The invention discloses a color quantification method based on a density peak value, and the method comprises the steps: letting an image comprise N pixel points, calculating the Euclidean distances dij between each two pixel points, and building a distance matrix D; letting a cut-off distance be dc, and calculating a local density rho (i) of each pixel point according to the distance matrix D; for each pixel point, finding all pixel points which have higher local densities than the pixel point; finding the Euclidean distances from the pixel point to the pixel points with higher local densities according to the distance matrix D, and defining a minimum Euclidean distance delta (i); calculating a parameter gamma (i), equal to rho (i) * delta (i), of each pixel point, enabling all parameters gamma (i) to be arranged in a descending order, and selecting the pixel points corresponding to the front K parameters gamma (i) as cluster center points; enabling each pixel point after the K pixel points to be ranked in types corresponding to the cluster center points, and then employing a mean value of each type to represent the pixel value of this type, thereby completing the color quantification. The method is good in performance, can effectively and robustly achieve color quantification, and can flexibly meet different needs.