178 results about "Paddy soils" patented technology

The invention discloses a composite chemical leaching method for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. The method includes: leaching heavy metal contaminated soil 1-3 times by a composite leacheate prepared from ferric chloride and an organic acid, then further conducting leaching 1-3 time with distilled water, and finally separating the leacheate from soil. The method provided in the invention has the advantages of good treatment effect, short leaching time, no secondary pollution, simple operation, relative low cost, a highest cadmium removal rate of over 80%, and a highest lead removal rate of over 55%. The iron-containing compound involved in the invention is used as an improver of paddy soil. The residue of ferric chloride has a positive effect on chemical properties of soil, and cannot destroy the soil structure. The used organic acid is easy to degrade, and the degradation product can become nutrients of plants and is environment-friendly. The final leaching by water can reduce the content of metal ions and the leacheate residue in the remedied soil, thus being in favor of later crop tilling.

The invention provides an ecological water conservancy restoration system and method for heavy metal polluted farmland soil. The ecological water conservancy restoration method comprises elution and purification of soil heavy metals in a planting intermission period and water and fertilizer combined prevention and control of soil residual heavy metals in a planting period; in a rice planting intermission period, circular treatment of environmental-protection elution, field water recession and forced drainage and receded water ecological purification is carried out on heavy metal polluted soil sequentially, so that overproof heavy metals in rice soil can be gradually transferred into a water body to be treated, and thus the rice field is cleaned; in a rice planting period, field water and fertilizer combined prevention and control is carried out on the residual heavy metals after the rice soil is eluted, so as to prevent and control the heavy metals from entering the rice; a series of treatment measures to the soil heavy metals in the rice planting intermission period and the planting period can ensure the treatment on symptoms and root causes of the heavy metal polluted rice soil and further can ensure the safe planting of rice.

The invention provides a no-tillage direct seeding and mulching cultivation method of rice in the technical field of agricultural planting. In the cultivation method, Chinese milk vetch serves as green manure in winter, and is mulched on the ground surface as organic green manure before the seeding of the rice; and all rice straws are returned to the field, and are mulched on the ground surface after the rice is harvested; therefore, the permanent no-tillage of a rice field and the direct seeding of the rice are put into practice, and thus the crop rotation of the rice and the green manure are put into practice. When the method is adopted, the growth and development of soil organisms are improved; the diversity of the soil organisms is enriched; the application of fertilizers is reduced; the widespread pollution of a farming land is reduced; labor and force are saved; the agricultural planting efficiency is improved; and the quality of the rice is improved.

The invention provides a solanum tuberosum and double cropping rice rotation crop rotation culture method for improving a south double cropping rice paddy soil micro-aggregate structure, and belongs to the field of agricultural production. The method mainly comprises the first step of solanum tuberosum high-yield cultivation and the second step of early rice and late rice high-yield cultivation, wherein the first step comprises the substeps of preparation before seeding, variety selection, cutting of seed solanum tuberosum, seeding at suitable time and coverage of straw and a mulching film, field management comprising timely film breaking, topdressing, drainage and insect disease prevention, timely harvesting, and field returning of solanum tuberosum stem leaves and straw for coverage, and the second step comprises the substeps of variety selection, seedling transplanting, filed management comprising scientific fertilization, weeding, irrigation and insect disease prevention, timely harvesting and field returning of straw. By means of the method, south double cropping rice paddy winter agriculture can be reasonably developed, the rice paddy soil micro-aggregate structure is effectively improved, soil is fertilized, economic benefits of solanum tuberosum in one season are increased on the basis of ensuring the double cropping rice yield, the purposes of improving the rice paddy soil structure and obtaining high-yield year-round crops are achieved, and the popularization value is high.

The invention belongs to the technical fields of control of soil pollution and quality safety of agricultural products and provides a method for restoring paddy cadmium pollution by combining water management with passivator adding in order to solve the control problem of paddies with severe cadmium pollution. The method comprises the steps that cadmium polluted paddy soil is treated through a composite passive material, rice is transplanted, water management is conducted, and the composite passive material is formed by proportionally mixing natural palygorskite and sulfydryl-modified palygorskite. Rice with the cadmium content reaching the standard can be produced through the paddy soil with severe cadmium pollution, the soil pollution problem is solved, the food security is ensured, and the method is significant. The composite passive material is easy to apply, low in cost and free of adverse effect on environment and does not influence regular growth and yield formation of rice, and the passivation effect on cadmium in soil can be maintained for 3-4 years by applying the composite passive material to soil once. After the composite passive material is applied to the cadmium polluted paddies soaked in water for a long time, the effect that cadmium accumulation is reduced is remarkable, and the cadmium content of produced brown rice meets the current national standard.

The invention discloses a multiple-cropping and no-tillage cultivation method of potato-direct seeding rice, belongs to a cultivation method of crops, and is applicable to seasonal southern rice regions. The multiple-cropping and no-tillage cultivation method comprises the steps of: rice straw is stored when the rice is harvested, the potatoes are covered for the whole no-tillage cultivation process, the straw and stem leaves of potatoes are flatly laid on borders when the potatoes are harvested, and the straw and stem leaves are watered and soaked and dried before the rice is sowed; and no-tillage direct seeding of rice is carried out in ridges, the water control irrigation method is adopted in the rice growing process, weeds are killed for only once, and simultaneously the fertilizing amount is reduced by 30 percent. The multiple-cropping and no-tillage cultivation method of potato-direct seeding rice tightly combines straw-covering no-tillage cultivation of potatoes with no-tillage direct seeding cultivation of rice, and realizes annual zero tillage of the rice field, fully cyclic utilization of straws of crops and reduced application of fertilizer and weed killer. In the technology disclosed by the invention, the resources of the rice fields such as soil, light and temperature are fully utilized, land utilization and land maintenance are combined, and high economic benefit is achieved; and the multiple-cropping and no-tillage cultivation method is characterized by labor saving, cost reduction, high yield, high efficiency and environment protection.

The invention discloses a method for monitoring nitrogen and phosphorous leaching loss of paddy soil under a fertilizing condition. The method includes the following steps: A, selecting an experimental field, namely selecting paddy soil for measuring; B, arranging small areas, namely setting the number of the small areas according to experiment processing number and repeating number; C, constructing the small areas; D, mounting seepage pipes, namely monitoring nitrogen and phosphorous leaching loss conditions of percolate at different depths; E, fertilizing the small areas, namely mixing fertilizer with soil after the field experimental small areas are built; F, raising and planting seedlings, namely selecting rice varieties and enabling planting space and number of each small area to be identical; G, irrigating the small areas, namely opening small grooves between the small areas and main grooves during irrigating of the small areas and watering towards the small areas; H, intertilling and weeding; I, preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests; J, harvesting paddy rice; K, sampling the percolate; L, testing nitrogen and phosphorous of the percolate, namely testing total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorous and inorganic phosphorous in the percolate. The method is high in accuracy, high in operability, high in practicability and suitable for realtime testing of nitrogen and phosphorous leaching loss of the paddy soil of various types.

The invention discloses a red paddy soil fertility evaluation method with relative yield considered. The method comprises the following steps: (1) main indicators for paddy soil fertility quality evaluation are defined and classified, and 13 evaluation indicators are divided to five classes; (2) a calculation method is defined: a, membership is calculated, b, the weight coefficient of each singlefertility quality indicator is calculated, and c, a comprehensive fertility indicator is calculated; and (3) result accuracy is defined. According to the evaluation method with relative yield considered provided in the invention, the contradiction between a soil fertility level and rice yield performance when the traditional FUZZY method is used to evaluate the soil fertility can be solved, for example, a high soil fertility indicator is acquired by FUZZY, however, due to unreasonable management, the rice yield is low, or, a low soil fertility indicator is acquired by FUZZY, however, due to anenhanced management level, the rice yield is high. Compared with the FUZZY method, the method with the yield considered is more credible, accurate and subjective, and the application prospect is wide.

The invention relates to a biological special fertilizer for rice, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 11-13 parts of N, 8 parts of P2O5, 11 parts of K2O9, 2-3 parts of microbes and 1-2 parts of medium microelements, wherein the medium microelements are sulfur and zinc, the microbes are prepared from phosphorus dissolving bacteria, potassium dissolving bacteria and nitrogen fixing bacteria, and lignite and zeolite are used as microbial carriers. The proper ratio of N to P2O5 to K2O in the biological special fertilizer for the rice in black soil type rice soil is 11:8:11, the proper ratio of N to P2O5 to K2O in the biological special fertilizer for the rice in meadow soil type rice soil is 12:8:10, and the proper ratio of N to P2O5 to K2O in the biological special fertilizer for the rice in albic soil type rice soil is 13:8:9. The special fertilizer produced by adopting the formula of the invention can reduce the fertilizer consumption, increase the rice yield and improve the quality, and can be widely used as the biological special fertilizer for the rice.

The invention discloses an ecological integrated planting and breeding method for a rice field. By using the ecological integrated planting and breeding method, the aims of planting rice, breeding shrimps and planting other corps in the same rice field are achieved without changing the construction standard of the rice field, the utilization ratio of the rice field is reasonably increased, the growth environment of rice is improved, the growth of crawfishes is promoted, the effects that one field has multiple purposes and various harvests are achieved in one season are achieved, the land and water resources are saved, the permeability of soil is improved, the soil fertility is increased, and no pesticides or chemical fertilizers are applied so that the problem that an agroecological environment is polluted is solved.

The invention discloses an electrode device for lowering arsenic and lead concentrations in rice. The electrode device comprises an anode and a cathode, wherein an anode electrode is connected with a cathode electrode by a lead which is connected with a resistor in series; and the anode and the cathode are made of inert conductive materials. The invention further discloses a method for lowering arsenic and lead concentrations in rice by employing the electrode device. The accumulation of arsenic and lead in tissues of the rice can be significantly lowered; and transfer of lead and arsenic in paddy soil towards a plant body is effectively controlled.

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil fertilizers, and discloses a recommended fertilizer applying method for purple paddy soil based on yield response and agronomic efficiency. The method comprises the following steps of S1, respectively calculating membership values of organic substances, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen, effective phosphorus and rapidly available potassium by utilizing a semi-trapezoid membership function, calculating the membership value of pH (potential of hydrogen) value according to a trapezoidal membership function, determining a weight coefficient of each evaluation index based on a correlation coefficient analysis method, and calculating a comprehensive index value of soil fertility by adopting an index pulsing method according to the weight coefficient of each evaluation index and the corresponding membership value; S2, establishing a function model of the comprehensive index value of the soil fertility and the relative yield of rice, and establishing a function model of rice target yield and nitrogen fertilizer yield response; and S3, according to the recommending amount of a nitrogen fertilizer, the recommending amount of a phosphorus fertilizer and the recommending amount of a potassium fertilizer, determining ratios of a base fertilizer and an additional fertilizer. The method disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects that the method is reliable, and the accuracy is relatively high.

A method for revealing and distinguishing paddy field formic acid utilization type methanogenic archaea in situ by adopting DNA-based stable isotope probing technology comprises the followings steps: (1), collecting a paddy soil sample; (2), performing a micro universe cultivation experiment of <13>C-formic acid; (3), performing centrifugation layering on the microbe total DNA of <13>C-formic acid cultivation soil by using an ultracentrifuge; (4), performing real-time quantitative PCR analysis and finger-print analysis on methanogenic archaea genes in layers of multiple buoyant densities after layering to judge whether the paddy soil contains the formic acid utilization type methanogenic archaea with metabolic activity. Therefore, the method can be used for keenly revealing the paddy field formic acid utilization type methanogenic archaea in situ based on the DNA-based stable isotope probing technology, and has great significance on the understanding of the paddy field nutrient cycling process driven by microbes and the cognition of the ecological functions of paddy field methanogenic archaea functional groups.

The invention discloses a method for detecting the saturation capacity of available phosphorus in paddy soil. The method comprises the steps of A. selecting a test field; B. setting plots, namely, setting the quantity of the plots according to the test treatment number and the repetition number; C. constructing the plots, namely, after the test field is selected, irrigating the paddy soil, laying color band cloth on a ridge and a sidewalk; D. fertilizing the plots, namely, mixing a fertilizer and soil manually after fertilizing; E. raising rice and seedlings and transplanting the rice seedlings, namely, selecting super hybrid rice for the rice variety; F. irrigating the plots, namely, opening small trenches between the plots and main trenches when irrigating the plots, irrigating water into the plots, draining and drying the field in the later mature period; G. intertilling and weeding; H. controlling pests; I. harvesting the rice in sunny days to obtain rice in each plot; J. sampling soil; K. determining a soil sample; and L. calculating a result. According to the method, the accuracy is high, operation and practicability are strong, and determining of the saturation capacity of the available phosphorus in the paddy soil is facilitated. The high yield of rice is achieved, and the problem of environment pollution caused by phosphorus loss in the paddy field is prevented.

The invention discloses a saline-alkali paddy straw application method. The method includes the steps that mechanical harvesting is adopted, grass is cut and smashed, and a prepared quick straw rotting agent containing bone meal, raw sugar and the like is sprayed; straw is stacked and preprocessed, wherein the straw is stacked, compacted and subjected to heat preservation and moisture retention; the stacked and preprocessed straw is scattered in winter and turned over to enter paddies. According to the saline-alkali paddy straw application method, mechanical harvesting is adopted, grass is cut and smashed, the prepared quick straw rotting agent containing bone meal, raw sugar and the like is sprayed, straw is stacked and preprocessed, and the straw is stacked, compacted and subjected to heat preservation and moisture retention, so that decomposing bacteria reproduction is convenient, and the straw can be decomposed more quickly; then the stacked and preprocessed straw is scattered in winter and turned over to enter paddies, rotting is promoted, saline-alkali paddy rice planting is improved, and soil fertility is improved. Thus, the situations that the straw decomposition degree is low and rice root system growth is affected are avoided. Meanwhile, the straw utility rate is increased, the organic matter content of saline-alkali soil is increased, and saline-alkali soil is fertilized.

The invention belongs to the field of biotechnology and agricultural production, especially relates to a Streptomyces termitum ACT-2 strain, its culture and application. Streptomyces termitum ACT-2 strain is preserved in China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC); the address is College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Luojia Mountain, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei Province; the collection number is CCTCCCNO: M2011008 and the collection date is Jan. 7, 2010. Streptomyces termitum ACT-2 strain, which has an effect of resisting Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, is obtained by separating and screening from paddy soil. The strain and its fermented products can be used as a biopesticide and also used to control Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and the like.

The invention relates to the technical field of rice shrimp aquaculture and discloses an aquaculture method for rice shrimps. According to the aquaculture method for rice shrimps, farming of langoustine can loosen the soil and kill pest; the rice can absorb nutrient elements in the water body and plays the role of shade, which not only purify the aquaculture water body, but also provide habitats and hiding places and therefore good growing environment for langoustine is created and the quality of langoustine is increased; the metabolism products of the langoustine provides organic fertilizer for paddy rice so as to reduce the usage of chemical fertilizer and pesticide during the rice planting process; the space of paddy rice field is effectively utilized; by means of the aquaculture methodof the invention, the langoustine grows fast and has normal sizes; the normal production of rice is not affected; the field is used for two purposes, which greatly increases income.

The invention discloses a regulation and control method for cadmium contaminated farmland soil to produce while repairing. The method includes performing air-drying and sieving on cadmium contaminatedsoil, applying a regulator component A, B and C, applying urea, and performing uniform mixing; planting paddy rice, performing drying for 3 days except for the later period of a tillering stage, maintaining a water layer of 2-3 cm at other time, performing frying until 3 days before harvest, and harvesting the paddy rice; performing re-air drying and sieving on the soil, applying a regulator component D and E, applying the urea, and performing uniform mixing; planting sedum plumbizincicola, maintaining the moisture of the soil at 60%-70% of maximum field water holding capacity, and harvestingthe upper parts of the sedum plumbizincicola after 4-6 months of planting; and repeating the above steps for 2-5 times so that repairing can be completed. The dual-purpose of guaranteeing the safe production of the paddy rice and accelerating repairing process can be achieved. The method can simultaneously consider the standard achieved production of the paddy rice on the contaminated soil and the efficient repairing of the sedum plumbizincicola.

The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a rice planting method. Seeds are frozen and unfrozen, soaking treatment is carried out after additives are added to water, the bud ratio is increased, treatment is carried out on a rice field through the combination of decomposed biological fertilizer, biogas slurry and traditional Chinese medicine additives are mixed into a mixed solution to be sprayed, and bee and pest killing lamps are placed, so spraying of chemical agents is avoided in the planting process, chemical pesticides are not sprayed, the quality of planted rice is effectively ensured, insect pests can be avoided, the rice yield is increased, and rice planting cost is improved.

The invention discloses a slow-release oxidant with calcium peroxide as the matrix attapulgite as the coating and a preparation method. It is prepared by 60% calcium peroxide, binder and attapulgite. The steps are: A. Mix 60% calcium peroxide with binder and attapulgite to granulate evenly, and the particle size is 3-5 mm; B. Based on the mass after granulation in step A, the amount of attapulgite for coating is prepared; the granules in A are coated with the raw materials in B, and the slow-release oxidant is obtained after drying. The formula is reasonable, the method is easy to operate, and the operation is simple, which can effectively solve the problem of calcium peroxide releasing oxygen in the gleization paddy field and improve the growth environment of rice in the gleization paddy field. On the one hand, it has incomparable superiority than ordinary oxidants. After being coated with attapulgite, the oxygen release time is as long as 91 days, which is 49 days longer than that of calcium peroxide powder alone, which is doubled. The prospect of promotion and application is broad.

The present invention discloses a method for safe production of rice on soil mildly and moderately polluted by heavy metals. The method includes applying a passivator before transplanting rice seedlings to reduce activity of heavy metals in soil, and then spraying a foliar barrier from the peak tillering stage to the booting stage of rice and at the filling stage of rice; the passivator includes bentonite, gypsum powder, lime, a biochar, an iron-based biochar, a slow-release iron-based biochar, an iron-sulfur-silicon composite biochar, a heavy metal cadmium passivator and a cadmium-arsenic synchronous passivator for activating sulfur reducing bacteria in paddy soil; and the foliar barrier includes an acid silica sol, a selenium-silicon composite sol, a cerium composite silica sol, a ferrous modified selenium sol. The method can also include applying a nitrate nitrogen fertilizer at the seedling stage of rice, and/or applying a phosphorus potassium fertilizer at the tillering stage of rice.

The invention discloses an acid paddy soil modifier. The composition of the modifier is prepared from biomass black charcoal, dolomite, sepiolite, limestone, zeolite, vermiculite, bentonite, coal ash,polyacrylamide, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus inoculant, pig manure fermented substrates and super absorbent resin according to a certain proportion. By means of the acid paddy soil modifier, acid paddy soil can be modified, the soil pH value is increased, the soil structural stability is improved, dissolution of heavy metals in the soil is reduced, the contents of nutrient elements in the soil are improved, the modifier plays a part in promoting growth and yield improvement of paddies, a foundation is laid for widely modifying the south acid paddy soil, and thus the modifier has wide application prospects.

The invention discloses a method for quickly evaluating pollution of heavy metal in paddy soil. According to the method, the content of heavy metal in a paddy root system is measured by FPXRF (field portable X-ray fluorescence) so as to evaluate the pollution of the heavy metal in the paddy soil. The method comprises the following concrete steps: (1) pre-treating the acquired paddy root system; (2) performing extraction on the pre-treated paddy root system by a sodium hydrosulfite-sodium citrate-sodium bicarbonate process; (3) measuring the concentration of one or more heavy metal in extraction liquid by the FPXRF; (4) calculating the content of one or more heavy metal in the paddy root system according to the measurement value in the step (3), and further evaluating the pollution of the heavy metal in the paddy soil. The method has the characteristics of quickness, economy and high accuracy, and an effective evaluation method is provided for detecting food safety and soil heavy metal.

The invention provides a plantation method of paddy rice. The method comprises the following steps: a), stubbling and weeding: after preceding crops are harvested, performing stubbling, and carrying out weeding processing before the paddy rice is planted; b), trench digging: digging trenches before the paddy rice is planted; c), field steeping: discharging water to a field for steeping the field ten to fifteen days before machine-transplanted seedling, the depth of the water being 5 to 10cm, and steeping the field until the unit weight of surface soil is 0.9g/cm<3> below; d), machine planting: carrying out the machine planting when a water layer is 0.5 to1.5cm, the depth of the machine planting being 2 to 3cm; and e), performing field management. According to the tillage-free machine-transplanted seedling method provided by the invention, the soil of a rice field does not have to be ploughed by machinery, the soil is softened through steeping the field in the water before the machine planting, and the machine planting is carried out by use of a rice transplanter, such that the cultivation cost is decreased, the soil working link is reduced, rich-water loss is reduced, at the same time, the problem of easy fall of the rice transplanter into slurry, caused by too deep and too muddy conventionally ploughed slurry and the problems of turning-green and tillering of seedlings, affected by too deep insertion of the seedlings into the soil by use of a conventional ploughing machine are solved, and the machine planting yield is high.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a mechanical transplanting rice seedling raising substrate, and especially relates to applications of a biological agent. According to the preparation method, straw waste is taken as a raw material, fermentation with a plurality of beneficial microorganisms is carried out for 40 to 60 days, an obtained microbial organic fertilizer is mixed with perlite, vermiculite, peat, and a water-retaining agent at a certain ratio so as to prepare a rice seedling raising substrate, and the biological agent phomopsis HQ285146 prepared from corn flour is added. The obtained mechanical transplanting rice seedling raising substrate is light in volume-weight, is convenient to carry, is excellent in water-retaining property, is capable of reducing irrigation times, saving water, and is abundant in nutrients; no extra topdressing is needed in the whole rice seedling raising process; obtain seedlings are uniform; root system activity coefficient is high; cost is low; compatibility with mechanical transplanting technology is high; using amount of paddy soil is reduced; and environment pollution caused by improper treatment of straw is avoided.