wherein the scanner housing is separate from the objective housing.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a preparation method of a local three-dimensional microstructure optical fiber. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, preparing a sodium borosilicate glass rod; s2, preparing three-dimensional glass fibers; s3, preparing three-dimensional quartz glass fibers; and S4, preparing the local three-dimensional microstructure optical fiber. According to the method, the operation is simple, the three-dimensional microstructure optical fibers in various forms can be obtained, and the production cost is remarkably reduced.