The invention provides a low-energy-consumption mechanical anti-
icing and de-
icing device and method and an aircraft
skin structure, and the device comprises a passive anti-
icing part which comprises an elastic interlayer, and the elastic interlayer is used for being adhered to the first side face of a
skin of an aircraft; the elastic interlayer at least comprises a lubricating material capable of reducing the
ice adhesion strength; the active deicing part comprises a force applying device, and the force applying device faces the second side face, away from the first side face, of the
skin; wherein the aircraft is frozen to form an ice layer-elastic interlayer-skin three-layer structure under the freezing condition, the force application device applies stress load to the second side face of the skin, and the ice layer is actively induced to be broken; through deformation of the elastic interlayer, stress load is concentrated on the ice layer, critical fracture displacement needed for inducing fracture of the ice layer is passively reduced, and meanwhile, through the anti-adhesion effect of the elastic interlayer, the fractured ice layer is promoted to fall off from the elastic interlayer. Through the device provided by the invention, efficient deicing with low
energy consumption, repeated use and no damage to the
skin structure is realized.