779results about "Snow cleaning" patented technology

The system for deicing black ice includes a plurality of laser scanners that are arranged at intervals along a road, each laser scanner including a light source unit, a non-contact temperature sensor, and a control unit that controls an operation of radiating the laser to the area in charge, a weather sensor that measures a temperature and humidity, and an integrated controller that communicates with the plurality of laser scanners. The integrated controller determines whether the laser is radiated to the road surface based on at least one of the measured temperature and humidity, and when the laser radiation is determined, generates a control signal to activate at least one laser scanner, and the control unit determines a heating area, and generates a pulse signal to turn on / off a light source unit so that the laser is radiated in accordance with a shape and range of the heating area.

The invention relates to the technical field of road traffic management and maintenance, in particular to a method for configuring ice and snow removing and traffic keeping mechanical equipment in a regional road network, which comprises the following steps of: formulating a standard road section length standard for configuring ice and snow removing mechanical equipment; dividing the roads into different grades based on the requirements of unobstructed and unobstructed road maintenance of different road sections in the regional road network; corresponding ice and snow removing operation time limit requirements are provided according to different grades of roads and different snow conditions; according to the regional characteristics, selecting proper conventional ice and snow removing mechanical equipment types; determining the configuration number of ice and snow removing equipment based on the equipment operation parameters and the actual condition of the road; and in combination with different snow conditions and different grades of roads, an applicable ice and snow removal operation combination mode is calculated, and the number of operation combination tables is determined. According to the method, the configuration number of the equipment is determined by combining the operation parameters of the equipment with the actual condition of the road, so that the allocation of the equipment is more scientific and reasonable, the problem of resource waste is reduced, and the unobstructed and smooth capability of the road in winter is improved.

A containment plow adapted to be mounted to a vehicle such as a skid steer, a wheeled loader, or a tractor comprises a moldboard frame, a moldboard mounted to the moldboard frame, a wing pivotally connected to the moldboard frame adjacent each end of the moldboard, a moldboard cutting edge mounted to a lower edge of the moldboard and comprising a plurality of cutting edge segments, and a wing cutting edge mounted to a lower edge of each wing. Each moldboard cutting edge segment is mounted so as to have two rotational degrees of freedom movement relative to the moldboard and one translational degree of freedom movement relative to the moldboard. Each wing cutting edge is mounted so as to have two rotational degrees of freedom movement relative to the wing.

The snow sweeping robot and the snow sweeping system disclosed by the application, wherein the snow sweeping robot comprises: a snow sweeping device, a vehicle body fixedly connected with the snow sweeping device for carrying the snow sweeping device to move, the vehicle body is provided with a battery mounting position for fixing a battery, and the snow sweeping robot further comprises a charging module for charging the battery, and the charging module is arranged at the bottom of the vehicle body to charge the snow sweeping robot from the bottom to the top. The snow sweeping robot disclosed by the application is provided with the charging module on the lower surface of the chassis, so that the whole vehicle body plays a shielding role, and snowflakes cannot fall on the surface of the charging module when it snows, so that the charging module is prevented from being hindered by accumulated snow on the surface.

The invention discloses a comprehensive design method for an anti-freezing pavement of a highway in a high-altitude severe cold area, relates to the technical field of road engineering, and solves the problems of high energy consumption, short service life, unfriendly environment or poor system reliability and the like generally existing in the prior art. And the design of combining structures, materials, energy and intelligent control is lacked. A comprehensive design method for an anti-freezing pavement of a highway in a high-altitude severe cold area comprises the following steps that S1, a multi-layer composite pavement structure is constructed, and the multi-layer composite pavement structure is composed of an anti-sliding and ice-inhibiting functional layer, an energy active layer and a heat preservation structure layer from top to bottom; and S2, a distributed state sensing network is arranged in the multi-layer composite pavement structure and on the roadside of the multi-layer composite pavement structure. Passive ice suppression, active ice melting, intelligent sensing and green energy are organically integrated to form a complete'sensing-decision-execution-energy supply 'closed-loop system, and the limitation of a single technology is broken through.

A snow plow blade attachment includes a blade retainer, springs, and blade. The blade retainer includes a front plate, back plate, and bushings insertable through holes defined in the front plate and back plate. The blade includes elongated openings for receiving the bushings, a top edge having notches for receiving springs, and a bottom edge. The blade retainer secures the blade to an adapter plate using fasteners inserted through the bushings, the elongated openings of the blade, and holes defined in the adapter plate. The springs are disposed between the notches and a top portion of the blade retainer in a manner to bias the blade toward the road surface. The blade moves vertically as the bushings travel within the elongated openings when an upward force is applied to the blade.

A riding lawn mower, including: a frame; a seat; a walking assembly and a walking motor; a cutting assembly and a driving motor configured to drive the cutting assembly; a first energy storage device configured to supply power to at least one of the walking motor or the driving motor, the first energy storage device including at least one first energy storage unit, the first energy storage device detachably mounted to the frame and enabled to supply power to a handheld power tool when detached from the riding lawn mower; and a second energy storage device configured to supply power to at least one of the walking motor or the driving motor, the second energy storage device including at least one second energy storage unit; wherein an energy density of the second energy storage unit is different from an energy density of the first energy storage unit.

A snow blower device having a housing forming a cavity configured to receive snow. A rotatable auger is supported by the housing and positioned within the cavity to gather and direct snow into a discharge chute having a lumen extending from the inside of the housing to the outside of the housing. The device further includes a blade combined with the frame and movable between a retracted position and an engaged position. In the retracted position the blade is positioned to let the snow reach the auger when the snow blower is moved in the forward direction. In the engaged position the blade is moved downward so that it contacts the ground surface and functions as a plow or snow push when the snow blower is moved in a backward direction.

This invention belongs to the field of snowplows, specifically relating to a snowplow assembly and a snowplow, comprising: a support shaft; a snow-throwing paddle, installed in the middle of the support shaft and configured to rotate synchronously with the support shaft; a left snowplow assembly and a right snowplow assembly, respectively positioned on either side of the snow-throwing paddle, and symmetrical about a plane perpendicular to the axis of the support shaft; the left snowplow assembly includes a snow-scraping blade, which is spirally wound around the support shaft along its axial direction; the snow-scraping blade is composed of at least two separate spiral blades joined together, each spiral blade having a connecting portion at its end away from the snow-throwing paddle; the connecting portion is connected to the support shaft; wherein the spiral blade closest to the snow-throwing paddle is connected to the snow-throwing paddle. This invention improves the structural strength of the snowplow assembly.

The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical engineering and intelligent control, and particularly discloses a dynamic leveling method and system for a damping profiling icebreaking snow remover. The method comprises the steps that high-strength alloy impact toughness parameters and staggered rolling path parameters are collected, an icebreaking wheel set rigidity matching matrix is generated through optimization, and adjustable rigidity assignment is completed; acquiring road surface fluctuation data within a profiling distance based on a laser ranging device, and fusing multispectral and millimeter wave radar data to generate a three-dimensional dynamic terrain map; inputting the rigidity matching matrix and the dynamic terrain map into an LSTM mechanical simulation engine, calculating five-wheel-set dynamic pressure distribution and outputting real-time wheel set pressure parameters; the real-time pressure parameter is compared with the measured value of the sensor, and an oil cylinder stroke compensation instruction is generated to drive hydraulic leveling control; analyzing the three-dimensional position offset of the snow shovel and the ice breaking wheel, converting the three-dimensional position offset into a side row inclination angle parameter, and generating a multi-shaft torque cooperative control instruction; and generating a material wear characteristic spectrum through federal learning training, and dynamically correcting a path inclination angle and a rigidity compensation parameter. The ice breaking and snow removing device has the beneficial effects of improving ice breaking and snow removing efficiency, enhancing equipment stability and reducing material abrasion.

The utility model relates to the technical field of road snow melting, in particular to a high-efficiency gravity type inorganic heat pipe for road snow melting, which comprises an evaporation pipe, a silicon carbide pipe is sleeved on the outer side of the evaporation pipe, and working fluid is filled in the evaporation pipe. A plurality of fins are arranged on the surface of the condensation cavity pipe, and a heat insulation cavity pipe is arranged between the condensation cavity pipe and the evaporation pipe; the device has the advantages that the whole device is of an inverted-L-shaped structure, the evaporation pipe of the device is embedded into a roadside roadbed, then the condensation cavity pipe is partially embedded into a pavement asphalt layer with the fins facing upwards, in the snow melting process, the temperature of the evaporation pipe is high, the temperature of the condensation cavity pipe is low, and working liquid in the evaporation pipe evaporates from the evaporation pipe and flows upwards to the condensation cavity pipe; and heat is released and condensed on the upper wall of the condensation cavity pipe and the fins, and then flows back to the evaporation pipe under the action of gravity, so that efficient transfer of heat is realized, the environment is protected while efficient snow melting is realized, and the problems of low snow removal efficiency and damage to the environment and the road surface are avoided.

An outdoor moving device includes a main body, a first energy storage device, a second energy storage device, and a connection assembly. The first energy storage device is capable of supplying power to the outdoor moving device and includes at least one first energy storage unit. The second energy storage device is capable of supplying power to the outdoor moving device and includes at least one second energy storage unit. The connection assembly is used for mounting the second energy storage device to the main body. The first energy storage device is detachably mounted to the main body, the first energy storage device is detachable from the main body to supply power to another power tool, the first energy storage unit includes a first positive electrode made of a first material, and the second energy storage unit includes a second positive electrode made of a second material.

An ice leveling system involves a laser receiver mountable on an ice conditioning head of an ice resurfacing machine below a top-most portion of the ice resurfacing machine and at least two laser projectors that project laser light in a plane below a level of the top-most portion of the ice resurfacing machine. The at least two laser projectors are mountable adjacent to an ice surface and are positionable around the ice surface so that the laser receiver when mounted on the ice resurfacing machine always receives the laser light from at least one of the at least two laser projectors during an ice leveling operation. At least one of the at least two laser projectors is height adjustable to align the laser light plane projected by the height adjustable laser projector with the laser light plane of others of the at least two laser projectors.

The utility model provides a snow outlet direction adjusting assembly and a snow sweeper. The snow outlet direction adjusting assembly comprises a snow outlet barrel, a gear set, a flexible shaft and a driving mechanism. The snow outlet barrel is located on the upper portion of the snow sweeper and can rotate. The gear set is used for driving the snow outlet barrel to rotate. The snow outlet cylinder and the gear set adopt the prior art, and do not need to be repeated here. The flexible shaft is used for driving the gear set. The driving mechanism is used for manually driving the rotating shaft to rotate. According to the snow sweeper, the flexible shaft is manually driven by the driving mechanism to rotate forwards and backwards, compared with a snow sweeper in which the snow outlet barrel is driven by a motor to rotate, the motor can be prevented from being burnt out, frozen parts near the snow outlet barrel can be broken, and the steering function of the snow outlet barrel can be recovered conveniently.

Provided is a snow thrower. The snow thrower includes: a snow collection device including a snow collection element for collecting snow and a first electric motor configured to drive the snow collection element to rotate; a snow throwing device including a snow throwing element for throwing out the snow collected by the snow collection device, a discharge chute guiding a snow throwing direction, and a second electric motor driving the snow throwing element to rotate; a main housing for supporting the snow collection device and the snow throwing device; a walking assembly including walking wheels driving the snow thrower to walk on the ground; and a power supply device configured to power the first electric motor and the second electric motor. A working current of the first electric motor is less than or equal to 40 A when the snow collection element works with no load. The snow thrower has relatively high work efficiency.

This utility model provides a road snow removal device, belonging to the field of road snow removal technology. The road snow removal device includes: a mounting frame, a first rotating shaft, a first spiral blade, a second spiral blade, a snow discharge hole, a support base, a second rotating shaft, a snow discharge fan, a snow throwing hole, and a snow throwing tube. By mounting multiple first spiral blades and multiple second spiral blades on the outside of the first rotating shaft, when the first rotating shaft is rotated, it drives the multiple first spiral blades and multiple second spiral blades to rotate, thereby enabling the first and second spiral blades to disperse accumulated snow and ice, facilitating the removal of snow and ice and improving the user experience. By positioning the snow discharge hole between the first and second spiral blades, and arranging the first and second spiral blades opposite to each other, the first and second spiral blades work together to push accumulated snow at the snow discharge hole, preventing snow from being discharged through the snow discharge hole.

To suppress rotating parts from being damaged while suppressing workload increase of operators.SOLUTION: A snow blower 1 includes an operating part 34 that performs snow removing work, a drive source 10 that rotates the operating part 34, a friction clutch 44 that is provided in a rotation transmission path P from the drive source 10 to the operating part 34, idles and cuts off the transmission of rotation from the driving source 10 to the operating part 34 when a torque of a predetermined value or more is applied, and a control device 74 that controls the operation of the drive source 10 based on the estimated temperature of the friction clutch 44.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

The utility model provides an ice crushing device, and relates to the field of highway maintenance. The ice crushing device comprises a box body and an ice crushing mechanism, a collecting mechanism is arranged below the box body, a moving mechanism is further arranged below the box body, the collecting mechanism comprises an ice shovel and a collecting box, and the moving mechanism comprises a rotating shaft and a crawler belt. According to the ice crushing device, the collecting mechanism is arranged, and an ice shovel, a collecting box and a water pump are matched for use, so that the problem that in the patent, crushed ice residues are swept and accumulated to one side of a road surface only through a cleaning wheel brush, so that the ice residues accumulated to one side of the road surface are secondarily iced, and normal use of the road is affected is solved; the beneficial effects that crushed ice residues are collected and treated, and it is avoided that secondary icing of the ice residues affects road use are achieved. According to the ice crushing device, wheels used for moving are replaced by the crawler belts, the problem that the wheels are prone to slipping on the ice surface is solved, and the beneficial effect that the use of the device is prevented from being affected by slipping of the wheels is achieved.

A snow removal device comprising a mounting device for attachment to a vehicle, wherein the snow removal device comprises at least two snow removal devices (1, 2, 3), a central snow removal device (2) and at least one outer snow removal device (1, 3) which are pivotably and rotatably arranged to the left or right, or to the left and right of the central snow removal device (2), characterized in that the two outer snow removal devices (1, 3) can be rotated in the direction of travel so that they are folded over the central snow removal device (2) and do not project laterally beyond it, i.e., they have an internal angle of 0 degrees, for this purpose the snow removal device comprises a drive device which performs a linear movement which lengthens or shortens a path and exerts a force on a triangular frame (5) mounted by means of three axes, pivot axes (6, 7, 8), which is connected to the central snow removal device (2) via one of the axes, pivot axes.wherein the triangular frame (5) in turn exerts a force via an axis, pivot axis (10) on each connecting part (9), which in turn transmits the force to at least one of the two outer clearing devices (1, 3).

An ice removal system for cables on bridges, consisting of: an adjustable ring-shaped stainless steel construction for cables of different diameters with a firm and stable hold, without slipping; at least six ball-bearing rubber wheels for smooth gliding along the cable without damaging its surface; an AC drive system with a 300 W AC motor to drive a gearbox that has a roller and all rollers are driven synchronously to ensure free movement; a fixed blade that is rigidly mounted on the machine and serves to scrape and push the ice away from the cable, when the device moves the cable upwards; and a remotely controlled system for switching on and off, raising and lowering, and torque operation to achieve the maximum ice removal flow in each case.

The utility model discloses a front and rear protection device of a rotating mechanism, which relates to the technical field of road snow removal equipment and comprises a rotating mechanism front protection cover and a rotating mechanism rear protection cover which are respectively arranged on the front side and the rear side of a side row rotating mechanism; the rotating mechanism front protective cover is fixed on the icebreaking machine frame body; the rotating mechanism rear protection cover is rotatably arranged on the icebreaking machine frame body, one end of the rotating mechanism rear protection cover is rotatably installed on the icebreaking machine frame body through a pivot shaft, and a shovel blade is fixed to the other end of the rotating mechanism rear protection cover; the lower side of the rotating mechanism rear protection cover is rotatably connected with one end of a hydraulic cylinder, and the other end of the hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected with the icebreaking machine frame body. According to the utility model, foreign matters can be prevented from entering the high-speed rotating side-row rotating mechanism, the side-row rotating mechanism is prevented from being damaged, the maintenance cost is reduced, and the service life of equipment is prolonged.

This invention discloses a winter de-icing blanket for highways and its application method, belonging to the field of road maintenance technology. The de-icing blanket comprises a flexible, rollable blanket body, with a waterproof layer, a heating layer, and a moisture-absorbing and heat-storing layer layered sequentially from top to bottom. The moisture-absorbing and heat-storing layer has both heat-storing and water-absorbing structures, simultaneously storing heat and absorbing moisture generated during ice melting. In use, the de-icing blanket is laid on the ice surface; after being powered on, the heating layer generates heat, which melts the ice and absorbs the melted water. The heat-storing structure helps maintain the temperature. After use, it can be dried at high temperature for storage and reuse. This invention integrates de-icing, water absorption, and heat storage functions, offering high de-icing efficiency, environmental friendliness, and ease of storage and transportation, making it suitable for winter road de-icing operations.

The utility model discloses a profiling snow scraping shovel. The profiling snow scraping shovel comprises a bucket body, a shovel blade, a rotary connecting piece and an elastic reset piece. The bucket body comprises a front plate and a back plate; the front plate and the back plate are oppositely arranged, and a flat groove for installing a scraper knife is formed in the landing side of the bucket body. And the scraper knife is rotationally mounted on the back plate through the rotary connecting piece, so that the scraper knife has a rotational degree of freedom in the plane where the flat groove is located. The rotary connecting piece is a set of shaft sleeves, and a first receding hole set matched with the shaft sleeves is formed in the scraper knife. And the elastic resetting piece accumulates elastic restoring force under the rotation of the scraper knife so as to drive the scraper knife to reset after the external force is removed. The snow scraping shovel further comprises a fastener which is used for directly or indirectly connecting and fixing the front plate and the back plate. When the scraper knife makes contact with the uneven ground, the working angle is adjusted in a self-adaptive mode, the snow removing efficiency is improved, and working noise and equipment abrasion are reduced.

The utility model discloses a side wing shovel with a controllable opening and closing angle, and relates to the technical field of snow removal equipment, the side wing shovel comprises a front-end girder fixing frame and a rear-end girder fixing frame, the front-end girder fixing frame and the rear-end girder fixing frame are both fixedly connected with a vehicle, one end of the front-end girder fixing frame is fixedly connected with an oil cylinder connecting plate, and the other end of the front-end girder fixing frame is fixedly connected with an oil cylinder. The lower end of the oil cylinder connecting plate is rotationally connected with a second front-end connecting rod, the position, located above the second front-end connecting rod, of the oil cylinder connecting plate is rotationally connected with a first front-end connecting rod, and a third front-end connecting rod is arranged between the ends, away from the oil cylinder connecting plate, of the first front-end connecting rod and the second front-end connecting rod. Two ends of the third front-end connecting rod are rotationally connected with the first front-end connecting rod and the second front-end connecting rod The front end and the rear end of the side wing shovel are simultaneously and stably lifted, the front lifting oil cylinder and the rear lifting oil cylinder control the side wing shovel, the snow plate direct-pushing type opening and closing structure is adopted, and the swing oil cylinder randomly controls the opening and closing angle.

The utility model discloses a double-row-wheel icebreaker, relates to the technical field of road surface deicing, and aims to solve the problem that when an existing road surface icebreaking device passes through a bumpy road surface, only part of an icebreaking roller is in contact with the ground, and part of the icebreaking roller is suspended. An icebreaking roller in a hollow part is suspended and cannot be in contact with a ground ice shell, and pavement icebreaking cannot be completed, so that pavement icebreaking is incomplete; when an icebreaking roller located at the top end of a hollow part makes contact with the ground, due to the fact that the overall gravity of the icebreaking roller is completely applied to a protruding road surface, an icebreaking nail stabs the road surface, and the road surface is damaged are solved, and the icebreaking device comprises a supporting frame, a connecting rod, a connecting frame and an icebreaking wheel; a connecting rod is fixed on the support frame, the connecting rod is hinged with the connecting frame, two rows of icebreaking devices are arranged on the support frame, each row of icebreaking device consists of a plurality of icebreaking wheels capable of independently floating up and down, and the ice breaking device also comprises a floating connecting device or an elastic device.

The embodiment of the invention provides a snow shovel unfolding and folding control method, and relates to the technical field of snow shovels. The snow shovel unfolding and folding control method comprises the steps that an unfolding instruction is obtained, and an electromagnet on the right side of a first reversing valve is controlled to be electrified according to the unfolding instruction; keeping the electrifying duration of the first reversing valve to a first preset duration, and controlling the right electromagnet of the first reversing valve to be de-energized; a right electromagnet of the second reversing valve is controlled to be electrified; keeping the electrifying duration of the second reversing valve to a second preset duration, and controlling the right electromagnet of the second reversing valve to be de-energized. Acquiring a recovery instruction; controlling a left electromagnet of the second reversing valve to be electrified according to the withdrawing instruction; keeping the electrifying duration of the second reversing valve to a seventh preset duration, and controlling an electromagnet on the left side of the second reversing valve to be de-energized; a left electromagnet of the first reversing valve is controlled to be electrified; keeping the electrifying duration of the first reversing valve to an eighth preset duration, and controlling an electromagnet on the left side of the first reversing valve to be de-energized. The control method can reduce the operation difficulty of folding and unfolding the snow shovel and improve the operation safety.

The application relates to the technical field of water quality detection, and discloses a water quality detection device in an extremely cold environment, which comprises an ice surface collecting vehicle and an under-ice sampler; the ice surface collecting vehicle is used for collecting snow and ice columns on the ice surface; the under-ice sampler is used for sampling liquid water under the ice; the main body of the under-ice sampler is a floating body structure and can float to the bottom of the ice surface under water; a backwash wing is arranged at the front end of the under-ice sampler and is used for providing a forward moving impact force by means of water flow; a permanent magnet is arranged in the under-ice sampler, a magnetic track is arranged in the ice layer, or a magnetic block is arranged at the bottom of the ice surface collecting vehicle; if the thickness of the ice layer is small, the ice surface collecting vehicle is used for navigation; and if the thickness of the ice layer is large, a preset magnetic track is arranged at the bottom of the water. The under-ice sampler cooperates with the ice surface collecting vehicle to work, the under-ice sampler is not provided with a driving system, the initial power is provided by the water flow under the ice, the ice surface collecting vehicle or the preset magnetic track is used for providing guidance, the path of the under-ice sampler is controlled, and the fixed-point sampling is completed.

To provide a walking-type snow blower capable of further improving safety by responding to various postures and situations of an object when detecting the object such as a driver at the time of retreating.SOLUTION: A walking-type snow blower comprises a machine body 10, an engine 20 mounted on the machine body 10, a traveling section 30 arranged below the machine body 10 and traveling the machine body 10 by being driven by the engine 20, a forward / backward lever 60 capable of switching a traveling state of the machine body 10 by the traveling section 30 to either forward or backward, a snow removal section 40 provided on the machine body 10 and driven by the engine 20, and a retreat regulation section 2 arranged in a rear part of the machine body 10 and capable of switching the machine body 10 during retreat to stop or advance by coming into contact with an object, and the retreat regulation section 2 comprises a first regulating section 100 extending in the cross direction of the machine body 10, and an arranged second regulating section 200 below the first regulating section 100.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The utility model belongs to the technical field of snow sweepers, and particularly relates to a snow outlet adjusting device and a snow sweeper, which comprises a snow outlet barrel, a snow outlet adjusting device and a snow outlet adjusting device, and the snow outlet barrel is rotatably connected with the snow sweeper around a first axis; the snow outlet cap is rotationally connected with the second end of the snow outlet barrel; the control handle can at least swing around a second axis and a third axis respectively; the first linkage mechanism is configured to be capable of converting the swing of the control handle around the second axis into the rotation of the snow outlet barrel around the first axis; and the second linkage mechanism is configured to be capable of converting the swing of the control handle around the third axis into the swing of the snow outlet cap relative to the snow outlet cylinder. The angle of the snow outlet barrel and the angle of the snow outlet cap can be adjusted through multi-shaft swing of the single control handle, operation steps are reduced, a user can adjust the snow outlet direction and angle of the snow sweeper more quickly, and operation efficiency is improved.

The utility model discloses an electric icebreaker with high safety performance, which mainly comprises a battery pack for output, a motor, a speed changer, a transmission device and an icebreaking head, the battery pack supplies power to the motor, and the motor converts high-speed rotating motion into low-frequency high-power motion through the speed changer. And the vibration is transmitted to the icebreaking head through the transmission device. Compared with the prior art, the electric icebreaker has the advantages that the electric icebreaker with high safety performance is provided so as to solve the problems that in the prior art, manual icebreaking is low in efficiency, high in cost and poor in safety, existing icebreaking equipment has defects and the like, and efficient, safe and convenient icebreaking operation is achieved.