70 results about "Lysimeter" patented technology

The invention provides an economical adjustable underground water level lysimeter. The economical adjustable underground water level lysimeter is composed of a lysimeter box, an observation cylinder and an automatic water supply and discharge system, wherein the lysimeter box is composed of a box body, an inverted filter arranged on the bottom of the interior of the box body, and backfill, the observation cylinder is used for accommodating the automatic water supply and discharge system and communicated with the lysimeter box through a water supply and discharge pipeline, a discharged water receiving cylinder is arranged on the bottom of the interior of the observation cylinder, the automatic water supply and discharge system comprises an adjustable lifting and hoisting device, one or more Markov bottles marked with scales and connected in series and a water level balancing cup are arranged in the adjustable lifting and hoisting device side by side, three pipelines are arranged on the bottom of the water level balancing cup and are communicated with the lysimeter box, the one or more Markov bottles and an overflow pipe respectively, an upper opening of the overflow pipe is flush with a control water line, an upper port of the water level balancing cup is communicated with the atmosphere, and a lower port of the overflow pipe is communicated with the interior of the discharged water receiving cylinder. The economical adjustable underground water level lysimeter is simple in structure, convenient to install, low in manufacturing cost, wide in application range, reasonable in design and easy to operate, and data are accurate and reliable.

The invention discloses a small size lysimeter suitable for different groundwater depths. The small size lysimeter comprises a measuring inner barrel, a measuring outer barrel, a weighing sensor, a data acquisition unit, a sensor support device, a lithium battery, a water supplying meter, a water supplying pipe, a fixed bolt, a positioning bolt, a handle of a barrelhead, a sealed barrelhead, and a water level control barrel of groundwater. The small size lysimeter has the advantages that the weighing sensor replaces a traditional electronic balance scale, the continuous working of an apparatus is possible, the soil evaporation and the plant evaporation in any period can be automatically monitored, and the measurement accuracy is high; a tipping-bucket rain gauge purchased by a businesslike approach is taken as the water supplying meter, the cost is low, the water supplying meter and a water level control barrel of the groundwater are integrated as a whole, the evapotranspiration research on different groundwater depths is realized, the convenience is provided for the field operation and the construction cost is greatly lowered; the structure is simple, the measurement accuracy is effectively improved due to the fact that a fixed apparatus is used for continuously monitoring data, and the outside interference is avoided, meanwhile the usage and the maintenance are convenient, and can be completed by an ordinary worker.

The invention discloses a layered soil moisture lysimeter sensor and an installation method thereof. The sensor comprises a plurality of layers of horizontally disposed lysimeter moisture-sensitive sheets, fixing seats are disposed among the lysimeter moisture-sensitive sheets, the fixing seats of each layer of the lysimeter moisture-sensitive sheets are socketed and fixed by vertical tube sections, a plurality of positioning rods are inserted among each layer of the lysimeter moisture-sensitive sheets for supporting and positioning, conductivity electrode rings and thermosensitive devices are installed amongy each layer of the lysimeter moisture-sensitive sheets are installed with, and original test soil is fully filled among each layer of the lysimeter moisture-sensitive sheets. The sensor can monitor soil moisture lysimeter amount of test points within the depth below ground all the day, has the advantages of high precision, good resolution, easy installation, low cost, real-time and continuous data collection and the like, is suitable for observation of soil moisture movement on a field scale, and is an advanced instrument for the soil moisture movement information collection system.

The invention discloses a buoyancy type soil lysimeter, which comprises an undisturbed soil cylinder provided with a filter; the filter is connected with a phreatic water evaporating and replenishing device through a water level communication pipe; the phreatic water evaporating and replenishing device is connected with a precipitation infiltration replenishing measuring pot through a precipitation infiltration replenishing pipe; a buoyancy cylinder used for driving the undisturbed soil cylinder to float is assembled on the outer wall of the undisturbed soil cylinder; the phreatic water evaporating and replenishing device and the precipitation infiltration replenishing measuring pot are arranged in the buoyancy cylinder; the buoyancy type soil lysimeter also comprises an outer cylinder; a water level measuring chamber is fixedly connected on the outer wall of the outer cylinder; the water level measuring chamber is communicated with the outer cylinder; and the undisturbed soil cylinder and the buoyancy cylinder are arranged in the outer cylinder. According to the invention, the soil evaporation amount, the precipitation infiltration replenishing amount and the phreatic water evaporation amount of an undisturbed soil pillar for a test can be observed at the same time, so that changes of storage vibration in an unsaturated soil body can be understood, water balance analysis can be performed on undisturbed soil, and hydrology parameters, required water yield of crops and change rules of the required water yield can be solved through a water balance equation.

The invention discloses an in-field weighting type lysimeter for a paddy field. The in-field weighting type lysimeter comprises a lysimeter main body and a monitoring well, wherein the lysimeter main body is connected with the monitoring well through a gathering gallery; the lysimeter main body comprises an outer drum and an inner drum; a gap is arranged between an outer wall of the inner drum and an inner wall of the outer drum; a weighting sensor is arranged at the bottom of the outer drum; the inner drum is arranged on the weighting sensor; a to-be-detected soil layer is arranged in the inner drum; a water filtering layer is arranged at the bottom of the to-be-detected soil layer; a water gathering pipe is arranged at the bottom of the water filtering layer; a Markov bottle, a constant water-level water tank and a leakage metering device are arranged in the monitoring well from top to bottom; the Markov bottle is used for supplying water to the constant water-level water tank; the leakage metering device is connected with the constant water-level water tank through a leakage metering pipe; the top end of the leakage metering pipe is aligned with the constant water-level liquid level; the water gathering pipe passes through the gathering gallery and is communicated with the constant water-level water tank; a data collecting device is arranged in the monitoring well; the weighting sensor is in signal connection with the data collecting device. The lysimeter provided by the invention can be used for monitoring the leakage water and supplying water volume of the soil layer.

The invention relates to a lysimeter water level automatic compensation system and method. The system comprises a soil column, the bottom of the soil column is provided with a seepage pipe, one end of the seepage pipe is connected to the bottom of a water column by a pipe, the pipe between the seepage pipe and the water column is provided with a water supply and discharge switching solenoid valve, a water column water level sensor is arranged on the water column, the bottom of the water column is communicated with a water tank by a pipe, the pipe between the water column and the water tank is provided with a water supplement solenoid valve, and the water supply and discharge switching solenoid valve, the water column water level sensor and the water supplement solenoid valve are electrically connected to a data acquisition controller. The lysimeter water level automatic compensation system has a simple structure, realizes precision control and measurement by data acquisition controller calculation and control, has less power, is stable and reliable, can massively replace the existing manual observation lysimeter water supply and sewage system, greatly saves labor, improves an observation precision and has a high scientific research value and popularization meaning.

The invention discloses a displacement type lysimeter. The displacement type lysimeter comprises a measuring device, a data processing unit and a terminal display unit which are sequentially connected, wherein the measuring device comprises a bracket and a steel tank; a group of upper support frame and lower support frame is symmetrically arranged on two side edges of the bracket respectively; a pulley block is arranged on the upper support frame and the lower support frame respectively; a steel wire rope is arranged between the pulley blocks; a clamping plate is fixed on the steel wire rope; the clamping plate is connected with a counterweight rod; and a counterweight block and a displacement sensor are arranged on the counterweight rod. The displacement type lysimeter of the invention has a simple structure and low manufacturing cost, is convenient to use, can monitor slight change of water evaporation and seepage of a monitored soil mass along with time, and corresponding associated parameters such as temperature, air humidity, illumination, rainfall and the like, quickly analyzes the measured data in real time, realizes high speed and accuracy of data acquisition, enhances stability and reliability, greatly improves the working efficiency and reduces the labour intensity.

The invention discloses a method for determining a summer maize canopy SPAD value estimation model based on hyperspectral technology. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a quantitative relationship model among the summer maize canopy SPAD values, a sensitive band and a spectral index by monitoring and analyzing data such as a plant canopy hyper-spectrum and plant canopy leaf SPAD values, analyzing change characteristics of the summer maize plant canopy spectral reflectivity under different SPAD values by the test of a small-scale lysimeter, determining a summer maize plant canopy original spectrum and a response relationship between a first-order differential and the canopy SPAD values, and screening sensitive bands and the optimal spectral index of the summer maize canopy SPAD values monitored during the whole growth period, thereby promoting the application of hyperspectral technology in accurate management and rapid and non-destructive growth monitoring of summermaize water and fertilizer.

The invention relates to a super-humid earth surface environment water lysimeter. The lysimeter is vertically inserted into soil. The lysimeter comprises an outer frame and a plurality of water storage devices, which are arranged in the outer frame and in different depths; at least one water storage device is provided with a descending water collecting sheet; a horizontal pushing device can push the descending water collecting sheet to horizontally slide relative to the water storage device and stretch out from the outer frame; and the water storage device and the horizontal pushing device are connected to a central processing module through a circuit. The lysimeter can be used to monitor the super-humid earth surface environment such as wetland, and the like; can detect the soil evapotranspiration and infiltration amount and earth surface evapotranspiration and infiltration amount, and is especially suitable for the monitoring on super-humid earth surface environment such as wetland, and the like.

The invention relates to an automatic minitype lysimeter suitable for sandy soil. The automatic minitype lysimeter comprises a soil sampler and an automatic measuring and recording system, wherein the soil sampler is composed of an outer sleeve pipe, an inner sleeve pipe, a steel wire gauze interlayer and the like; a plurality of guide grooves are formed inside the outer sleeve pipe, and a steel pull wire and a guide ring are arranged in each guide groove; a cutter ring is reserved at the lower part of the outer sleeve pipe, so that the sampler can enter the soil smoothly; and the upper edge of the cutter ring and the inner wall of the inner sleeve pipe are leveled, so that the inner sleeve pipe is prevented from soil resistance; and the automatic measuring and recording system is composed of a precise balance, an outer support, an inner support, a steel hoisting rope, a pulley system, a hanging bracket ad the like. The automatic minitype lysimeter can provide a small-perturbation soil sampling method suitable for sandy soil, the soil sample does not need to be taken out for weighting during measurement and can be in-situ observed; an automatic metering mode is adopted wholly and the soil sample can be observed continuously; and the outer layer of the sampler is of a lattice structure, and the boundary effect of the traditional small lysimeter is weakened.

The invention relates to a plant growth lysimeter capable of bidirectionally controlling the temperature of undisturbed soil. A protective barrel, a container barrel, a leakage water metering sensor,a weighing sensor, a soil temperature sensor, a bidirectional temperature control exchange pipeline, a refrigeration ventilation network pipe and a heating ventilation network pipe are used for detecting an evaporation change signal voltage value by a multi-path data acquisition and storage system, determining the evaporation of plant moisture and the transpiration of plants in the container by asoil leakage acquisition instrument, and dividing the signal value by a voltage-force value sensitivity coefficient of a sensor to obtain the weight of the container. The total weight of the containeris weighed, and the weight difference at different moments is the moisture evapotranspiration amount in the period of time. The device is simple in structure and convenient to use, and can be widelyapplied to research on forestry, ecology, reservoirs, industrial and mining engineering observation and the like.

The invention discloses a water and fertilizer integrated lysimeter measuring system adopting the Internet of Things. The water and fertilizer integrated lysimeter measuring system is characterized by comprising a mechanical composition part, an Internet of Things core module, a data transmission module, a data detection module and a remote host computer module. Remote acquisition of field data is realized; environmental information of different soil depths affecting crop growth is acquired through layered sensors, and the acquired data are accurate and reliable; the acquired data are stored in a database, and follow-up data analysis is facilitated; fertilizer consumption of crop root systems at different depths can be measured regularly, and water and fertilizer study is facilitated.

The invention discloses a device for researching soil erosion caused by rain dropping factors. The device comprises a lifting frame, a top arm, a rain tray, a rain dripping screen plate, a rotary discand a lysimeter; the top arm is transversely arranged on the lifting frame and can move up and down along the lifting frame to change the height to the ground; the rain tray is arranged below the toparm, a plurality of dripping nozzles are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the rain tray, the rain tray is connected with a water injection pipe, and a flow control valve is arranged on the water injection pipe; the detachable rain dripping screen plate is arranged below the rain tray; the rain dripping screen plate is formed by transversely and vertically crossed screen wires, spherical drainage protrusions are arranged at the crossed positions of the screen wires below the rain dripping screen plate, and the mesh number of the rain dripping screen plate is 8-35; the rotary disc comprisesa rotating base and a rotary column. According to the device, the research of rainfall raindrop kinetic energy on soil can be simulated in a manual mode, and the influence of different raindrop kinetic energy on soil striking can be researched by changing the raindrop kinetic energy; convenient conditions are provided for researching soil erosion caused by rain dropping factors, and the vacancy inthe field is filled up.

The invention discloses a large-scale lysimeter intelligent monitoring system. A sensor monitoring point is arranged on the side wall of a box body of an earth-pillar lysimeter box device; soil with various different components is buried in the earth-pillar lysimeter box device in sequence in a layered mode from bottom to top for stimulating a soil condition under a natural environment; a water supply and drainage device is used for supplying and draining water to/from the box bottom of the earth-pillar lysimeter box device; a data acquisition device consists of a soil profile measuring negative-pressure meter probe, a TDR probe for measuring moisture content of soil, and a PT100 temperature sensor for measuring a soil temperature, and is arranged in the sensor mounting point; and data ofthe data acquisition device is transmitted to the measuring device to measure. On the basis of large-scale weighing type lysimeter equipment, the system can automatically perform data acquisition, display and storage on line in real-time by combining with a network communication technology, an image processing technology, a database technology and an automatic control technology, so that a researcher can efficiently perform data research and analysis.

The invention discloses a system for automatically determining phreatic evaporation and an implementation method thereof. According to the structure, the system comprises a support and a weighing sensor which is hoisted on the support, wherein a group of earth-pillars which are arranged in a leaching-pond in a suspended manner are arranged under the weighing sensor in a cable-stayed manner; the lower parts of the earth-pillars are soaked in the underground water at the bottom of the leaching pond; a water level sensor is arranged at each of the bottom end inside the leaching pond and the bottom end inside each earth-pillar; the electromagnetic valve which communicates the inside and outside of the earth-pillars is arranged on the side wall of each earth-pillar; the calculation formula of the phreatic evaporation E is that E equals to delta G and delta F, and equals to the sum of (G start-G end) and (F start-F end). The system can be used for solving the problem that the water level change of surrounding underground cannot be considered in observation by a lysimeter and avoiding influence of horizontal discharge or nearby pumping on the phreatic evaporation, so that the quantity of phreatic evaporation of different crops in different periods can be efficiently and automatically determined.

The invention discloses an embedded monitor for constant compensation of lysimeter underground water.The embedded monitor comprises an embedded controller, an order control module, a data collection module, a communication module, a working state indicating module, a fault alarm module, a power module, a water inlet/outlet electromagnetic valve, a water level sensor, a water replenishing and measuring sensor, an overflow drop counter, an RS485 bus interface and a GPRS wireless communication; the constant water level control, water replenishing and measuring measurement, data collection and communication, working state indication and fault alarm function of lysimeter underground water can be realized by computer technology, wireless communication technology, high-precision detection technology, etc. The data observing efficiency and data precision are greatly improved, the high automation and intelligent degree can realize unattended operation, so the embedded monitor has wide application prospect.

The invention relates to the field of lysimeter weight calibration technologies and discloses a new calibration method of a lysimeter weighing system. The method has the advantages that the contradiction between a large range and high precision of the lysimeter weighing system can be relieved, and meanwhile the accuracy of data measurement of a lysimeter in daily operation is improved. According to the method, through analysis of multiple groups of detection data, it is discovered that a repeatability error of an error rate meter is obviously lowered compared with a previous calibration method, multiple measurement results are stable, and it is indicated that a segmented measurement method can relieve the contradiction between the large range and the high precision of a lysimeter weighingsensor, so that the method has the effect of relieving the contradiction between the large range and the high precision of the lysimeter weighing system and meanwhile guarantees the advantage that theaccuracy of data measurement of the lysimeter in daily operation is improved; and moreover, the lysimeter weighing system achieves the effects of reducing the error rate and an error value through the segmented calibration method.

The invention relates to the automatic control device for underground water level, particularly to a system for realizing automatic-balancing sensing and control of a water level of a lysimeter. The system is composed of a U-shaped tube with liquid mercury, adjustable screw rods, adjustable contacts, a fixed contact arranged at the bottom of the U-shaped tube, a control valve, a water supply and measuring device, and a draining and measuring device. The adjustable screw rods and the adjustable contacts enable the liquid mercury and normally-closed electromagnetic relays to be connected. An upward opening is formed in the bottom of the U-shaped tube; and the fixed contact is arranged inside the opening at the bottom of the U-shaped tube and is connected with positive electrodes of the electromagnetic relays by wires. Outward openings are formed in the middle of the vertical tube walls at the two sides of the U-shaped tube; the water supply and measuring device is connected with the openings at the two sides of the U-shaped tube by conduits and is connected with an inlet and drain pipe buried in field by a flow control valve. The input terminals of the electromagnetic relays employ 3-V voltages. The U-shaped tube, the lysimeter, and the water supply and measuring device are connected in sequence. A water level observation well is arranged inside the lysimeter.

The invention relates to a four-channel lysimeter which is characterized by comprising four single-channel lysimeter and a single chip microcomputer with display functions. Each single-channel lysimeter comprises a cylindrical container, a triangular support assembly, a leakage device and a weighing sensor, the triangular support assemblies are supported at the bottoms of the cylindrical containers, the leakage devices and the weighing sensors are arranged at the bottoms of the cylindrical containers, the triangular support assemblies comprise lower triangular brackets, upper triangular brackets and spring pillars, the upper triangular brackets are fixedly connected with the bottoms of the cylindrical containers, the spring pillars are connected with the upper triangular brackets and the lower triangular brackets, liftable upright columns for mounting the weighing sensors are arranged on the upper surfaces of the lower triangular brackets, the weighing sensors are clamped between the bottoms of the cylindrical containers and the top surfaces of the liftable upright columns, a plurality of sensor mounting holes are formed in the container walls of the cylindrical containers from top to bottom, and liquid outlets of the leakage devices are connected with leakage weighing instruments. The four-channel lysimeter has the advantages that the four-channel lysimeter is convenient to maintain and low in cost, measurement data are high in accuracy, visual observation effects can be realized, four different measurement results can be simultaneously observed, and accordingly the data can be conveniently comprehensively analyzed.

The invention discloses a measuring and control device for the lysimeter underwater diving evaporation capacity. The measuring and control device comprises a lysimeter cylinder. The outer side of the lysimeter cylinder is provided with an overflowing water tank correspondingly matched with the lysimeter cylinder, a regulating water pipe is arranged at the bottom end of the lysimeter cylinder, the regulating water pipe stretches out of the lysimeter cylinder, a connecting valve is arranged at the end, stretching out of the lysimeter cylinder, of the regulating water pipe, the connecting valve is correspondingly communicated with the overflowing water tan through a water level communicating pipe, the overflowing water tank is correspondingly communicated with a water storage barrel through an overflowing water pipe, the water storage barrel is correspondingly connected with a water pump, the water pump is correspondingly communicated with the overflowing water tank through a water feeding pipe, a weighing balance is arranged at the bottom of the lysimeter cylinder, and an electronic scale is arranged at the bottom of the water storage barrel. By adopting the dynamic water overflowing principle, the long-term stable and unchanged constant water level is provided for the lysimeter, the water level metering device adopts the weighing principle, the evaporation water consumption of the lysimeter can be measured in real time, and the infiltration capacity of the lysimeter can also be measured.

The technical scheme of the invention relates to a lever type lysimeter which comprises a lever system, a measuring system, a container system, a balance weight and a control system. Due to a lever type weighing structure, the weight of a most part of a container system is counteracted, the weight acting on a weighing sensor can be reduced, weight change of a container can be measured by using a sensor of a small measuring range, and furthermore high measurement precision can be achieved; meanwhile, since the structure only counteracts one fixed weight of the container system, and the weight change of the container system is not counteracted or reduced, the weight change of the container system can act on the weighing sensor without change, and measurement accuracy can be ensured. By usingan automatic control technique, automatic measurement and recording of the weight of the container system can be achieved, an article to be measured can be separated from the weighing sensor when measurement operation is stopped, and measurement errors caused by long-term continuous pressure of heavy articles, of the weighing sensor, can be avoided.