A catalyst composition is disclosed. The composition comprises a titanium compound, a solubility promoter, a phosphorus source, a solvent, and optionally a sulfonic acid, a cocatalyst, or both. The cocatalyst can be a cobalt/aluminum catalyst, an antimony compound, or combinations thereof. Also disclosed is a process for producing the composition. The process comprises combining a titanium compound, a solubility promoter, a phosphorus source, a solvent, and optionally a sulfonic acid, a cocatalyst, or both. Further disclosed is a process for using the composition which comprises contacting a carbonyl compound, in the presence of the composition, with an alcohol under a condition suitable for esterification, transesterification, polymerization, or combinations thereof.