273 results about "Runoff volume" patented technology

The embodiment of the invention discloses a flood forecasting method and system based on historical data to solve a problem of low flood forecasting precision and accuracy. The method comprises the following steps: analyzing the GIS (Geographic Information System) data and the DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data of a forecasting drainage basin, and dividing the forecasting drainage basin into various hydrologic units; carrying out rainfall comparison on historical meteorological hydrologic data under each hydrologic unit with corresponding practical meteorological hydrologic data, determining the historical meteorological hydrologic data matched with rainfall, and weighting with runoff volume obtained by analog computation to obtain a forecasting result of each hydrologic unit; if a certainty coefficient of the forecasting result of each hydrologic unit and the corresponding practical meteorological hydrologic data is greater than or equal to an effective threshold value, utilizing the rainfall capacity of each hydrologic unit and a parameter adopted by analog computation under each hydrologic unit to calculate the flood element of each hydrologic unit; and according to the flood element of each hydrologic unit, carrying out flood forecasting. Floor forecasting precision and accuracy can be improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of rainwater collection and processing, and discloses a novel rainwater retention infiltration system. The novel rainwater retention infiltration system comprises a pre-processing tank and a retention infiltration tank, wherein the pre-processing tank is arranged at the outer side of the retention infiltration tank; the pre-processing tank and the retention infiltration tank are separated by virtue of a perforated partition board; gravels are kept in the pre-processing tank; the retention infiltration tank is sequentially provided with plants, a water storage layer, a coverage layer, a planting soil layer, a packing layer, an isolating layer and a gravel layer in a thickness direction; a drainage pipeline is arranged in the gravel layer of the retention infiltration tank; an overflow pipe is vertically arranged in the retention infiltration tank; one end of the overflow pipe communicates with the drainage pipeline and the other end is exposed out of the retention infiltration tank; and a reoxygenation pipe is arranged in the packing layer. With the application of the system provided by the invention, stormwater runoff pollution load can be effectively reduced, rainwater runoff volume and peak can be diminished and the problem that the system gets blocked can be effectively prevented; and the system is simple in structure, low in maintenance cost, simple and feasible in implementation and broad in application scope.

An artificial rainfall runoff and soil water motion simulation experimental system comprises a rainer, a runoff and soil water forming device, a water drainage device and a runoff volume measuring device. The rainer comprises a water supply device and a raindrop forming device; the water supply device adjusts water outlet strength by an adjusting valve and a flow meter; the raindrop forming device is a group of pipes with holes; the runoff and soil water forming device is a vertical container with a soil layer; the group of pipes with holes is arranged on the top of the vertical container and can be adjusted in a lifting manner; and the container comprises an inner wall on the inner layer and an outer wall on the outer layer, the inner wall consists of a water permeable steel wire gauze, the outer wall is made of a transparent material, the inner wall and the outer wall are connected with each other by a water impermeable layering steel plate, the water drainage device is arranged below the soil layer, a water leading pipe which is connected with the runoff volume measuring device is arranged outside the container, and the runoff volume measuring device performs data processing and operation by a computer. The artificial rainfall runoff and soil water motion simulation experimental system is convenient to carry, high in experimental efficiency, accurate and fast in operation and high in adaptability.

The invention discloses a measuring method for researching the runoff and sediment production rule of an overland flow and an underground pore fracture flow. An artificial rainfall device, a self-made experimental apparatus, a small plastic barrel, a large plastic barrel with graduations, a sampling bottle, a graduated cylinder and a beaker are provided in the method. The measuring method comprises the following steps of: A, setting and measuring the bare rate of bedrock; B, measuring the underground pore fracture degree; C, determining the raininess; D, collecting a runoff sample and a sediment production sample; E, measuring the runoff volume; F, measuring the sediment yield: measuring suspended sediments and measuring traction loads; G, measuring the loss of soil nutrients; H, measuring the content of sediment nutrients; and I, measuring the content of runoff nutrients. The invention provides the effective method for accelerating to research the soil erosion mechanism in the karst region through researching the runoff and sediment production rule of the overland flow and the underground pore fracture flow in the karst region by combining the self-made experimental apparatus which is capable of adjusting the slope and the pore fracture degree and manually simulating rainfall.

The invention relates to an ecological road shock resistance rainwater utilization system. The ecological road shock resistance rainwater utilization system is characterized in that the ecological road shock resistance rainwater utilization system is arranged on an open space or greenbelt land on the side of a road, and comprises rainwater inlets, abandon flow grooves, a low elevation greenbelt, initial rainwater storage processing wet land, an overflow well, a rainwater tank, a rainwater utilization structure and a draining well, wherein grids are arranged in the rainwater inlets, volume spaces are arranged inside the rainwater inlets, and are used for remaining rainwater for a short time and serving as grit chambers, the rainwater inlets are communicated with the abandon flow grooves through rainwater pipes, overflow openings are formed in the tops of the abandon flow grooves, the abandon flow grooves are communicated with the initial rainwater storage processing wet land through abandon flow pipes, the low elevation greenbelt is lower than a road surface, a permeable backfill layer is arranged on the lower portion of the low elevation greenbelt, the initial rainwater storage processing wet land comprises an initial rainwater storage pool and processing wet land, and a partition wall with water distribution holes is arranged between the initial rainwater storage pool and the processing wet land. The ecological road shock resistance rainwater utilization system plays a role in rainwater discharge reduction and slow discharge, reduces city rainfall flood runoff volume, reduces probability of occurrence of city rainfall flood disasters, and meanwhile can effectively control construction scales of downstream drainage systems, has an excellent eco-environment protection effect, and provides a new way to solve the problem of city water shortage.

The invention discloses a refined-grid waterlogging forecasting method. The method comprises: S1, grid division is carried out on an urban area by using a divided pipenetwork drainage area as a unit and an underlying surface type as a basis; S2, an SCS model is established if the grid area includes a drainage basin, and an SWMM model is established if no riverway drainage basin exists in the gridarea; and S3, a runoff volume of the grid area and a runoff volume of an overflowing node under the current rainstorm weather in city are calculated respectively based on the SCS model and the SWMM model, the overflowing data as parameters are inputted into an LISFLOOD-FP model to simulate a flooding range, a water depth, and a flooding process of the city. According to the method disclosed by theinvention, the urban area is divided into a plurality of grids and calculation is carried out by selecting different models, so that the accuracy of water accumulating forecasting is improved.

The invention discloses a pure remote sensing data driven drainage basin water circulation simulation method, comprising the following steps: building a drainage basin water circulation simulation framework including a vegetation interception and evapotranspiration process, a runoff production process and a runoff concentration process and compatible with spatial information; completing the simulation of drainage basin runoff production and concentration processes entirely based on remote sensing data, and getting the background values of total runoff yield and runoff volume of any grid point in a drainage basin; and adding a model parameter self-optimization module, constructing an objective function, carrying out random sampling to generate a simulation parameter sample combination to be calibrated, introducing a model for iterative operation, and determining eligible drainage basin water circulation simulation parameters and runoff production and concentration simulation results. The dependence on the observation data of a traditional meteorological site is reduced effectively, the spatio-temporal continuity and spatial heterogeneity of water circulation are better reflected, and the physical mechanism and multi-source data compatibility of the method are enhanced.

The invention discloses a river mouth salt tide forecasting method based on tides and runoff. The method specifically comprises the following steps of A00, parameter selection, B00, parameter quantization, C00, estimation of salinity and a tidal range statistic model, D00, initial estimation of the salinity and a runoff volume statistic model, E00, initial estimation of a salinity statistic model, F00, correction of the salinity statistic model, G00, obtainment of a salinity forecasting model. According to the river mouth salt tide forecasting method based on tides and runoff, the salt tide upstream forecasting model based on chlorosity and the relation of the runoff and the tidal range is established, forecasting can be achieved 1-7 days ahead of schedule, and middle or short term salt tide forecasting is achieved; the forecasting model only has one main unknown runoff parameter, the complex problem of salt tide forecasting is simplified, and the method has the outstanding advantages of being simple, convenient and practical.

The invention discloses a prediction method and device of the day runoff volume of a snowmelt period. The method comprises the steps that the variable data and the measuring parameter data of an n day snowmelt zone drainage basin in the current snowmelt period are obtained; the water-recession coefficient kn + 1 of an n + 1 day snowmelt zone drainage basin in the current snowmelt period is obtained; according to the variable data and the measuring parameter data of the n day snowmelt zone drainage basin and the water-recession coefficient kn + 1 of an n + 1 day snowmelt zone drainage basin, the water amount of snowmelt and rainfall in a drainage basin area A of the n + 1 day snowmelt zone drainage basin and the water-recession flow of river channel runoff in the drainage basin are computed; and the water amount of snowmelt and rainfall in the drainage basin area A of the n + 1 day snowmelt zone drainage basin and the water-recession flow of the river channel runoff in the drainage basin are combined, and the day runoff volume of the n + 1 day snowmelt zone drainage basin in the current snowmelt period is obtained by computing. According to the method and the device, the accuracy and the integrity of prediction of the day runoff volume of the snowmelt period can be improved.

The invention provides a device for real-time automatic measurement of runoff mud and sand and a measurement method, wherein a measurement scale is installed inside a support shell body; a sampler is installed on the measurement scale; the top end of the sampler is separated from a sample inlet hole; a sample discharge hole is disposed in the bottom end of the sampler; an overflow hole used to calibrate a volume of the sampler is also disposed in the outer side wall of the sampler; a sample inlet valve is installed on the sample inlet hole; the sample inlet valve controls electric motor driving by the sample inlet valve; a sample discharge valve is installed on the sample discharge hole; the sample discharge valve controls the electric motor driving by the sample discharge valve; a first fluid sensor is installed in the sample inlet hole; a second fluid sensor is installed in the overflow hole; and a PLC controller controls the whole measurement device to complete self-starting, self-dormancy and automatic repeated measurement. The measurement device provided by the invention has the advantages that a runoff volume and a content of the mud and the sand in an outdoor runoff small area or at a drainage basin runoff station can be measured automatically and continuously in real time; and labor force consumption of the manual measurement can be reduced. The measurement device and the measurement method provided by the invention can ensure accuracy of measurement results.

The invention provides a greenbelt structure integrating rainwater storage and utilization in the technical field of sponge city building.The greenbelt structure comprises a vegetation layer, a planting soil layer and a water storage layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.A separating layer is arranged between the planting soil layer and the water storage layer.A rainwater permeating and drainage facility is arranged in the greenbelt structure and comprises a gravel buffering area and a water drainage pipe, wherein the gravel buffering area penetrates through the greenbelt structure from top to bottom, and the water drainage pipe is arranged in the gravel buffering area.An overflowing area is arranged on the upper portion of the water drainage pipe and sleeved with a protecting hood.Rainwater can be directly absorbed and stored in the water storage layer of the lower layer of the greenbelt structure, the rainwater runoff volume generated by rainfall of rainstorms and above can be reduced, pressure of a municipal drainage network is effectively relieved, the stored rainwater can be directly utilized for growth of green plants, and the irrigation needs of the green plants are effectively reduced.

The invention discloses a river network modeling method which is used for analyzing and researching the river network by means of the complex network theory, and belongs to the technical field of hydrology. The modeling method abstracts the object river network into a directed network model and includes steps of defining evident changes of hydraulic characteristics of rivers in the object river network as nodes of the directed network model; defining riverways where river water flows through among the nodes as edges of the directed network model and defining flow direction of the river water as directions of the edges. The river network modeling method further quantitatively analyzes importance of the nodes and the edges in the river network according to the hydraulic characteristics such as the length of the riverways and runoff volume. Compared with existing normal hydrological models, the river network modeling method can well reflect real topological property of the river network and integrally analyzes and researches the real river network, importance of the nodes and the edges in the river network can be analyzed, and great significance in flood fighting, disaster relief, water resource protection and hydrological analysis and research and the like is achieved.

The invention discloses an LID (low impact development) type rainwater ditch and a design and calculation method for the same, and is applicable to various rainwater drainage ditches such as drainage ditches, farmland drainage ditches and floodwater drainage ditches on two sides of a slope and two sides of a road. The rainwater ditch comprises a ditch, storage dams, overflow ports, a rubble layer, a sandy soil layer, ecological slopes and the like. The sandy soil layer is laid on a bed of the ditch, the rubble layer is laid on the upper side of the sandy soil layer, and the storage dams are longitudinally continuously arranged along the ditch and are separated from one another by a certain distance, so that a series of reservoirs which are continuously distributed are formed along the ditch. The design and calculation method includes designing and calculating layout spacing of the water storage dams and the sizes of the overflow ports. The LID type rainwater ditch and the design and calculation method have the advantages that the LID type rainwater ditch has multiple functions of 'drainage, water storage, infiltration and decontamination', and is incomparable to a hard rainwater ditch only with a drainage function; the LID type rainwater ditch is high in water storage capacity and drainage speed which are deficient in a wetland bed type rainwater ditch; the rainfall flood runoff volume can be obviously reduced, the groundwater recharge can be improved, non-point surface pollutants of rainwater can be reduced, and environments can be beautified.

The invention discloses a catchment area critical rainfall calculating method based on a DEM. The method comprises the steps that a waterlogging minimum point hmin of a catchment area is firstly acquired, an elevation value of the waterlogging minimum point is added to a maximum value delta h of the waterlogging depth to obtain a waterlogging elevation value of the catchment area, a height difference delta h obtained by subtracting the waterlogging elevation value from an original DEM diagram layer serves as a waterlogging depth value of each grid, the grid waterlogging depth delta h is added to the average drainage capability d of the catchment area to obtain the runoff volume q of the grid, and the runoff volume q of all the grids is accumulated to obtain the total sum of the runoff volume of the catchment area; the ratio of the total runoff volume to a runoff coefficient alpha serves as the total rainfall of the catchment area; the total rainfall is divided by the area of the whole catchment area to obtain the unit area rainfall, that is, the catchment area critical rainfall generated when the waterlogging depth is delta h. According to the method, personal errors generated when the waterlogging depth is manually collected for regression analysis in the past are omitted, so that a calculating result is more scientific and reasonable.