66 results about "Paper mill" patented technology

The invention discloses a slow-release alkaline composite material as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of water treatment. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the paper mill white mud, the cement, the fly ash and the exciting agent, adding the water glass, uniformly mixing, granulating, placing at room temperature, carrying out water bath steam curing, and carrying out air drying and aging to obtain the slow-release alkaline composite material. The method has the advantages of simple process, cheap and easily available raw materials and low equipment investment and operation cost, and the prepared slow-release alkaline composite material has the advantages of good formability, good settleability, controllable alkali slow-release property and excellent pH slow-release regulation effect on acidic wastewater, has strong adsorption capacity on heavy metals such as iron and manganese without activation, and is suitable for industrial production. The method can solve the problem of neutralization precipitation method treatment of acidic mine gushing water, also synchronously widens the way of resource utilization of the white mud of a paper mill, and is beneficial for realizing the win-win goal of treating waste with waste.

The invention discloses a paper mill load green power consumption potential evaluation method fusing ProbSparse and FEDformer, and belongs to the technical field of power system regulation and control, and the method comprises the steps: constructing an up-regulation capability evaluation model and a down-regulation capability evaluation model, and obtaining a maximum up-regulation capability and a maximum down-regulation capability; based on time-frequency domain decoupling modeling, predicting a future green power factor sequence; and based on the maximum up-regulation capacity, the maximum down-regulation capacity and the future green power factor sequence, a load green power consumption potential evaluation model is constructed, and according to the ProbSparse and FEDformer fused paper mill load green power consumption potential evaluation method, a ProbSparse-based paper mill load operation feature extraction method, the maximum up-regulation capacity, the maximum down-regulation capacity and the future green power factor sequence are extracted, and the maximum up-regulation capacity, the maximum down-regulation capacity and the future green power factor sequence are calculated. Improving the global perception capability of long-sequence load data by using a sparse attention mechanism, and accurately extracting the running rhythm, state change and key load mutation characteristics of each device; and on the basis of a green power factor prediction model of FEDformer, time sequence decomposition and frequency domain modeling capabilities are fused, and high-precision prediction of a future green power ratio factor is realized.

The invention relates to the technical field of papermaking, in particular to a paper mill wastewater recycling device which comprises a connecting base, a neutralizing tank, a settling tank and a purifying tank are sequentially arranged on the connecting base from right to left, a stirring structure is connected in the neutralizing tank, a filter screen cleaning structure is connected in the settling tank, and a filter screen cleaning structure is connected in the purifying tank. A plurality of groups of purification cotton are connected into the purification tank, water pumps are connected to the end surfaces of the neutralization tank, the sedimentation tank and the purification tank, a dosing funnel is connected to the end surface of the neutralization tank, and a sewage inlet pipe is connected to the side wall of the neutralization tank. A driving motor in the stirring structure can drive a rotating stirring blade to move up and down while rotating, drive a swinging stirring blade to swing while revolving and drive a moving stirring blade to move left and right while revolving through a transmission structure, so that the stirring efficiency is improved.

The invention discloses polyacrylamide for a screw press of a pulp paper plant. The polyacrylamide is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 3 to 10 parts of acrylamide, 1 to 6 parts of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 0.1 to 3 parts of dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, 0.01 to 1 part of hydrophobic modifier, 0.01 to 0.5 part of cross-linking agent and 0.001 to 0.01 part of initiator. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the polyacrylamide. According to the invention, through copolymerization of the composite acrylamide and the salt-resistant monomer and combination of cross-linking modification, the salt resistance, shear resistance and floc strength of polyacrylamide are improved. By introducing hydrophobic groups, the adhesiveness of the filtrate is reduced, backmixing of the squeezed filtrate is reduced, and the dehydration speed and the floc stability are balanced.

The present invention belongs to the field of microbial technology and relates to a strain of Bacillus subtilis subsp. and its application in degrading lignin. It is named Bacillus subtilis subsp. NBL-B12058, deposited in the China Center for Type Culture Collection on October 17, 2022, with the deposit number CCTCC NO: M20221574, and the deposit address is Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. The Bacillus subtilis subsp. provided by the present invention has a good degradation effect on lignin in crop straws and the black water of paper mills.

1. The name of the design product: biogas torch (premixed type). 2. The use of the design product: for processing biogas generated in the production process of sewage treatment plants, waste treatment plants, farms, chemical plants, etc.; biogas generated by anaerobic fermentation in the sewage treatment of pharmaceutical factories, distilleries, paper mills, kitchen waste treatment, landfill leachate, food factories, beverage factories, etc. 3. The design points of the design product: in shape. 4. The picture or photo that best indicates the design points: perspective view 1. 5. The top surface of the design product is not easily visible or invisible during use, and the bottom view is omitted. The bottom surface of the design product is not easily visible or invisible during use, and the top view is omitted.

The invention discloses a method for manufacturing reinforced paper with lignin under the assistance of hot pressing. The method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing lignin / copper ion nanoparticles from an alkali lignin solution and a Cu (NO3) 2 solution through an autocatalytic oxidation-reduction reaction; (2) adding the lignin / copper ion nanoparticles prepared in the step (1) into paper pulp to make paper, and drying; and (3) performing hot pressing on the formed paper sheet to prepare the reinforced paper. The invention provides a simple, feasible, green and sustainable method for paper enhancement, and is beneficial to promoting high-value utilization of alkali lignin generated by a paper mill and increasing economic benefits.

This invention addresses the issue that while there is a corresponding relationship between the components and oil absorption value in the glassine paper coating process, this relationship is non-linear and cannot be easily predicted. Therefore, it provides a soft measurement model based on SA-PSO-LSSVM to predict the oil absorption value of glassine paper. This model enables accurate detection of the oil absorption value in the glassine paper coating process, providing a quick method for optimizing the glassine paper coating process. It uses real daily production data from paper mills and is applicable to the actual production activities of most paper mills.

The utility model provides a kind of wastewater precipitation recovery device for paper mill, it is related to papermaking wastewater recovery technical field, and it includes: waste liquid precipitation body, the upper surface of waste liquid precipitation body is fixed with stirring motor, the lower end of stirring motor is connected with stirring paddle by stirring shaft, the inside of fine filter body is supported by transmission base insertion and has centrifugal filter cartridge, the lower end of transmission base is connected with centrifugal motor, the right side inner cylinder surface of centrifugal filter cartridge is contacted with long strip scraper, the left side inner cylinder end of centrifugal filter cartridge is provided with waste residue conveying cylinder, the inside of waste residue conveying cylinder is equipped with helical blade mechanism, the left side inner cavity wall of fine filter body is equipped with flushing nozzle by inclination frame, the upper end of inclination frame is connected with the inner cavity of fine filter body by circulating water pipe and communicates. The utility model solves the problem that the self-cleaning movement of the residue-water separation assembly vibration in the prior art is easy to aggravate the wear of the gear drive mechanism, affecting the service life of the recovery device.

The invention relates to the technical field of sludge treatment, in particular to high-activity papermaking sludge incineration ash as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the high-activity paper mill sludge incineration ash comprises the following steps: S1, carrying out sectional type hot air drying on dewatered paper mill sludge, so that the water content of the sludge is reduced to 15-25%; s2, feeding the dried sludge into a circulating fluidized bed incinerator, and pyrolyzing the papermaking sludge at 450-550 DEG C under an anoxic condition; carrying out activated combustion on the pyrolysis product under the conditions of oxygen enrichment and superheated steam injection at the temperature of 650-750 DEG C; then carrying out short-time stabilizing treatment on ash particles generated by activated combustion at 850-950 DEG C, and quenching; and S3, the cooled ash is ground, and the high-activity paper mill sludge incineration ash is obtained. The high-water-absorption material is prepared from the sludge incineration ash, and efficient treatment and resource utilization of dredged soil, river and lake bottom mud and engineering slurry are achieved.

The utility model relates to the technical field of papermaking, in particular to bamboo pulp black liquor extraction equipment for a paper mill, which not only prevents impurities in black liquor from being blocked in a filter screen and avoids the trouble of frequently cleaning the filter screen, but also improves the filtration and extraction efficiency and accelerates the extraction of the black liquor. Comprising a filtering mechanism; the device further comprises an extrusion mechanism, a stirring mechanism, a distillation mechanism and an air extraction mechanism, the extrusion mechanism is installed on the filtering mechanism and extrudes the black liquor, the stirring mechanism is installed on the extrusion mechanism and pretreats the black liquor, the distillation mechanism is installed on the filtering mechanism and distills the black liquor, and the air extraction mechanism is installed on the distillation mechanism and extracts steam.

The application belongs to the technical field of low-carbon cement materials, and particularly relates to a low-carbon production process and system of high belite cement clinker, wherein the low-carbon production system comprises a raw material pretreatment module, a clinker firing module, a flue gas control module and a product detection module; in the application, traditional limestone and paper mill filter residue are used as calcium raw materials, coal cinder and coal gangue are used as aluminum / silicon raw materials, phosphogypsum is used to completely replace natural gypsum as sulfur raw material, copper residue is used to adjust iron material, and finally, calcium fluoride sludge is used to replace fluorite, so that the effective utilization of solid waste is improved, resources are saved, and the adverse effects of solid waste on the surrounding environment are reduced; in the calcination process, low-temperature staged calcination is adopted, the calcination temperature is controlled to be 1200-1300 DEG C, and staged temperature rising is adopted; compared with the traditional portland cement calcination temperature, the temperature is 50-100 DEG C lower, energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission are effectively saved, and the theme of energy saving and environmental protection is met.

The invention relates to a harmless treatment method for tail mud of a paper mill, which belongs to the technical field of harmless treatment of sludge and particularly comprises the following steps: sterilizing the tail mud of the paper mill through a sterilization system, then carrying out filter pressing treatment on the tail mud in a filter pressing system, squeezing part of moisture, then conveying the filter-pressed tail mud of the paper mill to a drying system, and drying for 10-15 hours, the dried tail mud of the paper mill is conveyed to a grinding system for grinding treatment, the granularity of the treated tail mud is 100-150 meshes, then the ground tail mud of the paper mill is mixed with resin powder and water-soluble rubber powder, the mixture is conveyed into a reaction kettle after being mixed, a reaction is conducted under the heat tracing condition, the reaction temperature is 100-200 DEG C, the reaction time is 48-72 h, and the tail mud of the paper mill is obtained. The reacted mixture is subjected to color mixing treatment and then is used for industrial coating treatment, operation is easy, and harmless treatment of the paper mill tail mud can be achieved.

The invention provides an energy-saving control method for a hydrapulper process of a paper mill. According to the process energy-saving control method for the hydrapulper of the paper mill, basic parameters are set in advance equal to the liquid level, the process stage, the concentration and the rotating speed, the first priority of control logic is overload protection, and when a motor has an overload risk, the speed of the motor is controlled to be reduced; the second priority of the control logic is liquid level safety limit, and when the liquid level is too low, the motor is controlled to decelerate or stop; the third priority of the control logic is process stage adjustment, the current process stage is judged, and the rotating speed range of the motor is limited based on the process stage; the fourth priority of the control logic is concentration dynamic optimization, and the rotating speed is adjusted based on the set concentration in different process stages. According to the energy-saving control method for the hydrapulper process of the paper mill, the problem that an existing pulper runs at a constant speed and cannot meet the production requirement is solved.

1. The name of the design product: measuring component. 2. The use of the design product: the design product is used for the accessories on the paper pulp concentration meter of paper mill. 3. The design points of the design product: in shape. 4. The picture or photo that can best show the design points: perspective view.

Relates to the field of paper-making industry, and discloses a paper mill wastewater treatment device which comprises a treatment box, a top plate fixed at the upper end of the treatment box and a mixing unit arranged on the top plate and used for mixing wastewater and chemicals, and further comprises a treatment unit arranged in the treatment box and connected with the mixing unit, meanwhile, residual paper wadding in the wastewater is collected; the treatment unit comprises filter frames which are arranged in the treatment box at equal angles; the connecting frame is arranged on the side, close to the mixing unit, of the filtering frame and connected with the mixing unit. Paper wadding and residues in wastewater can be effectively collected, the paper wadding can be conveniently collected, the utilization rate of resources is increased, it is guaranteed that treated water is clean, the paper wadding is prevented from blocking filtering equipment, and the filtering efficiency is improved. The influence of wastewater on the environment is reduced, the reusability of water resources is improved, and the current requirements on environmental protection and sustainable development are met.

The application belongs to the technical field of white water treatment, and particularly relates to a paper mill white water multi-stage treatment and recycling system, which comprises a white water collecting module, the white water collecting module is connected with a water quality online monitoring module, the water quality online monitoring module is connected with a pretreatment adjusting module, the pretreatment adjusting module is connected with a flocculant automatic adding module, the flocculant automatic adding module is connected with a high-efficiency flocculation reaction module, the high-efficiency flocculation reaction module is connected with a multi-disc filtering module, and the multi-disc filtering module is connected with a filtrate shunt module, the application realizes efficient and refined multi-stage treatment and recycling, significantly improves the overall efficiency of the system and the value of the recycled materials, builds an intelligent closed-loop control system with data driving as the core, guarantees efficient, stable and low-cost operation of the system, forms a sustainable closed-loop operation mode integrating energy saving, bacteriostasis and safety protection, and improves the reliability and environmental friendliness of the system.

The utility model discloses a paper mill trench low-concentration tailing separation system, which comprises a trench body, a slag salvaging mechanism, a slag collecting hopper and a screw elevator, a sinking groove is concavely arranged on the bottom wall of the trench body, the slag salvaging mechanism is vertically arranged, the feeding end of the slag salvaging mechanism extends into the sinking groove, and the discharging end of the slag salvaging mechanism extends into the sinking groove. The slag collecting hopper is vertically arranged below the discharging end of the slag salvaging mechanism, the discharging end of the slag collecting hopper is connected with the feeding end of the spiral elevator, and the slag salvaging mechanism is used for collecting tailings flowing through the sinking groove and sending the tailings upwards into the slag collecting hopper. The spiral elevator is used for conveying tailings in the slag collecting hopper out, so that the tailings in the trench body can be fished up into the slag collecting hopper by the slag fishing mechanism at the sinking groove, and when the tailings in the slag collecting hopper are almost full, the tailings in the slag collecting hopper can be conveyed out in a centralized mode by the spiral elevator at the moment. And at the moment, the tailings sent by the screw elevator can be manually received by a cart and pushed to a solid garbage station for treatment.

The invention relates to a reclaimed water recycling system, a backwashing control method and an interlocking backwashing control method. The reclaimed water reuse system comprises: a discharge treatment subsystem, which is used for treating paper mill sewage into wastewater meeting the discharge standard; the recycling treatment subsystem is arranged at the downstream of the discharging treatment subsystem, the recycling treatment subsystem comprises a fine filtering part section, and the fine filtering part section is used for filtering impurities exceeding a first preset size in the wastewater; and the water supply treatment subsystem selectively connects and disconnects the fine filtering part section and / or the clear water supply part through a valve at the downstream, the water supply treatment subsystem comprises a booster pump, and the booster pump is used for outputting treated waste water and / or clear water with preset pressure to the downstream paper mill paper machine shaft seal water system.

This invention discloses an defoamer, its preparation method, and its application. By weight, it comprises the following components: 100-110 parts silicone paste; 5-8 parts polyether-modified silicone oil; 10-20 parts surfactant; 2-4 parts dispersing agent; and 200-250 parts distilled water. Based on the weight of the silicone paste, the silicone paste is prepared from raw materials comprising the following components: 100 parts organosiloxane; 6-8 parts active particles; and 1-1.5 parts silane coupling agent. The anionic surfactant of this invention helps to improve the defoaming speed of the defoamer, while simultaneously increasing the cloud point of the nonionic surfactant and improving its high-temperature resistance to prevent demulsification and failure. The nonionic surfactant assists in the fusion of the components in the defoamer, making it less prone to stratification and improving the defoamer's performance. Specifically, this invention involves adding the defoamer to the extraction and rinsing stages of black liquor during the pulping process in paper mills to achieve defoaming treatment of the black liquor.

The present invention discloses a system and method for treating malodorous odors. The system includes an intake pipeline, a hypochlorous acid generating device, and a spray reaction device. The hypochlorous acid generating device includes a hypochlorous acid generator, which is connected to a hypochlorous acid collection tank and a sodium hydroxide collection tank. The spray reaction device includes a first-stage spray tower, a second-stage spray tower, and a third-stage synergistic reaction tower connected in sequence, as well as a circulating spray path constructed by them and a circulating water tank. The method is to use the treatment system to treat malodorous odors. The system for treating malodorous odors of the present invention has the advantages of low cost, good purification effect, and low risk of secondary pollution. When used to treat different types of malodorous odor gases, it can efficiently remove various malodorous odors in the waste gas, effectively improve the environment around paper mills, and has the advantages of simple process, convenient operation, low cost, high treatment efficiency, good removal effect, etc. Moreover, the dosage of the reagent is small, the output of the waste liquid is small, it is more environmentally friendly, has high use value, and good application prospects.

The present disclosure relates to a method of treating an aqueous foamable medium, such as a process stream of a pulping and paper mill, comprising contacting the aqueous process stream with a defoaming agent comprising: a) at least one C12 to C40 Guerbet alcohol; and / or b) at least one polyol ester.

The invention relates to the field of reclaimed water recovery of paper mills, in particular to a reclaimed water recovery mechanism for sewage treatment of a paper mill, which is applied to mid-stage water and comprises an aerobic tank, an anaerobic tank, a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, a water outlet pipe and a water outlet pipe, and the aerobic tank is located at one end of the anaerobic tank and used for receiving sewage of the anaerobic tank and performing biochemical treatment on the sewage; according to the method, sewage is subjected to purification treatment through an aerobic tank, a secondary sedimentation tank and a recovery tank in sequence, and in the biochemical treatment process of the sewage through the aerobic tank, an aeration machine acts on a sleeve through an aeration pipe and an aeration head to drive filler to spirally ascend in the sewage, so that the contact area between the filler and microorganisms is rapidly increased in an aerobic environment, and the biofilm culturing time is shortened; and the propagated microorganisms can spirally act on different depths of sewage, so that the sewage can be purified relatively consistently at different depths, the defect that the microorganisms cannot act on a sewage environment far away from the position of the aeration head in a time period is effectively overcome, and the comprehensive efficiency of biochemical treatment of the sewage is improved.

The application discloses a paper mill water pollution treatment device, which comprises a sedimentation treatment tank, a water inlet and a water outlet communicated with the sedimentation treatment tank, the sedimentation treatment tank is in a square shape, a V-shaped bottom with a V-shaped section is arranged in the bottom of the sedimentation treatment tank, and a sludge output mechanism matched with the V-shaped bottom is arranged in the bottom of the sedimentation treatment tank, the sedimentation treatment tank is arranged in a V-shaped structure, so that the sediments can be gathered in the center of the V-shaped bottom, the sludge pump is arranged in a movable structure, when pumping, the sludge pump is driven to move along one end of the V-shaped bottom to the other end through the moving driving mechanism, so that the whole bottom is pumped, the sludge can be completely pumped out, a sludge scraping device is not needed to be additionally arranged to cooperate with the sludge pump, the sludge is not easy to be stirred and floated up in the pumping process, and residual sludge is reduced. The sealing sleeve and the hard blow-off pipe are matched to realize the sealing of the hard blow-off pipe, and leakage is avoided.

The utility model relates to a kind of paper mill workshop interior dust removal device, when needing to carry out dust removal to paper mill workshop interior in actual production use process, the dust in workshop can be transported to the interior of spray tower body by ventilation duct, then spray tower body is operated, spray tower body is cooled and dusted and absorbs water-soluble pollutant to the gas containing dust that enters first, then dust removal gas after cooling continues to rise to gas outlet, then into gas pipe, the ultraviolet lamp tube in gas pipe excites catalyst coating and generates strong oxidizing free radical, sulfide (such as HzS, methyl mercaptan) in stench, VOCS etc. are decomposed into CO2, H20 etc. Harmless substance, then discharge through outlet, when needing to clean the adherent of ultraviolet lamp tube outer surface stickiness, mobile assembly can be operated, so that mobile assembly drives several groups of scraping component to scrape the adherent on the outer surface of ultraviolet lamp tube by connecting piece, then reset is carried out to scraping component.

The invention discloses a paper mill load low-carbon intelligent regulation and control method considering capacity compensation, and the method comprises the steps: collecting the low-carbon scheduling information of a paper mill; secondly, constructing a paper mill load operation characteristic model considering capacity compensation, carrying out unified modeling on reserve capacity regulation income and equipment operation limitation, and quantifying capacity contribution and income tradeoff of a regulation behavior in a carbon dense period; a GRU-based paper mill load node kilowatt-hour carbon emission factor prediction model is proposed, a time sequence deep learning framework is introduced to dynamically learn a nonlinear relationship between characteristics such as temperature, humidity, load and power grid carbon intensity and carbon emission factors, and time-division and node-division carbon intensity prediction is realized. A paper mill AutoLoss low-carbon regulation and control model based on a predicted carbon factor is proposed, dynamic weighted joint optimization of a low-carbon target, an electric charge target and a capacity response target is realized by introducing a learnable target weight mechanism, and the adaptive ability of the model to a low-carbon regulation and control strategy in a complex operation scene is improved.

The present invention pertains to the fields of industry (refrigeration installations, dairy plants, paper factories and asphalt smelting plants), commerce (hotels, warehouses and swimming pools), agriculture (aviaries, pigsties and silos) and / or residences (condominiums and houses) and relates to directly and / or indirectly heating liquid masses, more specifically water, using an electrical process in the production of heat. The electrical induction resistor (1) is formed by four electrodes arranged at 120° on a circumference and a neutral central electrode. The electrodes are surrounded by a metal bushing with a reducer (6), a stainless steel tube (7) and inner layers of insulation (8A), (8B) and (8C), with connections (9) arranged at the exposed ends of the electrodes. Results demonstrate that the heating performance of the electrical induction resistor (1), mainly for water, is greater, more efficient, safer and more effective when compared with conventional systems.

The invention relates to a preparation method of cigarette paper based on full pulp enzymolysis modification and a product and application thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out enzymolysis treatment on full pulp containing hemp pulp and wood pulp by adopting xylanase under the conditions that the temperature is 45-55 DEG C and the pH value is 7.0-8.0, and carrying out papermaking on the pulp subjected to enzymolysis treatment to obtain the cigarette paper. Under the conventional production conditions of a paper mill, xylanase is adopted to conduct enzymolysis treatment on the full pulp composed of the hemp pulp and the wood pulp, then papermaking is conducted, the production energy consumption is reduced, meanwhile, the problems that when the hemp pulp is replaced by the wood pulp, the strength of cigarette paper is reduced, and the combustion performance is degraded can be solved, and the production cost is reduced. According to the method, the prepared cigarette paper can keep good physical properties, the release amount of tar and CO of cigarettes can be reduced synergistically, the method is completely compatible with an existing production line, the existing white water condition of a paper mill can be directly utilized, the pH and temperature do not need to be adjusted additionally, the cost is saved, and the technology has excellent industrial popularization prospects.

Described herein is a process for upgrading effluent treatment plants for pulp and paper production processes, where salts are removed from the effluent for water reuse and chemical recovery. The process comprises a first dialysis system for salt removal, a second treatment system for recovery or re-concentration, and optionally a post-treatment of the re-concentrate preventing liquid discharges to the environment. In the first system, a reversible electrodialysis or reversible pulsed step is carried out, separating the salts from the effluent, which are sent to the second treatment system to concentrate the salts (re-concentrate) or transform them into useful chemicals for the same process (recovery). Chemical recovery is achieved by electrodialysis with bipolar membranes or metathesis, to reduce the re-concentrate stream, which cannot be reused in the same plant. Lastly, this stream may be treated by spray drying, crystallization or evaporation.

The application provides a plate truck identification method, which realizes sub-pixel level segmentation and positioning of a high plate loading surface of a plate truck, a whole vehicle loading surface and a height increasing tool (such as a small stool) by orthogonal projection conversion from a three-dimensional point cloud to a two-dimensional image, construction of an instance segmentation model combining a convolutional neural network and a Transformer architecture, and output of verified three-dimensional corner point coordinates to a downstream intelligent logistics system after multi-dimensional geometric constraint verification. The method can support automatic loading of paper rolls by unmanned forklifts in paper mills, automatic stacking of container goods and other industrial scenes, and provide centimeter-level spatial positioning guarantee for automatic loading and unloading.