94 results about "Electrode polarity" patented technology

An implantable multi-chamber cardiac stimulation device includes flexibly programmable electrode stimulation configurations, and is capable of precisely controlling the stimulation sequence between multiple sites. The stimulation device provides a plurality of connection ports that allow independent connection of each electrical lead associated with a particular stimulation site in the heart. Each connection port further provides a unique terminal for making electrical contact with only one electrode such that no two electrodes are required to be electrically coupled. Furthermore, each electrode, whether residing on a unipolar, bipolar or multipolar lead, may be selectively connected or disconnected through programmable switching circuitry that determines the electrode configurations to be used for sensing and for stimulating at each stimulation site. The stimulation device allows for the programmable selection of each electrode terminal connection to a relatively positive or negative battery potential. In this way, each electrode, when electrically connected, may be programmed to act as the cathode or as the anode during sensing or stimulation delivery. Thus, directionality of the depolarization wave may be controlled by programming the cathode and anode assignments of the stimulation electrodes.

A method and apparatus are provided for treating biological cellular material with a treating agent using pulsed electrical fields provided by a waveform generator (12). The treatment method includes obtaining an electrode assembly which includes three or more parallel rows of individual electrodes (19). The electrode assembly is applied to a treatment area. Electrically conductive pathways are established between the electrodes (19) and the waveform generator (12) through an array switch (14). Successive electric fields are applied to the treatment area in the form of successive electric field waveforms from the waveform generator (12), through the array switch (14), to adjacent rows of electrodes (19), wherein each successive electric field has the same direction, and wherein polarities of rows of electrodes are reversed successively during the applying of the successive electric fields between adjacent successive rows of electrodes to the treatment area. As a result, the biological cellular material in the treatment area is treated with the treating agent unidirectionally with uniform electric fields with a minimization of the formation of deleterious electrochemistry products at the electrodes.

A single dielectric barrier aerodynamic plasma actuator apparatus based on the dielectric barrier discharge phenomenon is disclosed and suggested for application to aerodynamic uses for drag reduction, stall elimination and airfoil efficiency improvement. In the plasma actuator apparatus non-uniform in time and space, partially ionized gasses are generated by one or more electrode pairs each having one electrically encapsulated electrode and one air stream exposed electrode and energization by a high-voltage alternating current waveform. The influence of electrical waveform variation, electrode polarity, electrode size and electrode shape on the achieved plasma are considered along with theoretical verification of achieved results. Light output, generated thrust, ionizing current waveform and magnitude and other variables are considered. Misconceptions prevailing in the present day plasma generation art are addressed and are believed-to-be corrected. The influence of electrostatic shielding effects of the developed plasma on the applied electric field are also considered.

An instrument for electrochemical treatment of the human body or of an animal body is disclosed. The instrument is useful for the destruction of tumor tissues. One or several electrodes are furnished for insertion into the body to be treated. A direct current generator (1) generates a DC voltage. Connection lines (2,3,3′) for the generated direct current power are connectable to the generator. A switching box (9) inserted into the connection lines for a selection of electrode polarity. At least one trocar sleeve (7,7′) is connected with a first end to the connection lines., At least one trocar thorn (12) is insertable into the trocar sleeve. At least one electrode (5,5′) is insertable into the trocar sleeve such that an end of the electrode (5,5′) protrudes from a second end of the trocar sleeve. Tumors having sizes up to about 50 centimeters diameter can be treated with the instrument.

In a method and an apparatus for controlling AC pulse arc welding executed by supplying a welding current flowing between a welding wire and an object to be welded with feeding the welding wire at a feeding speed corresponding to a predetermined feeding speed setting signal, a one-period process for supplying the welding current is repeatedly executed. The one-period process includes a first process during a peak time interval, a second process during a negative electrode time interval, and a third process during a base time interval. The one-period process further includes a fourth process during a switching current interval, inserted between the peak time interval and the negative electrode time interval, for supplying a welding current having a switching current for stopping growth of droplet which is smaller than a threshold current with a positive electrode polarity.

The invention discloses a low-voltage transparent electrothermal film, including a transparent base material, a transparent conducting layer and electrodes. The transparent conducting layer is formed on at least one side of the transparent base material; the electrodes are formed by bus bars and inner electrodes, and the inner electrodes extend oppositely from the bus bars to form interdigital electrodes; the bus bars are connected with a positive electrode or a negative electrode of a power supply, so that the two adjacent inner electrodes are opposite in polarity, and in energization, current provided by the positive electrode bus bar flows from the positive inner electrodes into the corresponding negative inner electrodes and finally all converges into the negative electrode bus bar; and the electrodes are located on the transparent conducting layer and is in electrical contact with the transparent conducting layer. The low-voltage transparent electrothermal film is provided with the bus bars and the inner electrodes, an interval of two electrodes is reduced to enable resistance of the transparent conducting layer between the two electrodes to be reduced, thus low voltage can be used to supply power, and normally, the low-voltage transparent electrothermal film can be heated to 90 to 180 DEG C rapidly by adoption of voltage of a lithium battery of everyday use. Two sets of electrodes can be arranged on two sides of graphene, and the inner electrodes of the two sets of electrodes are staggered at a certain distance, thereby further ensuring heating uniformity, and improving heating temperature under the same low voltage.

The invention relates to an integrated electrolysis nitrogen and phosphorus removal wastewater treatment method, which realizes to remove the nitrogenous and phosphorus nutrition salt and organic pollutants in wastewater in same electrolytic tank. The invention adopts graphite and iron plate as electrodes, alternates electrolysis phosphorus removal and electrolysis nitrogen removal process by alternating the electrode polarities to remove the nitrogenous and phosphorus nutrition salt and organic pollutants in wastewater. The invention performs optimization and integration according to the change characteristics of the parameters including electrolysis time, current density, pH value, pollutants removal rate in the electrolysis phosphorus removal and electrolysis nitrogen removal process, can remove the nitrogenous and phosphorus nutrition salt and organic pollutants in wastewater in high efficiency in short time without adding any medicament in the process, achieves the advantages of small occupation area, short treatment time and high pollutants removal efficiency.

A left ventricular assist device (LVAD) utilizing MHD principles, wherein an aortic electrode assembly is located within a main femoral artery in the aorta, in the vicinity of the heart of a patient, which electrode assembly is exposed to a high density magnetic field generated outside of the patient. The high density magnetic field urges electrified blood within the artery in the vicinity of the electrode along the length of the electrode in a uniform direction, thereby providing a fluid pumping force and pressure commensurate with the magnetic field strength and electrode current in accordance with MHD theory and practice. A cardio bypass system is also taught, wherein in addition to the aortic electrode assembly, as second electrode assembly is placed in the inferior vena cava having an opposite electrode polarity to the aortic electrode assembly, such that the second electrode assembly directs blood flow toward the heart. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the magnetic field is generated exterior of the patient via a superconducting magnet which is designed to bridge the torso of the patent, such that the electrodes are generally centrally disposed within the magnetic field, along a longitudinal axis aligned with the aorta (and inferior vena cava), and generally orthogonal to the magnetic field. Sensors monitoring the patient may utilize ECG, blood pressure, and other data to control the magnet, varying the magnetic field so as to emulate the pumping action and intensity of the patents heart in real time, or simulate same.

We disclose a method of treating a medical condition in a patient using an implantable medical device including coupling at least a first electrode and a second electrode to a cranial nerve of the patient, providing a programmable electrical signal generator coupled to the first electrode and the second electrode, generating a first electrical signal with the electrical signal generator, applying the first electrical signal to the electrodes, wherein the first electrode is a cathode and the second electrode is an anode, reversing the polarity of the first electrode and the second electrode, yielding a configuration wherein the first electrode is an anode and the second electrode is a cathode, generating a second electrical signal with the electrical signal generator, applying the second electrical signal to the electrodes, reversing the polarity of the first electrode and the second electrode, yielding a configuration wherein the first electrode is a cathode and the second electrode is an anode, generating a third electrical signal with the electrical signal generator, and applying the third electrical signal to the electrodes. Each of the electrical signals can independently contain one or more pulses or one or more bursts. The number of pulses need not be equal between any two of the electrical signals.

The invention relates to a medium-high temperature carbon crystal electric heating material, which is obtained by grinding and modifying a carbon fiber serving as a raw material. The material is prepared by the following steps of: A) intensifying the electrode polarity of the carbon fiber by using an intense magnetic field of over 30,000 gauss; and B) grinding the carbon fiber into carbon crystal powder with uniform particles of between 1,000 and 3,000 meshes. Preferably, the step B) comprises the following specific step of: performing deep processing on the carbon fiber by using a high-power electronic ball mill for 2 to 3 hours until the carbon crystal powder with the uniform particles of between 1,000 and 3,000 meshes is produced, wherein the modulus indexes of the carbon fiber are that: the carbon fiber is acrylonitrile-based; the resistance is 10 K; the fiber length is between 2 and 4 millimeters; and an adhesive is not contained. The invention also relates to a medium-high temperature carbon crystal electric heating plate prepared from the material and a relevant preparation method. The medium-high temperature carbon crystal electric heating material of the invention is high temperature resistant and the surface temperature is over 100 DEG C or even between 250 and 300 DEG C. The medium-high temperature carbon crystal electric heating plate prepared from the material can be applied to a medium-high temperature carbon crystal electric heating product and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.

The invention discloses a staggered variable electrode giant electrorheological fluid damper which comprises a piston rod, a piston, a movable piston and a piston barrel. The piston sleeves to the lower end of the piston rod and can slide relative to the piston barrel; the upper end of the piston rod penetrates through an upper cover of the piston barrel; a movable seal structure is arranged between the piston rod and the upper cover; the movable piston is slidably connected with the piston barrel in a sealing way; and the movable piston is arranged between the piston and the piston barrel. The piston and the movable piston sequentially divide the inner part of the piston barrel into three chambers; giant electrorheological fluids are fully filled in the upper chamber and the lower chamber; and a gas chamber communicates with an outside atmosphere. Multiple annular electrodes are arranged in the piston, gaps are formed in the piston and pass through clearances between the annular electrodes, the annular electrodes are electrically connected with a controller, the controller can change the polarities of the annular electrodes, and the gaps communicate with the upper chamber and thelower chamber. According to the staggered variable electrode giant electrorheological fluid damper provided by the invention, through the staggered distribution of electrode polarities, a high dampingeffect can be favorably produced under the same voltage magnitude.

A method of selectively electroplating metal features on a semiconductor substrate having a conductive surface. An electrode assembly that includes a plurality of adjacent, mutually spaced and electrically isolated electrodes connected in series so as to be oppositely polarized when a voltage is applied thereacross is positioned over the substrate and an electrolyte solution is applied to the conductive surface. The electrode assembly and the conductive surface may be positioned in close proximity to, but without contacting, one another. A voltage is applied to the electrode assembly, which causes a metal film to selectively form on portions of the conductive surface that are positioned beneath an electrode exhibiting a positive polarity and, thus, negatively charged. Portions of the conductive surface positioned beneath electrodes exhibiting a negative polarity remain unplated. A DC power supply may be employed, the electrode polarity in such case being fixed or, alternatively, an AC power supply may be employed so as to cyclically vary electrode polarity and cause metal deposition beneath each electrode. An electroplating system is also disclosed.

The invention provides an AC pulse arc welding control method, wherein during the negative electrode polarity-based period (Tbn), the negative electrode polarity-based current (Ibn) smaller than the critical value is electrified. During the negative electrode peak-based period (Tpn), the negative electrode peak-based current (Ipn) greater than the negative electrode polarity-based current is electrified. During the positive electrode peak-based period (Tp), the positive electrode peak-based current (Ip) greater than the critical value is electrified. During the positive electrode polarity-based period (Tb), the positive electrode polarity-based current (Ib) smaller than the critical value is electrified. Therefore, the welding can be performed. The positive electrode polarity-based current (Ib) is inclined to be smaller along the passing of time. The front half part of the positive electrode polarity-based current (Ib) is capable of increasing so as to inhibit the disappearing of electric arc. The rear half part of the positive electrode polarity-based current (Ib) is capable of decreasing so as to reduce the sputtering of electric arc.

This invention provides a method for constructing bridge including fine wires or point contacts producing a quanitized inter-electrode conductance, and provides a method for easily controlling the conductance of this bridge. Further, it aims to provide an electronic element using conductance control due to the bridge, fine wire or point contact formed between the electrodes. This invention is an electronic element comprising a first electrode comprising a mixed electroconducting material having ion conductance and electron conductance, and a second electrode comprising an electroconducting substance, wherein the inter-electric conductance can be controlled. This mixed electroconducting material is preferably Ag2S, Ag2Se, Cu2S or Cu2Se. This invention is an electronic element formed by a bridge between electrodes, by applying a voltage between the electrodes so that the second electrode is negative with respect to the first electrode and movable ions migrate from the first electrode to the second electrode. Further, this invention is a method of controlling inter-electrode conductance comprising at least one of applying a voltage between the electrodes of the above electronic element so that the second electrode is negative with respect to the first electrode so that a bridge is formed between the electrodes due to the migration of movable ions from the first electrode to the second electrode, and reversing the inter-electrode polarity so that the bridge is thinned or disconnected. In particular, this invention is characterized in that the conductance between the electrodes is quantized.

The invention relates to a method and a device used for controlling and researching a bubble polymerization process. According to the method, bubbles are generated in a low-viscosity conductive electrolyte, and surfaces of the bubbles have charges; the bubbles with the charges having different polarities collide and polymerize in a non-conductive transparent liquid, and a collision and polymerization process of the bubbles is controlled through an external electric field. The device comprises an electrolyte storage tank, a dielectric separator plate, two metal electrode plates, a micropore pipe, electrodes and bubble observation analysis equipment, wherein the two electrodes have opposite polarities, height of the dielectric separator plate is greater than the electrolyte, and the non-conductive transparent liquid is injected above the electrolyte. The method is advantaged in that, the bubbles are generated through the micropore pipe, sizes of the bubbles are easy to control, and the bubbles are not easy to break; a motion speed and locus of the bubbles can be controlled through adjusting intensity of the electric field; shapes of the bubbles are good before polymerization, the bubble polymerization process is slow, duration time is long, and requirements for a camera is reduced.

A micro-current electrolysis-sterilization-algaecide device includes the solution conductivity detector installed in the inlet pipe of the tank, at least a group of electrodes set in the tank in accordance with the order of anode, auxiliary electrode, and cathode, and the controller, which judges the conductance values, controls the electrode polarity and the circuit connections. Said controller includes judging unit to determine the conductance values of water, and according to the results to trigger the corresponding seawater electrolysis-model unit, the fresh water electrolysis-model unit, or the pole-reversing electrolysis-model unit. The device can be used to the seawater and fresh water sterilization algaecide, with good bactericidal algaecide effect, automatic scaling, and a wide range of applications. By adding ultrasonic generator, the device can destroy a variety of bacteria and algae cells. Said device has a simple structure and a wide range of use.

The invention relates to a device and a method for monitoring an electric field for electrokinetic remediation of contaminated soil. The device comprises a probe and a master control unit, wherein the master control unit comprises an electrode polarity detecting module, a reference negative pressure calibration module, an A/D (Analogue-to-Digital) module, a field intensity conversion module and a control module. The probe is inserted into the soil which is subjected to electrokinetic remediation; an acquired voltage signal is output to the master control unit; the master control unit conducts reference calibration and analogue-to-digital conversion on the voltage signal and calculates an electric field intensity value according to preset parameter. The method comprises the following steps: processing the voltage signal of the contaminated soil acquired by the probe, and calculating the electric field intensity value according to the set parameters, so that the electric field intensity during an electrokinetic remediation process of the contaminated soil is monitored in real time. According to the device and the method, the electric field intensity during the electrokinetic remediation process of the contaminated soil can be monitored in real time, and the electrokinetic remediation efficiency is effectively improved.

Surface treatment installation (100) for metallic parts including an electrolytic cell (1) comprising a treatment liquid (20) in which the parts to be treated are immersed, characterised in that the parts to be treated are fixed on a pivoting drum (2) such that there is at least one rotation movement for each part in the cell, and in that the cell (1) comprises at least two electrodes (8a, 8b), while the drum is powered by an electrical power supply with polarity opposite to the electrode polarity, through at least one contact pad that is brought into contact on the drum drive ring.

Methods for electrically stimulating body tissues to improve function or reduce symptoms provide an electrical stimulation system having two or more electrodes that are capable of being switched independently from a hyperpolarizing (depolarizing) state to a hypopolarizing state. Multiple combinations of hyperpolarizing electrodes and hypopolarizing electrodes are created by polarity switching to determine a polarity configuration having the best performance as determined by symptom reporting and clinical diagnostic tests. Polarity switching is triggered manually or is programmed to be switched automatically. Determining the configuration providing electrical stimulation resulting in the greatest benefit allows the system to be operated with one or more electrodes in a hypopolarizing state, thereby reducing energy requirements, tissue tolerance, and tissue fatigue.

The invention provides a scrap remover of a film sticking machine, which comprises a first electrode, a second electrode and a DC power source, wherein the first electrode is positioned in a rotating vacuum sucking drum of the film sticking machine; the second electrode is positioned on a guide rail of a cutting blade of the film sticking machine, and the polarity of the second electrode is opposite to the polarity of the first electrode; and the DC power source is used for supplying power for the first electrode and the second electrode. In the invention, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are formed, and an electrostatic attraction method is used, so that the scraps produced by cutting can be adsorbed on the electrodes and can not be attached to the substrate but pressed under the film in the process of film sticking, thereby solving the problems in the existing technology that the splattering scraps produced in the process of cutting the DFR film for shielding fall on the substrate and are pressed under the DFR film due to different material properties of the DFR film, and the scraps witness large defects after being exposed to light.

The invention discloses an irregular heater and a heating method thereof. The irregular heater comprises a conducting metal strip, a heating electrode and a monitoring temperature sensor, and a drive circuit is designed to change the polarity of the heating electrode. The single variable control complementary output ensures uniqueness of the polarity of the electrode. The hysteretic heat characteristic of the heater enables the heater not to act frequently at an equilibrium temperature point. A temperature hardware protection circuit ensures that heating is not performed at the normal temperature and local temperature of the heater is not over high. A grounding control metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) tube preventing through current from being produced when the polarity of the electrode is replaced.