The invention relates to the technical field of
optical fiber sensing and fault diagnosis, in particular to an
optical fiber gyroscope fault monitoring method and
system. The method comprises the following steps: extracting four-dimensional characteristics of
phase difference,
light intensity fluctuation, polarization state drift and temperature drift from an output
signal of an
optical fiber gyroscope, and constructing a high-dimensional
characteristic matrix after unifying a time reference; establishing a
dynamic prediction model based on historical data to generate a
residual matrix, and orthogonally separating the residual into an internal structure abnormal
signal and an environment disturbance
signal through
covariance characteristic
decomposition; mapping the structure residual error sequence into a
topological graph, calculating an evolution index in real time, and capturing a fault gradient trend in combination with sliding window
gradient analysis; a multi-dimensional vector is constructed by fusing topological features, an adaptive classifier of an online
Gaussian mixture model is adopted to identify a fault mode and quantify a
health index, and meanwhile, a health measurement result is fed back to a prediction model and topological analysis parameters to realize closed-
loop optimization. According to the invention, full-process
adaptive monitoring from
anomaly detection to health measurement is realized.