The invention discloses a method for installing a large fair-lead structure on water, which comprises the steps of: A, carrying out a hole opening design on the original barge outer board and the original barge reinforced frame; B, designing a steel slide, welding the steel slide on an appointed position on a barge; C, marking a sign on a selected placing position according to the original barge installing position and the barge load-regulating capacity of the fair-lead structure; D, dragging and moving the barge loaded with the fair-lead structure to an open hole of the ship outer board of a floating type production and storage discharging device by using a tug and inserting the steel slide into a barge body; E, connecting a dragging chain block with a fair-lead structure dragging lifting lug, dragging and moving to the installing position in a cabin of the floating type production and storage discharging device by using the dragging chain block; and F, after the barge is ballasted for 50mm, withdrawing the steel slide. According to the method for installing the large fair-lead structure on water, the fair-lead structure is installed on water, the traditional installing technology is broken through, and the docking period cost is saved. The method has the advantages of simpleness, simplified process, lower cost, wide application range and strong maneuverability and repeatability.