The invention relates to an automatic tappet detecting and sorting machine. The automatic tappet detecting and sorting machine comprises an automatic detection host unit and a control cabinet. The automatic detection host unit comprises an automatic loading system, an automatic hardness detection system, an automatic crack measurement system, an automatic appearance measurement system, an automatic bottom thickness measurement system, an automatic transmission system, an automatic outer diameter measurement system, an automatic thickness T value measurement system, a laser marking system, an automatic discharging system, an automatic discharged material sorting system and an automatic oiling system, wherein an automatic conveying system is arranged between every two adjacent systems of the above systems from the automatic loading system to the automatic oiling system; and the systems are all mounted on a base in a modularization manner. The automatic tappet detecting and sorting machine is suitable for production sites, can repeatedly measure and accurately detect the diameter of a mechanical tappet at high efficiency of 2.8 seconds per tappet and by an accuracy of (-1.5mum to 1.5mum), can repeatedly measure the T value thickness of the mechanical tappet by an accuracy of (-0.6um to 0.6mum), can measure defects of non-polished T-stage, orifice, end face and the like, and can measure crack, hardness and the like.