The invention discloses a
model test device of excavating a tunnel in a transparent soil foundation and a test method. The
model test device comprises a model groove, transparent soil, segmented water bags, industrial cameras,
laser emitters and a
laser movement track; the transparent soil is placed in the
organic glass model groove; and the segmented water bags, each of which is provided with a water drainage
pipe and a valve, are embedded in the transparent soil. According to the
model test device, a tunnel part to be excavated is simulated through the water bags embedded in the model groove, and the tunnel excavating process is simulated through drainage of the water bags. A test method comprises the following steps that the water bags are drained one by one, the industrial cameras are adopted to photograph a
laser plane in the drainage process, the three-dimensional deformation characteristic is obtained through
software analysis and the like. According to the model test device and the test method, an
underground tunnel excavating process needing a very large practical operation space can be simulated through one model test, so that the model is simple, the use is convenient, the test cost is low, and the
simulation effect is good; and in addition, internal deformation of a soil body can be measured in real time with high accuracy, and a three-dimensional deformation field is obtained.