The invention discloses a pedestrian abnormal behavior identification method based on 3D convolution. The pedestrian abnormal behavior identification method comprises the steps of S1, creating a dataset containing abnormal behaviors such as fighting, dog walking and falling; S2, in combination with the latest video behavior identification scheme, constructing a 3D convolutional neural network considering both precision and speed; S3, preprocessing the images in the data set, and sending the preprocessed images into a 3D convolutional neural network to obtain a video abnormal behavior recognition model; And S4, inputting a tested pedestrian monitoring video, and outputting an abnormal behavior type. According to the identification method provided by the invention, the lightweight 2D convolutional network MobileNet idea is migrated to the 3D network, so that the calculation cost can be reduced on the basis of maintaining the identification performance; Meanwhile, a self-adaptive poolinglayer and a sparse time sampling strategy are adopted, so that a large amount of redundant information and fuzzy noise contained in continuous frames can be reduced.