The invention discloses an automatic driving control system and method. The control system comprises a curve synthesis unit, a feedback unit, a controller and an optimization unit, wherein the curve synthesis unit is used for calculating an object speed curve according to a condition inputted by an external system; the feedback unit is used for acquiring state information during the operation process of a train; the controller is used for making a train control instruction according to the object speed curve and the sate information fed back by the feedback unit; and the optimization unit is used for optimizing the control instruction outputted by the controller by use of an instruction optimization strategy and a relation matrix combined and constructed by conditions to obtain an optimized control instruction. According to the invention, through increasing optimization units, multi-target data is obtained, i.e., multiple parameters are obtained, and the object speed curve obtained through calculating by the curve synthesis unit is formed, the control instruction is obtained through combination with the state information which is fed back, and the control instruction is optimized, so that in a specific scene, self-adaptive automatic driving control is realized, the control of a vehicle-mounted controller is facilitated, and the control effects are improved.