The invention discloses a cotton planting method. The cotton planting method comprises the steps of 1, field preparation before sowing, wherein planting land is irrigated, fertilized, plowed and weeded; 2, seed screening and treatment, wherein cotton seeds are subjected to variety screening, delinting, fine screening and coating; 3, sowing, wherein an equal-line dense planting pattern is adopted for timely sowing of the cotton seeds, a drip irrigation belt and a mulching film are laid, and the equal-line dense planting pattern is an equal line spacing pattern with the line spacing of 76-80 cm and the plant spacing of 5.5-6.0 cm; 4, field management which includes reseeding, dripping for emergence of seedlings, timely intertillage, seedling release, chemical regulation, irrigation, topdressing, topping, prevention and control of diseases and pests and defoliation and ripening; 5, mechanical harvesting. Through the method, the problems that mechanically harvested cotton is low in grade, and benefits are reduced are solved; while a stable and high yield of the mechanically harvested cotton is achieved, the mechanical harvesting loss rate and seed cotton impurity rate are reduced, cleaning and processing procedures are simplified, the cotton processing grade is increased, and the purpose of improving quality and efficiency of the mechanically harvested cotton is achieved.