The invention discloses a high-efficiency connection locking device of a building mechanical power line. The connection locking device comprises a device shell, wherein a cable insertion channel is arranged in the device shell, a socket is arranged on the bottom wall of the device shell and is arranged at the bottom of the cable insertion channel, a concave cavity and a prop-against cavity are arranged in the side wall of the device shell, a control press hole is formed in the bottom wall of the device shell, a driving channel is arranged between the concave cavity and the control press hole, a through groove is formed between the concave cavity and the cable insertion channel, a prop-against plate is arranged in the through hole, a V-shaped control sheet is arranged in the concave cavity, a press post is arranged in the press hole, a raising rod is arranged in the driving channel, an isosceles trapezoid press block is arranged in a buffer cavity, a reset pull hole is further formed, a rest pull rod is arranged in the reset pull hole, and a sliding prevention press block is arranged in the prop-against cavity. The connection locking device is simple in structure and is convenient to operate, cable connection locking can be effectively and rapidly achieved, a cable plug can be effectively from being loosening with the socket, and the application stability and the application reliability are greatly improved.